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Contents: Child welfare in the rural field, by H. I. Curry; The no-man's land of childhood, by Calvin Derrick; Evolution of the juvenile court, by K. F. Lenroot; Juvenile probation, by C. L. Chute; Outlook for the juvenile court, by E. F. Waite; Recreation tendencies in America, by H. S. Jones; Recreation in the small city, by John Bradford; Scientific program of child welfare, by H. H. Goddard; Child welfare in Canada, by Helen MacMurchy; The pre-school child: his social significance, by Arnold Gesell.

Welfare conditionality has become an idea of global significance in recent years. A 'hot topic' in North America, Australia, and across Europe, it has been linked to austerity politics, and the rise of foodbanks and destitution. In the Global South, where publicly funded welfare protection systems are often absent, conditional approaches have become a key tool employed by organisations pursuing human development goals. The essence of welfare conditionality lies in requirements for people to behave in prescribed ways in order to access cash benefits or other welfare support. These conditions are typically enforced through benefit 'sanctions' of various kinds, reflecting a new vision of 'welfare', focused more on promoting 'pro-social' behaviour than on protecting people against classic 'social risks' like unemployment. This new book in Routledge's Key Ideas series charts the rise of behavioural conditionality in welfare systems across the globe, its appeal to politicians of Right and Left, and its application to a growing range of social problems. Crucially it explores why, in the context of widespread use of conditional approaches as well as apparently strong public support, both the efficacy and the ethics of welfare conditionality remain so controversial. As such, Welfare Conditionality is essential reading for students, researchers, and commentators in social and public policy, as well as those designing and implementing welfare policies. --

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Introduction / Mink, Gwendolyn -- I. Historical Perspectives on Contemporary Welfare Politics -- 1. Dependency and Choice: The Two Faces of Eve / Solinger, Rickie -- 2. When Work Is Slavery / Boris, Eileen -- 3. From Maximum Feasible Participation to Disenfranchisement / Naples, Nancy A. -- II. Class, Race, and Gender in the New Welfare Regime -- 4. Welfare and Work / Fox Piven, Frances -- 5. Asian Immigrant Communities and the Racial Politics of Welfare Reform / Fujiwara, Lynn H. -- 6. Women, Welfare, and Domestic Violence / Kurz, Demie -- 7. Welfare's Ban on Poor Motherhood / Roberts, Dorothy -- III. Toward a New Welfare Politics? -- 8. Aren't Poor Single Mothers Women? Feminists, Welfare Reform, and Welfare Justice / Mink, Gwendolyn -- 9. Welfare, Dependency, and a Public Ethic of Care / Feder Kittay, Eva -- 10. Toward a Framework for Understanding Activism among Poor and Working-Class Women in Twentieth-Century America / Abramovitz, Mimi -- Contributors -- Index

Intro -- CHILD WELFARE: FUNDING APPROACHES AND PROGRAM OBJECTIVES -- CHILD WELFARE: FUNDING APPROACHES AND PROGRAM OBJECTIVES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1CHILD WELFARE: RECENT AND PROPOSED FEDERAL FUNDING -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- DEDICATED CHILD WELFARE FUNDING BY PURPOSE -- Foster Care, Adoption Assistance, and KinshipGuardianship Assistance -- Services for Youth in, or Formerly in, Foster Care -- Services for Children and Families -- Research, Other Grants, and Incentive Funds -- Composition of Funding by Purpose -- THE PRESIDENT'S FY2013 BUDGET REQUESTFOR CHILD WELFARE -- Overview -- Legislative Proposals -- Improve the Child Welfare System -- Child Support Enforcement Proposal Related to Foster Care -- Continue Funding for Child Welfare Study on Permanent Basis -- Requests to Increase, Eliminate, or Redirect Certain Funding -- Increase Child Welfare Research Funds to Address Commercial Exploitation of Children -- Redirect Funds to Provide Grants to Reduce PregnancyAmong Foster Youth -- Eliminate Funding for Programs Under the Victims of Child Abuse Act -- Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) Funding -- Child Abuse Training of Judicial Personnel and Practitioners -- Children's Advocacy Centers -- TITLE IV-E PROGRAM FUNDING -- An Appropriated Entitlement -- FY2013 Funding Request Compared to Prior YearBudget Authority -- Adoption Assistance -- Foster Care -- Decline in Overall Foster Care Caseload -- Erosion in Share of Foster Care Caseload Eligiblefor Federal Assistance -- Kinship Guardianship Assistance -- Tribal Access to Title IV-E Funding -- FY2012 APPROPRIATION LEGISLATION -- FUNDING LEVEL PROVIDED FOR FY2012 -- Mandatory Funding -- Discretionary Funding -- BUDGET CONTROL ACT AND CHILDWELFARE PROGRAMS -- Effect on Child Welfare Programs with Discretionary Funding -- Effect on Child Welfare Programs with Mandatory Funding

"The welfare system in the United Kingdom is broken. The number of claims has escalated and so, in consequence, have welfare expenditures. The social system does not encourage welfare recipients to become independent. Half the population of the United Kingdom lives in households drawing one of the major means-tested benefits. Research documents that means-tests paralyze self-help, discourage self--im-provement, and tax honesty while at the same time rewarding claimants for being either inactive or -deceitful. In Making Welfare Work, Frank Field challenges the current political orthodoxy, particularly its emphasis on the role of legislation alone in bringing about social improvement in a welfare state. Field argues that the impact legislation has on personal character is pivotal to human advance in a welfare state. Welfare reconstruction needs to address and channel the differing roles of self-interest, self-improvement, and altruism, which are among the great driving forces in human character. A successful welfare state must reinforce these important forces which influence our nature because to create an imbalance between these three motive forces will always undermine welfare's objectives. Field discusses in detail aspects of modern British society in dire need of change. These include the drug trade, benefit traps, permanent adolescence, the rise of part-time work, inequality in incomes, excluding the disabled, single parents, and the very elderly, for example. This clearly delineated, well-researched blueprint for success will be important reading for politicians and policymakers in all industrialized nations. Its author is well-positioned to revise and review the welfare policies of democratic -societies."--Provided by publisher.

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Cultural and Religious Views on Animal Rights -- 1: Islamic Beliefs Require That Animals Be Treated Humanely -- 2: Cockfighting Remains Legal and Popular in the Dominican Republic -- 3: The Prohibition of Ritual Animal Slaughter Throughout the World Is Cultural Discrimination -- 4: South Africa's Ritual Slaughters Do Not Supersede the Rights of Animals -- 5: Jews Should Become Vegetarians to Respect Animal Rights -- 6: Christians Should Treat Animals Humanely -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Animal Welfare and Global Biomedical Research -- 1: Animal Experimentation Is Necessary for the Well-Being of Humans -- 2: Japan's Cultural Traditions Shape Its Animal Experimentation Policies -- 3: Studying Pet Dogs with Cancer Can Help Humans Around the World -- 4: The European Union's Cosmetics Directive Has Many Loopholes -- 5: Animal Experimentation Rates in the United Kingdom Have Dramatically Increased -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 3: The World Food Industry and Animal Welfare -- 1: Automation Systems for Farm Animals Harm Human-Animal Relationships -- 2: Farmed Fish Suffer from Poor Conditions Across the Globe -- 3: Stressful Living Conditions for Turkeys Can Increasethe Rates of Foodborne Illness in the United States -- 4: Polish Factory Farms Are Hazardous to the Well-Being of Pigs -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Animal Ownership and Animal Welfare Around the World -- 1: International Zoos and Aquariums Can Help Save Animal Species from Extinction -- 2: Bolivian Circus Animals Are in Limbo After a Ban on Keeping Wild Animals -- 3: Canadian and American Puppy Mills Must Be Shut Down

Intro -- WELFARE ECONOMICS -- WELFARE ECONOMICS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- SHORT COMMENTARIES -- DOES INTRODUCING RENTAL HOUSINGWITH FIXED RENTAL TERMS IMPROVEWELFARE IN JAPAN? -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Welfare Implications of the Revision of the JTPL -- 3. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- STRATEGIC DEMOCRACY AND NATURALRESOURCE OVERUSE:GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN TAMIL NADU -- Abstract -- 1. Motivation -- 2. Major Considerations -- 3. Estimation -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- HUMAN RIGHTS, DEVELOPMENT AND THE WTO'SNON- COMPLIANCE -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 2. The Doha Round -- 3. Agricultural Trade Liberalization -- 4. Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs): -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- RESEARCH AND REVIEW STUDIES -- THE INSTITUTIONS OF POVERTY -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Brief History of Poverty -- 3. Macro-economic Conditions of Poverty -- 4. The First Institution of Poverty: Lack of Assets -- 5. The Second Institution of Poverty: Lack of Accountability -- 6. The Third Institution of Poverty: Habitat Structures -- 7. The Forth Institution of Poverty: Lack of Income Security -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- APROJECT ...AFRICA -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 2. Physics and Economics -- 3. Project Africa -- 4. Model -- 4.1. Recognize the Problem and Calculate the Outcome -- I. Market Reasoning -- II. Environmental Friendly World -- III. Globalization with Name and Surname -- 4.2. Willingness to Invest and Ways of Doing -- 4.3. Results for Broad Range of Topics Lasting Long -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- THE IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENTOF POVERTY -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Identification -- 2.1. The Direct Method vs. the Income Method -- 2.2. Absolute vs. Relative Poverty -- 2.3. Poverty vs. Inequality -- 2.4. Intensive vs. Extensive Poverty -- 2.5. Lifetime Poverty.