Suchergebnisse

The absence of visual aids in telephone interviews has generated a search for methods of asking questions normally accompanied by such aids in personal interviews. Telephone interview data from 4,300 households are used to compare 2 approaches to asking 7-point-scale attitude questions in a national health survey: single-step numerical selection tasks, or 2-stage tasks proceeding from general statements of attitude to more detailed specifications. The 2-question forms produced comparable univariate distributions of results, but items administered with the single-step form showed slightly higher intercorrelations. Overall, the results are more comparable than would have been expected. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 12 References. Modified HA.

Previous studies have found a race-of-interviewer effect on survey questions dealing with racial issues. This effect has been found in both personal interviews & on questionnaires filled out in the presence of an interviewer. Examined here is whether a race-of-interviewer effect is also present in telephone interviews. Data from 548 telephone interviews with Ala adults show that a race-of-interviewer effect does occur in telephone interviews on racial questions. 1 Table. Modified AA.

Who is this book for and why? Why have surveys at all? Why have interviewers? The basic survey process. How telephone surveys compare to other survey modes. Interviewers and survey error -- Who conducts surveys? Types of survey organizations. What you should know about your survey employer. What your survey employer needs from you. What your survey employer does not need from you -- Survey professionalism. Ethics in survey research. The role of professional associations. Codes of ethics. Government requirements. Unethical pseudo-surveys and laws protecting your work. Research on survey research -- What to expect in telephone interviewer training. General telephone interviewer training. Project-specific training. Refresher training -- Calling. Getting ready. Dialing. Call disposition codes. Leaving messages for the next interviewer. Scheduling callbacks -- Introducing the standardized interview. Controlling your voice. A person answers the telephone. Respondent selection. The survey introduction. Addressing potential respondents? Questions and concerns. Refusals. Refusal conversion. Unusual situations -- Asking questions in the standardized interview. About survey questions. How respondents answer survey questions. Guidelines for asking questions in the standardized interview. Probing. Recording respondents? Answers. Unusual circumstances while conducting interviews. Ending the interview -- What to expect in the survey workplace. Workplace settings. Workplace routines. Communication with your employer. Employment status, pay, and benefits. Workplace policies. What to expect from interviewer supervisors -- Concluding comments

Over 1,200 potential callcenter sales staff answered a printed job advertisement by telephone. Trained raters judged the applicant on 3 dimensions and around 450 were called to a face-to-face interview. At the interview they were given a personality test (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae,
1992) and a Customer Service Aptitude Test that was devised for this study. Despite range restrictions on rated telephone behavior the personality variables correlated with both actual telephone interview rating and a customer service aptitude test. Regressions showed that Extraversion was
the only significant predictor of the total rated interview score. Open, stable and agreeable females did best on the customer service aptitude test.

A review of telephone interview studies shows much variation in response rates, but the reasons are not clear. 3 experiments were conducted to test the effects of selected factors on response rates. They were carried out in conjunction with surveys of the general public in Wash during 1972 & 1973. Systematic samples were drawn from all published telephone directories for the state. The 3 experimental designs involved: (1) blind vs personal approach X offer of reward vs no reward, (2) blind vs personal approach X rewards plus social utility vs neither, & (3) advance notice (varied forms) vs no advance notice of interview. In the 1st experiment, response rate was not affected by whether the R was offered a reward or no reward, or by whether the callee's name was used or not used (a simulation of random digit dialing conditions). In the 2nd experiment, response rates were not affected by the offering of a reward in conjunction with a statement of the study's social utility vs neither. In the 3rd, a prior letter was found to increase response rates significantly. Interviewer sex had no effect on refusal rates in any of the 3 experiments. 4 Tables. Modified AA.

Item nonresponse is a problem for all types of survey research. Here, the probability of Rs not answering income questions in a telephone interview survey of selected areas in 5 US cities (N = 3,816) is estimated using logistic multiple regression. The results indicate that both age & race are significant predictors in all models estimated. The probability of nonresponse to income questions increases with age & is higher for whites than nonwhites. HA.

Examined are differences in actors' behavior & in the form of questioning during personal & telephone interviews. In analyzing the attitudes & behaviors of respondents, the focus was on those characteristics that suggest that the modes differ in the amount of nonresponse & response bias. Data came from a project which conducted two national telephone surveys with a total of 1,734 respondents, one using a stratified random sample with phone numbers spread over the entire United States, the other using 74 counties & metropolitan areas in the Survey Research Center's (SRC) national household sample. The same questions were asked of the personal interview sample by SRC field interviewers & of the two telephone samples by a central telephone staff. The achieved response rates showed that few respondents preferred the telephone as an interviewing tool, & that the great majority of personally interviewed respondents preferred the face-to-face method. If telephone interviews are to achieve higher response rates than personal interviews, improved telephone questioning techniques must be devised to reassure respondents of the legitimacy, confidentiality & importance of the interview. 5 Tables, 3 Figures. Modified AA.

Estimates of interviewer effects on survey statistics are examined from 9 surveys conducted over a 6-year period at the Survey Research Center. Estimates of intraclass correlations associated with interviewers are found to be unstable, given the number of interviewers (30-40) used on most surveys. This finding calls into question inference from earlier studies of interviewer effects. To obtain more reliable information about magnitudes of interviewer effects, generalized effects are constructed by cumulating estimates over statistics & surveys. These generalized correlations are found to be somewhat smaller than those reported in the past literature. Few differences in generalized interviewer effect measures are found between open & closed questions or between factual & attitudinal measures. Small reductions in effects were obtained when a computer-assisted telephone interviewing system was used; there was some evidence of elderly Rs being more susceptible to interviewer effects; the number & type of second responses to open questions were affected by interviewer behavior; & changes in interviewer techniques reduced interviewer effects. 1 Table, 5 References. AA

Detaillierte Angaben und Beurteilungen der Lebensverläufe in
den Bereichen Familie, Ausbildung und Erwerbstätigkeit.

Themen: 1. Herkunftsfamilie der Zielperson: Soziale Herkunft;
Angaben über die leibliche Mutter, den leiblichen Vater bzw.
Stief- und Pflegeeltern sowie zu Geschwistern; Angaben über die
Lebensverläufe der Geschwister.

2. Wohngeschichte und Aufenthaltsstätten: Wohnsitzbeschreibung
und Veränderungsgründe; Zusatzfragen zu Haushaltsstruktur und
Mobilität.

3. Schul- und Berufsbildungsbiographie: Schulische und
berufliche Ausbildung.

4. Erwerbsgeschichte, Berufs- und Arbeitsleben: Stellen und
Tätigkeiten des Erwerbslebens; Ausfallzeiten; Erwerbslücken;
Nebentätigkeiten; berufliche Weiterbildung; Arbeitseinsätze;
Mitgliedschaften; Krankheitsgeschichte.

5. Eigene Familie: Geschlecht; Ehebiographie; Partnersituation; Angaben
zu früheren Ehepartnern; Angaben zum derzeitigen Ehepartner oder
Lebensgefährten; Angaben zu Kindern.

6. Ökonomische Situation: Vermögen; Einkommen;
Rentensituation.

7. Politik und Religion: Biographie des eigenen
Wahlverhaltens; Wahlverhalten der Eltern; Politikinteresse im
Elternhaus; religiöse Erziehung, Kirchenaustritt und
Religionszugehörigkeit.

8. Gegenwartsaktivitäten; Interessen und Bedürfnisse;
Anstrengung durch das Interview.

9. Zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Geschätzte Interviewdauer;
Probleme bei der Interviewdurchführung; Unterbrechungsgründe.