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The paper examines the effectiveness of the distribution of yarn in the handloom sector in its historical and contemporary perspective. It finds that there is a persistent shortfall in the total availability of cotton yarn in Bangladesh in terms of quantity, quality and variety. This shortfall very often intensifies and converges towards crisis owing to frequent disruptions and distortions in the supply of yarn. (DÜI-Sen)

Commercially available yarns are promising precursor for artificial muscles for smart fabric-based textile wearables. Electrochemically driven conductive polymer (CP) coated yarns have already shown their potential to be used in smart fabrics. Unfortunately, the practical application of these yarns is still hindered due to their slow ion exchange properties and low strain. Here, a method is demonstrated to morph poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly-styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated multifilament textile yarns in highly twisted and coiled structures, providing >1% linear actuation in 1.62% strain. Compared to the untwisted, regular yarns, the twisted and coiled yarns produce >9x and >20x higher strain, respectively. The strain and speed are significantly higher than the maximum reported results from other electrochemically operated CP yarns. The yarns actuation is explained by reversible oxidation/reduction reactions occurring at CPs. However, the helical opening/closing of the twisted or coiled yarns due to the torsional yarn untwisting/retwisting assists the rapid and large linear actuation. These PEDOT:PSS coated yarn actuators are of great interest to drive smart textile exoskeletons. ; Funding Agencies|Promobilia Foundation [F17603]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO Mat LiU) [2009-00971]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2014-3079]; Carl Trygger Foundation [CTS:17-215]; European UnionEuropean Union (EU) [825232]; University of Wollongongs Visiting International Scholar Award

WHAT IS LATENT DEMAND AND THE P.I.E.?The concept of latent demand is rather subtle. The term latent typically refers to something that is dormant, not observable, or not yet realized. Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target population or market requires under different assumptions of price, quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. It is a measure, therefore, of potential industry earnin

This essay explores market talk in early nineteenth-century Britain through a close reading of the correspondence of the cotton-spinning firm McConnel & Kennedy of Manchester between 1798 and 1813. I argue that two distinct "narratives" of price and value emerge from these letters, and that the cleave between them pointed both to a deep anxiety about the market, and to a clear and clever bargaining strategy. McConnel & Kennedy clung stubbornly to a definition of "value" that they understood to be fictive, in order to avoid frank surrender to what they saw as cannibalistic price-competition. Rhetoric was, then, no small thing to them. They conceived supply and value as being inversely related, and this idea, I argue, was implicit also in wider contemporary anxieties about the relationship between proliferation and meaning.

AbstractThis article introduces three other articles on transnational conflict resolution practice. Many North American practitioners are "exporting conflict resolution," applying their domestic experience and North American conflict‐handling models and concepts in other societies and cultures. This practice raises a number of issues, including the cultural appropriateness and transferability of the models and the ability of the society to integrate new conflict‐handling mechanisms or build conflict‐handling capacity. This article describes the kinds of work that various practitioners are conducting abroad and the context in which they are operating. It examines whether some of the models are replicable and suggests that the underlying concepts are often transferable but that the ultimate form or structure depends on the specific cultural context. It concludes that the primary challenge of transnational conflict resolution practice is conceptual transferability and that any emerging guidelines, protocols, or best practices are useful if they aid the recipient society's efforts to structurally adapt the conflict‐handling model.

Electrochemically or electrothermally driven twisted/coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn actuators are interesting artificial muscles for wearables as they can sustain high stress. However, due to high fabrication costs, these yarns have limited their application in smart textiles. An alternative approach is to use off-the-shelf yarns and coat them with conductive polymers that deliver high actuation properties. Here, novel hybrid textile yarns are demonstrated that combine CNT and an electroactive polypyrrole coating to provide both high strength and good actuation properties. CNT-coated polyester yarns are twisted and coiled and subjected to electrochemical coating of polypyrrole to obtain the hierarchical soft actuators. When twisted without coiling, the polypyrrole-coated yarns produce fully reversible 25 degrees mm(-1)rotation, 8.3x higher than the non-reversible rotation from twisted CNT-coated yarns in a three-electrode electrochemical system operated between +0.4 and -1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The coiled yarns generate fully reversible 10 degrees mm(-1)rotation and 0.22% contraction strain, 2.75x higher than coiled CNT-coated yarns, when operated within the same potential window. The twisted and coiled yarns exhibit high tensile strength with excellent abrasion resistance in wet and dry shearing conditions that can match the requirements for using them as soft actuators in wearables and textile exoskeletons. ; Funding Agencies|Promobilia Foundation [F17603]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (faculty grant SFO Mat LiU) [2009-00971]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2014-3079]; Carl Trygger Foundation [CTS:17-215]; European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [825232]; University of Wollongongs Visiting International Scholar Award