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How can political leaders best control the effects of transnational links on their societies, maintaining the prosperity brought by such ties while minimizing their unstabilizing effects? The answer, according to some observers, rests in collective management through joint policymaking processes. This work explores the strategy used in Scandinavian countries for collectively coping with transnationalism. Although focus ing on a unique case, it is highly relevant to broader international efforts at policy coordination and joint problem solving. The author first analyzes the extent of Nordic transnational ties and identifies the principles involved in collective management. He then outlines the means, scope, and frequency of regional contacts among political leaders and bureaucrats and analyzes the norms and dynamics of joint policymaking to determine what roles the various principals play in the collective management effort. Policy results are reviewed in order to evaluate the relative success of Nordic methods, and comparisons are made between issue areas and degrees of salience to reveal the types of issues most effectively treated by the Nordic strategy.

We think of transnationalism as a tendency to delegate local, national and regional problems to transnational bodies and extol their virtues as unquestionably unbiased, rational, expert informed, consensual, creating a system informed by Habermasian communication. In the present state of world affairs, problems ranging from political, climatic, environmental and economic issues, to those concerning human rights infringements and biological and social diversity, are often seen as solvable through expert handling and mediated negotiations. The virtues of old-fashioned internationalism (of the Communist International, for instance) are dissolved in particularism and corporate style (because we need to understand the true nature of transnational institutions as corporations) identity politics. Growing grassroots alt-right and mass populist low right movements attest to a disoriented rage towards the faceless acronyms (like IMF) deciding on millions of individual destinies. The hope of internationalism as the bright future of humanity is highjacked to a collection of phrases at worst and humiliating humanitarian aid at best.

This article argues that much recent scholarship devoted to the concept of transnationalism and to the category of transnational communities is misguided. Such scholarship neglects to acknowledge the distinctions between the transnational and the diasporic, in particular the qualities and features of certain ethno-diasporas that set them apart. The article argues that "scholars need on all occasions to acknowledge, first, the difficult work that dispersed entities must conduct in order to persist" and must recognize the very different capacities possessed by, say, Latino or Muslim transnational networks and communities, on the one hand, and Jewish, Armenian, or Indian ethnonational diasporas, on the other. It also affirms that scholars must acknowledge all features of the behavior of such communities, including "the possibility that some members of these entities may be guilty of creating difficulties, unrest, conflicts, [even] terrorism," which does not mean that scholars need neglect their obligation to emphasize the immense contributions of various dispersions to the economies and cultures of their hostlands.

Introduction -- Asian Transnationalism / Ajaya K. Sahoo -- Part 1. Contextualizing Asian Transnationalism -- Part 2. Transnationalism and Socio Cultural Identities -- Part 3. Transnationalism, Education, and Infrastructure -- Part 4. Transnationalism, Gender, and Development -- Part 5. Transnationalism and Dynamics of Diasporic Politics -- Part 6. Transnationalism, Art, and Media.

"This handbook presents cutting-edge research on Asian transnationalism written by experts in the areas of migration, diaspora, ethnicity, gender, language, education, politics, media, art, popular culture, and literature from a diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives. The Asian region not only constitutes one of the largest diasporic populations in the world but also the most diversified diasporas in terms of their historical trajectories of emigration, geographical spread, economic and political strength, socio-cultural integration in the host country, and transnational engagement with the homeland. Divided thematically into six broad sections the chapters in this handbook critically discuss and debate some of the pertinent issues of Asian transnationalism: Contextualizing Asian Transnationalism Transnationalism and Socio-Cultural Identities Transnationalism, Education, and Infrastructure Transnationalism, Gender, and Development Transnationalism and Dynamics of Diasporic Politics Transnationalism, Art, and Media The Routledge Handbook of Asian Transnationalism will be an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, and students interested in the study of international migration, Asian diaspora, and transnationalism"--

This handbook introduces readers to the many dimensions of historical and contemporary Indian transnationalism and the experiences of migrants and workers to reveal the structures of transnationalism and the ways in which Indian origin groups are affected.

This unique contribution to the field of sociolinguistics scrutinises language ideologies in a globalised world. Using ethnographic methodology and a deconstructive approach to language it examines German and Australian Communities of Practice constituted by Salsa dance, and asks what languages symbolise in transnational, non-ethnic cultures