Suchergebnisse

In his critical yet sympathetic review of Perry Anderson's The Indian Ideology ('India and Ideology,' November/December 2013), Pankaj Mishra does not challenge Anderson's faulty assertion that a 'rigid social hierarchy was the basis of [India's] original democratic stability.'. Adapted from the source document.

"Ancient Greek literature, Athenian civic ideology, and modern classical scholarship have all worked together to reinforce the idea that there were three neatly defined status groups in classical Athens--citizens, slaves, and resident foreigners. But this book--the first comprehensive account of status in ancient democratic Athens--clearly lays out the evidence for a much broader and more complex spectrum of statuses, one that has important implications for understanding Greek social and cultural history. By revealing a social and legal reality otherwise masked by Athenian ideology, Deborah Kamen illuminates the complexity of Athenian social structure, uncovers tensions between democratic ideology and practice, and contributes to larger questions about the relationship between citizenship and democracy. Each chapter is devoted to one of ten distinct status groups in classical Athens (451/0-323 BCE): chattel slaves, privileged chattel slaves, conditionally freed slaves, resident foreigners (metics), privileged metics, bastards, disenfranchised citizens, naturalized citizens, female citizens, and male citizens. Examining a wide range of literary, epigraphic, and legal evidence, as well as factors not generally considered together, such as property ownership, corporal inviolability, and religious rights, the book demonstrates the important legal and social distinctions that were drawn between various groups of individuals in Athens. At the same time, it reveals that the boundaries between these groups were less fixed and more permeable than Athenians themselves acknowledged. The book concludes by trying to explain why ancient Greek literature maintains the fiction of three status groups despite a far more complex reality."--Publisher's description

Women in India are comparatively backward socially, economically and politically compared to other countries. Assam is one of the eight states of North East India and bordering 7 states like Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and West Bengal. With a geographical area of 78,438 sq. kms. i.e. about 2.4 percent of the countrys total geographical area, Assam provides shelter to 2,57 percent of the population of the country. Assam has a population of 31,160,272 as in 2011 census, of which 15,954,927 are males and 15,214,345 are females. The sex ratio (females per 1000 males) is 954 and the female literacy ratio is 67.27 percent.Women status is determined to a great extent in terms of socio-economic indicators such as income, poverty, education and skills that opens up opportunities of employment, better health. These indices are also vitally interlinked with the concepts of power and position. At the same time, women must have a share in the decision making process in the family and in the public sphere, and access the rights and opportunities provided by the state and society at large. Thus, this paper is trying to look into the different aspects that shape up the women status in Assam.

Women are increasingly represented in high status organizational positions. While the advancement of women into high status roles offers them many organizational benefits, the spillover and crossover effects of these high status positions on their marital relationships remain under explored. In this study, we focus on potential costs to the marital relationship when women in high status positions hold higher job status roles than their husbands. First, we examine the spillover effects of wives' job status relative to their husbands' on marital instability. We suggest that this relationship is indirect and mediated by negative thoughts and feelings toward their partners' lower job status (which we refer to as "wives' status leakage") and decreased relationship satisfaction. Second, we investigate plausible crossover effects on husbands' marital instability when wives have higher job status and suggest that husbands' spousal support can moderate the indirect relationship between wives' job status and wives' marital instability. We explored these questions on 209 women in positions of high job status, a sample of 53 matched husband–wife dyads, and 92 of the wives who also completed questionnaires three years later. Full cross-sectional and longitudinal support emerged for the indirect spillover effects of wives' job status on marital instability of wives, and direct crossover effects on husbands' marital instability. In addition, the indirect relationship between wives' job status on marital instability of wives was moderated by instrumental support. Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research suggestions are discussed. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1120 .