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Includes bibliographies ; Contents.- I. Organisation of surgical work in base hospitals; by Seymour Barling.- II. The physiology and pathology of war wounds; by E. F. Bashford.- III. The bacteriology of war wounds; by J. J. Ower.- IV. General principles of wound treatment; by John T. Morrison.- V. Wounds of the head, spinal cord and peripheral nerves; by A. J. Hutton.- VI. Wounds of the chest; by R. Sevestre and Seymour Barling.- VII. Wounds of the abdomen; by Maynard Smith.- VIII. Wounds of the bones; by J. N. J. Hartley, T. H. G. Shore, and A. B. Le Mesurier.- IX. Wounds of the joints; by Forbes Frasure.- X. Wounds of the face and jaws; by V. H. Kazanjain.- XI. Wounds of the orbit and its contents; by Foster Moore.- XII. Wounds of the blood vessels; by Harold Burrows.- XIII. Shock and hemorrhage; by H. C. Bazett.- XIV. Tetanus; by Harold Burrows.- XV. Anesthetics; by A. S. Daly.- XVI. Radiology; by J. Blair Donaldson ; Mode of access: Internet.

The ICRC thought that it would be useful to set down its unrivalled experience of war surgery in a manual on the subject which could be used in the training of surgeons from the ICRC itself and from National Societies who go on medical missions.

Editor: Major Gabriel Seelig, lieut.-colonel M.R.C. ; "Prepared in the Office of the Surgeon-General." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Institutional and multiinstitutional results in surgical treatment of patients with congenital heart defects should be assessed and interpreted comparable. This article elucidates backgrounds and perspectives. Therefore expert groups in North America and Europe elaborated complex nomenclatures which i. e. include risk groups and procedure complexity. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery (EACTS) have collected over 150.000 patient/procedure data sets. A number of publications substantiate the possibility of complex data analysis. Even though the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery obliged institutions to participate in quality assurance, not all German institutions cooperate to date. In summery is there a growing need for transparency in regard to quality assurance. However, a continuous and comprehensive analysis of data ought to be ensured by our profession only. The establishement of quality standards in congenital heart surgery is therefore indispensible for government bodies, health authorities, parents associations, and ultimately patients or their parents.

This article identifies a prevalent strand of feminist writing on beauty and aesthetic surgery and explores some of the contradictions and inconsistencies inscribed within it. In particular, we concentrate on three central feminist claims: that living in a misogynist culture produces aesthetic surgery as an issue predominantly concerning women; that pain - both physical and psychic - is a central conceptual frame through which aesthetic surgery should be viewed; and that aesthetic surgery is inherently a normalizing technology. Engaging with these 'myths', we explore the tensions uncovered through a historical analysis of the practices of aesthetic surgery as well as the challenges to feminist claims offered by post-feminism. In particular we seek to destabilize the connection in feminist writing between beauty and passivity. We argue that through aesthetic references to denigrated black and working-class bodies, young women may mobilize aesthetic surgeries to reinscribe active sexuality on the feminine body.

Objective Surgeon tremor was measured during vitreoretinal microscopic surgeries under different hand support conditions. Background While the ophthalmic surgeon's forearm is supported using a standard symmetric wrist rest when operating on the patient's same side as the dominant hand (SSD), the surgeon's hand is placed directly on the patient's forehead when operating on the contralateral side of the dominant hand (CSD). It was hypothesized that more tremor is associated with CSD surgeries than SSD surgeries and that, using an experimental asymmetric wrist rest where the contralateral wrist bar gradually rises and curves toward the patient's operative eye, there is no difference in tremor associated with CSD and SSD surgeries. Methods Seventy-six microscope videos, recorded from three surgeons performing macular membrane peeling operations, were analyzed using marker-less motion tracking, and movement data (instrument path length and acceleration) were recorded. Tremor acceleration frequency and magnitude were measured using spectral analysis. Following 47 surgeries using a conventional symmetric wrist support, surgeons incorporated the experimental asymmetric wrist rest into their surgical routine. Results There was 0.11 mm/s2 (22%) greater ( p = .05) average tremor acceleration magnitude for CSD surgeries (0.62 mm/s2, SD = 0.08) than SSD surgeries (0.51 mm/s2, SD = 0.09) for the symmetric wrist rest, while no significant ( p > .05) differences were observed (0.57 mm, SD = 0.13 for SSD and 0.58 mm, SD = 0.11 for CSD surgeries) for the experimental asymmetric wrist rest. Conclusion The asymmetric wrist support reduced the difference in tremor acceleration between CSD and SSD surgeries.

Surgeon-scientists are uniquely positioned to make improvements in patient care. With stagnant NIH funding and increased grant applications, government-sponsored endocrine surgery research may be declining, thus compromising the training of future surgical investigators. We evaluated if NIH-sponsored endocrine surgery research has decreased. Grant funding of all United States active and senior members of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) in 1998 and 2008 was obtained from the NIH Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) database. All NIH grants between 1996-1998 and 2006-2008 were abstracted. There were 210 and 260 eligible members in 1998 and 2008, respectively. From 2006-2008, fewer members (8% vs. 13%, P = 0.05) had NIH funding for all research, and fewer members (3% vs. 6%, P = 0.05) were funded for endocrine surgery research. Grants per funded member did not decrease for all research (1.3±0.1 vs. 1.3±0.1, P = 0.99) or endocrine surgery research (1.2±0.1 vs. 1.1±0.1, P = 0.95). Of 24 members who had funding from 1996-1998, 8 (33%) maintained funding, while 4 of 12 (33%) maintained funding for endocrine surgery research. We conclude that fewer AAES members have funding after a ten-year period. Two-thirds of investigators no longer have funding, but the average number of grants per funded member is the same. This suggests that investigators are able to obtain and maintain funding once established, but fewer investigators are able to achieve this funding. Endocrine surgery training programs must continue to emphasize the development of future surgeon-scientists.

This article considers matters of narration and intersubjectivity in cosmetic surgery by drawing from interviews with 80 British and American women who have had an aesthetic procedure and 16 British and American cosmetic surgeons. It explores constructions of the 'surgical other' — that is, the woman who has cosmetic surgery with little consideration of its risks, is motivated by vanity rather than need, has unreasonable expectations regarding its outcome and/or is obsessively concerned with her appearance. It shows that constructions of surgical otherness are deeply contextual and interactive. They involve the production of narratives that reflect individual experience, are shaped by cultural imagery and incorporate narratives provided by other people. They also function as a form of identity work, as patients and surgeons draw upon them (and assist in reproducing them) in their performances of self. As part of that process, physicians not only confirm the patient's self-presentation as a 'good surgical candidate', but also aid in producing her as such. Practitioners too engage in their own presentations of self; their negative commentary on surgical others implies a criticism of — and thus an effort to differentiate themselves from — the surgeons responsible for their production.

Podloga: Dnevna bolnica (DB) je oblik organizacije, ali i način pružanja dijagnostičko-terapijskih postupaka izvanbolničkih bolesnika uz dnevni boravak u bolnici (u trajanju do 22 sata). Dnevna bolnica može se organizirati kao organizacijski dio pojedine djelatnosti u bolnici, poliklinici i trgovačkom društvu za obavljanje zdravstvene djelatnosti. Vlada Republike Hrvatske pravilnikom propisuje minimalne uvjete za rad u Dnevnoj bolnici, a Hrvatski zavod za zdravstveno osiguranje (HZZO) ugovara kirurške postelje, plaća usluge i prati iskorištenost ugovorenih kapaciteta. Metode: Autori u ovom radu dostupnom stručnom literaturom, pravilnicima i statističkim izvješćima analiziraju brojnost i iskorištenost posteljnih kapaciteta kirurških dnevnih bolnica u javnom zdravstvenom sustavu Republike Hrvatske. Analizirano je razdoblje od 2013. Do 2014. godine. Rezultati: Od ukupno 25 219 bolničkih postelja u Hrvatskoj, u 2015. godini HZZO je ugovorio 3811 postelja dječjih bolnica (278 za potrebe opće i 33 za potrebe dječje kirurgije). U 2014. godini bolnice su imale 155 ugovorenih postelja opće i 13 postelja dječje kirurgije. U 2013. godini, bilo je 20930 dana liječenja u dnevnim bolnicama opće kirurgije i 2844 dana u dječjoj kirurgiji, a u 2014. godini bilo je 22946 dana liječenja u dnevnim bolnicama opće kirurgije i 2488 dana u dječjoj kirurgiji. Zaključak: Ukupno sudjelovanje kirurških postelja dječjih bolnica u posteljnom kapacitetu naših bolnica je niska, a popunjenost tih kapaciteta na godišnjoj razini kreće se u rasponu 5487%. Postelje dječje kirurgije u dječjim bolnicama većim se postotkom koriste nego one opće kirurgije. Zakonodavac i HZZO učestalo mijenjaju pravilnike kojima propisuju okvire rada kirurške dnevne, a bolnice teško prate te zadane okvire minimalnih uvjeta. ; Background: Day Hospital (DH) is a type of organization for providing diagnostic and therapeutic outpatient procedures for patients who are hospitalized and discharged within one day (within 22 hours). It can be organized in a hospital, clinic or healthcare company. The government of the Republic of Croatia prescribes minimum requirements for work on an outpatient basis, and the Croatian Health Insurance Fund (HZZO) contracts the number of surgical beds, pays for the provided services and monitors the hospital bed usage. Methods: The authors, using available literature, regulations and statistical reports, analyzed the number and hospital bed usage in surgical DH units in the public health system in Croatia for the 2013/2014 period. Results: Of 25219 hospital beds in Croatia, in 2015 HZZO contracted 3811 DH beds (278 for general surgery and 33 for pediatric surgery). In 2014 there were 155 beds for general and 13 beds for pediatric surgery. In 2013 there were 20930 days of hospitalization in general day surgery and 2844 days in pediatric day surgery. In 2014 there were 22946 days of hospitalization in general day surgery and 2488 days in pediatric day surgery. Conclusion: The percentage of surgical DH beds in overall number of surgical beds in our hospitals is low, and the utilization of capacity ranges from 54 to 87%. Pediatric day surgery beds are utilized better than general surgery. The Government and HZZO often change regulations regarding DH facilities. This makes it difficult for hospitals to maintain minimal requirements for the organization of surgical DH units.

In India, cataract surgeries are provided by both the private and public sectors. Free cataract surgeries (with minimal amenities), funded through subsidies/reimbursements by government and non-governmental organizations, are provided for underprivileged and poor patients. However, no evidence exists as to whether these free surgeries are used by those who could afford to pay for cataract surgery. This thesis evaluates the current assistance programme (with free surgery availability) in comparison to a hypothetical programme(without free surgery availability) using a cost-benefit analysis approach. The thesis also suggests an alternative programme that is sustainable, without any external support such as subsidies for conducting free surgeries. Data from a cross-sectional survey of 1272 households from four randomly selected rural household clusters in the Theni district, Tamilnadu state, India were used. Respondents from households were presented with 'scenarios' (with and without free surgery availability) to elicit their preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for cataract surgery. Of those willing to undergo surgery, 57 % were willing to undergo 'Paid Surgery', 12% were willing to undergo 'Free Surgery' and 31% were willing to undergo 'Paid Surgery if Free Surgery was not available'. In a multinomial logit model, household wealth items, income variables and a family history of cataract surgery largely distinguished the preferences. Results from interval regression models indicate that households with resources to pay have a positive WTP for cataract surgery. Results also show that 'free surgeries' are utilized by a significant proportion of people who might be willing to pay a positive amount. Free surgeries may be 'crowding out' surgeries from which costs can be recovered. From the results of a cost-benefit analysis it is clear that the cost benefit of the hypothetical programmes is greater than that of the current programme. On the basis of the results, a theoretical self-selection model is recommended as ...