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Social life carries various social and cultural phenomena which significantly interact with our lives, creating the difference in-depth reports and the newly formed relationship between generations in the family and society. Changes in thought, behavior, or actions strands understand if inequality and differences emerge and develop from social constraints. In today's society that mostly resembles a space without borders, it is possible to absorb new ways and ideas regarding lifestyle, thinking, and conduct. Many sociological and psychological studies argued that, especially in the early 60-s of the twentieth century, adolescents are more likely to be directed towards the ideas, practices, and characterized as countercultural movements. The study "Socio-cultural differences between generations in Elbasan" was conducted to identify social and cultural factors that affect the growth of differences between generations in the family and society. Identification of socializing factors such as media, schools, technology, and impacts arising from other cultures through immigration. Underlining the importance and analysis of social and cultural elements in change as essential factors in the differences between generations gives meaning to this study. This study's results have been highlighted by analyzing relations between ages and social and cultural changes in Elbasan in recent years.

Objective. This article is aimed at investigating the elements that define, typify and characterize reading as a socio-cultural practice. Design/Methodology/Approach. A bibliographic review was carried out to verify those elements that make possible to relate the socio-cultural practices with the reading. Results/Discussion. The main etymological, procedural and multidimensional attributes that define reading as a socio-cultural practice were exposed, emphasizing the historical, cultural and political dimensions. Conclusions. Reading is much more than the process by which one learns to decode or decipher a certain writing system, rather it is a socio-cultural practice associated with historical, cultural, ideological and institutional relationships. In addition, it can be said that reading as a socio-cultural practice is a practice that has been heavily laden with ideological, normative and prescriptive content, and is warned through various social, political and cultural discourses pertaining to different eras. Originality/Value. The value of visualizing the reading from this perspective lies in the possibilities of studying other scenarios beyond habits, making it possible to enter into the world of meanings assigned to this practice, the motivations that move the reading and the mediations that condition the act of reading.

The article highlights the problem of socio-cultural nature of speech conflicts. Communicators' speech activity is conditioned both by inner and external factors of communication situation. Communicators' personal types are of great importance, as well as their communication schemes. Personal values and principles define human motivation and intention. The asymmetry of communication activity, a speech one included, causes a lot of various conflicts.

This book is a collection of true-to-life essays which offers the reader various ways to view the socio-cultural state of the modern world as seen through the eyes of the author - a somewhat cynical but ethical Japanese professor. Through journeys in various cultures, these stories break numerous stereotypes, from the failure of higher education in Japan to the mysteries of using various types of toilets in Mediterranean Europe. The author narrates brief encounters with all aspects of society, from radical students to conservative academicians, from old-style street merchants to modern business people, from government agencies to independent artists. These stories also include lessons which, the author believes, people and society as a whole can and should learn from such encounters. The episodes highlight what is rapidly being lost across cultures in an era of globalization and the shrinking number of differences that once made every culture independent of the others. The book will captivate those who enjoy seeing another's view of the world, observing many unique 'windows' from which to view global change on a personal level. Also of interest will be the cynical but ethical assessment of the future of Japanese universities which have lost their educational principles at this critical time of survival, and the approaching IT society. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Paris - The 13th District (40 KB). Contents: Preface; Prologue: A Song in Praise of Japan; Scent of a Lagoon; Battle of Wits!?; More Than Just …. Readership: General audience.

"In the decade or more since publication of the first edition of Understanding Sport, both sport and wider global society have undergone profound change. In this fully updated, revised and expanded edition of their classic textbook, John Horne, Alan Tomlinson, Garry Whannel and Kath Woodward offer a critical and reflective introduction to the relationship between sport and contemporary society and explain how sport remains an important agent and symptom of socio-cultural change. Fully integrating historical, sociological, political and cultural analysis, the book covers every key topic in the study of sport and society, including: - debate, interpretation and theory - sport and the media - sport and the body - sport and politics - commercialization - globalization. Retaining the accessibility and scholarly rigour for which Understanding Sport has always been renowned, this new edition includes entirely new chapters on global transformations, sports mega-events and sites, sporting bodies and governance, as well as a succinct guide to researching sport. With review and seminar questions included in every chapter, plus concise, helpful guides to further reading, Understanding Sport remains an essential textbook for all courses on sport and society, the sociology of sport, sport and social theory, or social issues in sport"--

Анализ трансформаций социокультурного пространства предполагает обоснование содержания понятия и подходов в рамках которых изучение будет производиться. Целью данной статьи является определение стартовых исследовательских позиций по отношению к изучению когерентности (взаимосвязи) процессов социокультурных трансформаций, осуществляемых как в российском обществе, так и за его пределами. Но поскольку решение этой задачи требует многолетних не только теоретических, но и эмпирических исследований, а также обобщения уже накопленного как нами, так и коллегами результатов исследований в России и за рубежом, то мы в данной статье ограничиваемся определением базовых понятий и подходов. Таким образом, в рамках поставленных задач был проведен анализ генезиса понятия «социокультурное пространство» и показано, что для исследования трансформационных процессов социокультурного пространства эвристичным потенциалом обладают социокультурный и деятельностный подходы, позволяющие учитывать специфические особенности и динамику влияния различных факторов на субъектов данного пространства. Отмечено, что для адекватность построения прогнозных моделей относительно потенциала развития и сохранения социокультурного пространства будет зависеть как от детальности анализа всех составляющих (внутренней ситуации, содержания внутренних и внешних процессов трансформаций), а также от оценки когерентости процессов, с учетом их конвергентности и дивергентности. Весьма важно изучать и учесть тенденции внутренних трансформаций, идущих в соседних (других) социокультурных пространствах, поскольку они, являясь следствием их внутреннего развития, а также принятия или непринятия внешнего влияния, обусловливают трансформацию их политических стратегий и, как следствие оказываемого влияния на своих соседей. И не только их, учитывая виртуальность современного социокультурного пространства.

The article justifies the socio-cultural determinacy of human loneliness. Philosophical and cultural discourse has been developing through synthesis of heterogeneous and diverse theoretical positions. The formula by Karl Marx, which shows that the unity of human relationship with nature is determined by the unity of relations between individuals, was of paramount importance for the study. The existence of society and community was considered as two dialectically interrelated forms of sociality, the lack of coordination between which leads to the emergence of human loneliness. The statement of the synergetic paradigm on the non-equilibrium nature of social structures has become heuristically valuable for conducting the research. Relying on the information about age-related peculiarities of human development based on the concept of E. Erickson, allowed to obtain the desired result. The philosophical and cultural interpretation of these and related provisions made it possible to establish that loneliness can be recognised as a consequence of the decreasing community level in the course of interaction between individuals and the impossibility of maintaining its high level, which is expressed in the Meeting of the Self and the Significant Other (one's own Other). It was revealed that: community with a Significant Other is a measure of actualising the integrity and wholeness of the person's being; the more diverse and wider the area of Significant Others, the more harmonious the person's being; the person who has broadened the horizons of the Meeting as fully as possible is truly authentic; an increase in the depth of integration of the person with the processes and phenomena that are natural for each age stage passed, reduces the likelihood of loneliness, and, therefore, makes them more rooted in the existence

Cross-cultural adaptation is a challenging process while sojourning abroad. The inability to understand cultural variation triggers psychological, physical or behavioral difficulties and maladjustment or misunderstanding. Socio-ecocultural underestimation is the root of intercultural resistance, stereotyping, ethnocentrism and racist sentiments among sojourners. Most of the cross-cultural adjustment studies have quantitatively demonstrated factors and predictors of adaptation success. However, the specific forms of cultural variation that impacted sojourning adaptability is blindly explained. Hence, this phenomenological paper autoethnographically observed the socio-ecocultural environment while sojourning in New Zealand. The findings highlighted that cultural awareness and sensitivity assist sojourner's cross-cultural adaptability due to the socio-ecocultural variation.

A socio-anthropological theoretical framework of the so-called Grid-Group Cultural Theory provides a typological model for understanding and mapping of cultural biases (shared values and beliefs), corresponding social relations and strategic behaviours. The starting argument of this paper is that this model can be used to illuminate and investigate the socio-cultural differences in peacebuilding approaches as the four theoretical ideal-types of individualism, egalitarianism, hierarchy and fatalism, correspond to different peacebuilding approaches used by different international actors and in different post-conflict contexts. This typological understanding of approaches to peacebuilding enables also a theoretical analysis of socio-cultural viability of different approaches in different socio-cultural context. The final argument of this paper is thus that viable approaches to peacebuilding are those that are synchronized with the socio-cultural context, i.e., with the cultural bias, social relations and strategic behaviours used by the major social and political actors in the local society.

The aim of the article is to define the content of the concepts of gender and gender culture as socio-cultural phenomena. The method of comparative critical analysis of alternative interpretations of these constructs is used, on the basis of which an integral approach to understanding gender and gender culture is formulated. It is noted that the former characterizes the sociocultural functions of sexes and the system of interpersonal rela-tions between men and women. It includes images that reflect physiological and social differences between the sexes, social and cultural norms of behavior, as well as the system of social interactions between their rep-resentatives. The gender culture of society is defined as the system of organization of intersex relations that has developed in the social structure, including the balance of interpersonal interactions, gender standards of masculinity and femininity; norms in the sphere of communication (legal, moral, religious, etc.), stereotypes of behavior of representatives of different sexes. Gender culture of an individual is the consciousness and self-consciousness of the individual in the context of belonging to the male or female sex. In addition, the gender consciousness of an individual is the subject's perception of gender and the relationship between men and women. Gender self-awareness of an individual is gender self-identity, that is, who an individual imagines himself to be, and on the basis of which an individual's gender behavior is formed. The concepts of gender and gender culture as sociocultural phenomena are methodological tools for studying the specifics and dynamics of specific gender cultures emerging in certain sociocultural public systems.

В статье рассматривается проблема функционирования педагогических классов в современной образовательной практике сквозь призму перспективы и исторической ретроспективы, т. е. в контексте истории развития педагогического образования в России. Цель исследования - научное обоснование педагогических классов как социокультурного и социально-экономического феноменов на основе рассмотрения их в историческом аспекте. Для реализации данной цели автором проводится анализ истории российской практики создания педагогических классов как прообраза современной системы предпрофессиональной подготовки педагогических кадров в системе среднего образования, выявляются социокультурные доминанты и социально-экономические предпосылки организации педагогических классов. Определены этапы становления системы педагогических классов в России. Дана сущностная характеристика педагогических классов, обозначены целевые ориентиры их создания и функционирования в системе профильного обучения в общеобразовательной школе, критериальные особенности, что позволяет рассматривать их как социокультурный и социально-экономический феномен.
The article examines the problem of functioning of pedagogical classes in modern educational practice through in historical perspective in the context of the history of the development of pedagogical education in Russia. The author aims to scientifically justify pedagogical classes as socio-cultural and socio-economic phenomena in historical perspective. To achieve this goal, the author analyzes the history of the Russian practice of creating pedagogical classes, as a prototype of the modern system of pre-professional training of teachers in secondary education; reveals the socio-cultural dominants and socio-economic prerequisites of the organization of pedagogical classes; identifies the stages of formation of the system of pedagogical classes in Russia; provides the essential characteristics of the pedagogical classes, the targets of their creation and functioning in the subject-oriented system in the secondary school, which allows to consider them as socio-cultural and socio-economic phenomenon.

This research is a field research by going directly to the community as informants to obtain data. The data were obtained through distributing questionnaires and interviews with young people in the Kobe District, Japan. These problems are summarized in a study entitled: Demographic Transition in Japanese Society One Socio-Cultural Study. In the data collection stage, a questionnaire method and Interview techniques were used. Meanwhile, the method used to analyze the data was descriptive method. In this study, the results of data analysis were presented using informal methods, namely explaining data by describing all elements descriptively. Factors causing the demographic transition experienced by Japanese society at this time include Japan's involvement in the World War, geographic contours that are prone to disasters, high cost of living, and the presence of sophisticated robots that are the choice of entertainers in Japanese society. From the problems that have occurred, there have been several efforts made by the Japanese Government, including announcing a special allowance program for families who want to give birth to more than three children. A working mother can use quite long leave both before and after giving birth.

1. Industrial society, social change and sports culture -- 2. Case studies in the growth of modern sports -- 3. Debates, interpretations, theories -- 4. Social stratification and social division in sport -- 5. The social construction of identity and cultural reproduction -- 6. Sport and representation -- 7. Sporting bodies : disciplining and defining normality -- 8. Sport, the state and politics -- 9. Governance and sport -- 10. The labour market -- 11. Sport, commercialisation and commodification -- 12. Global transformations -- 13. Sport spaces, sites and events -- 14. Conclusion : methods for understanding sport culture.