This dissertation analyses six Canadian plays through an ecofeminist lens. The study, which focuses on stories written by francophone, anglophone, and Indigenous playwrights, attempts to discover: 1) In what ways do the plays show the intertwining of ecocide, colonialism, gender, and racial inequalities in Canada? And 2) what new tropes and theatrical forms emerge from this political theatre? This research shows that the plays analysed create narrative structures and systems of representation (e.g., of gender, of human/nonhuman relationships) that stress the entangling of racial and gender inequalities in environmental destruction, highlighting the importance of animal studies and decolonial thinking, two aspects sometimes absent from mainstream ecofeminist critique.
Part 1: Genealogies -- Mountains and Valleys of Difference: Traces of Language on the Land / Margaret Noodin -- Re-inscribing a Woman Writer into the West: Sor Mari̹a de Jesu̹s de A̹greda and the Laterality of Legend / Anna M. Nogar -- Drifting Across Lines in the Sand: Unsettled Records and the Restoration of Cultural Memories in Indigenous California / Luhui Whitebear -- More than One Story: Gender, Region, and the American West in Japanese American Literature / Florence D. Amamoto -- Yosemite Climbing Films and the Regeneration of White Masculinity in the American West / Peter L. Bayers -- Ivan Doig's "Geography of Risk" and Legacies of Selfhood in Contemporary White Western Men's Memoir / Linda Karell -- The Popular Western in Print: A Feminist Genealogy / Victoria Lamont -- The Persistence of Western Women Writers / Cathryn Halverson -- Standpoint, Situated Knowledge, Feminist Wests / Krista Comer -- Part 2: Bodies -- "That's history. That's truth. I Seen It Myself": A Native American Slave Narrative / Jean Pfaelzer -- Disturbing the Peace: Genre, Gender, Jurisdiction, and Justice in the Short Fiction of Ruth Muskrat Bronson / Kirby Brown -- Native Mother, Daughter, and Granddaughter: The Murder of Savanna Greywind and the Abduction of Haisley Jo Greywind / Liza Black -- Popular Indigenous Women Performers, Wild West Scenarios, and Relations of Looking / Christine Bold -- The Absent Native Body in Film and its Return / Jacob Floyd -- Extractive Masculinity: The Western's Precarious Male Bodies in the Anthropocene / Sylvan Goldberg -- Blood Tests in the Toxic Wests: Unsettling Settler Masculinities in John Carpenter's The Thing / Joshua T. Anderson -- The Very Borderland of Our Act": The Queer West, Historical Violence, and the Intersectional Future / William R. Handley -- Genders and Sexualities Across the Asian North American West / Ryan Wander -- Part 3: Movements -- "Incalculable Evils": Policing Gender, Race, and the Family in the US West / Jayson Gonzales Sae-Saue -- Writing the Rails in Edith Eaton's West / Jennifer S. Tuttle -- Black Women Writers Reclaiming Western Literature: Regionalism and Historical Fiction in the 1990s / Kalenda Eaton -- What about the Ingalls? What about La Casa de la Pradera?: The Reception of Little House on the Prairie in Spain / Amaia Ibarraran -- Gender and the Global West: Movements, Belonging, Exclusions / Susan Kollin -- In-Between Kumeyaay and Brooklyn: Mapping Queer Indigenous Memory, Affect, and Futurity in Tommy Pico's IRL / Ho'esta Mo'e'hahne -- Fierce Mariposa Warriors / Daniel Enrique Pe̹rez -- Queer Indigenous Feminism: Unsettling 'Gender' as a Decolonizing Methodology / Alicia Carroll -- Part 4: Lands -- The Alternative Archive and Gendered Dispossession / Karen R. Roybal -- Reshaping Texas: Kimberly Garza's Short Fiction and the Gulf of Mexico / T. Jackie Cuevas -- Colonialism and Gendered Violence in the Grassy, Bloody West / Amy T. Hamilton -- "Ghastly Whiteness": Ecofascism and Indigenous Ecofeminism on Cogewea's Frontier / April Anson -- A Crowded Wilderness: Women, Homemaking, and Federal Bureaucracies in the American Southwest, 1920-1968 / Nancy Cook -- What Is a Feminist Landscape? A Vocabulary for Re-visioning Place in the U.S. West / Audrey Goodman -- Gesturing Towards the Sacred: Los Angeles, Queer Lands and Bodies in Hector Silva's 'Los Hijos de Don̳a Rita" / Eddy Francisco Alvarez Jr. -- "Land Back" Beyond Repatriation: Restoring Indigenous Land Relationships / Lindsey Schneider
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Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
Part 1: Genealogies -- Mountains and Valleys of Difference: Traces of Language on the Land / Margaret Noodin -- Re-inscribing a Woman Writer into the West: Sor Mari̹a de Jesu̹s de A̹greda and the Laterality of Legend / Anna M. Nogar -- Drifting Across Lines in the Sand: Unsettled Records and the Restoration of Cultural Memories in Indigenous California / Luhui Whitebear -- More than One Story: Gender, Region, and the American West in Japanese American Literature / Florence D. Amamoto -- Yosemite Climbing Films and the Regeneration of White Masculinity in the American West / Peter L. Bayers -- Ivan Doig's "Geography of Risk" and Legacies of Selfhood in Contemporary White Western Men's Memoir / Linda Karell -- The Popular Western in Print: A Feminist Genealogy / Victoria Lamont -- The Persistence of Western Women Writers / Cathryn Halverson -- Standpoint, Situated Knowledge, Feminist Wests / Krista Comer -- Part 2: Bodies -- "That's history. That's truth. I Seen It Myself": A Native American Slave Narrative / Jean Pfaelzer -- Disturbing the Peace: Genre, Gender, Jurisdiction, and Justice in the Short Fiction of Ruth Muskrat Bronson / Kirby Brown -- Native Mother, Daughter, and Granddaughter: The Murder of Savanna Greywind and the Abduction of Haisley Jo Greywind / Liza Black -- Popular Indigenous Women Performers, Wild West Scenarios, and Relations of Looking / Christine Bold -- The Absent Native Body in Film and its Return / Jacob Floyd -- Extractive Masculinity: The Western's Precarious Male Bodies in the Anthropocene / Sylvan Goldberg -- Blood Tests in the Toxic Wests: Unsettling Settler Masculinities in John Carpenter's The Thing / Joshua T. Anderson -- The Very Borderland of Our Act": The Queer West, Historical Violence, and the Intersectional Future / William R. Handley -- Genders and Sexualities Across the Asian North American West / Ryan Wander -- Part 3: Movements -- "Incalculable Evils": Policing Gender, Race, and the Family in the US West / Jayson Gonzales Sae-Saue -- Writing the Rails in Edith Eaton's West / Jennifer S. Tuttle -- Black Women Writers Reclaiming Western Literature: Regionalism and Historical Fiction in the 1990s / Kalenda Eaton -- What about the Ingalls? What about La Casa de la Pradera?: The Reception of Little House on the Prairie in Spain / Amaia Ibarraran -- Gender and the Global West: Movements, Belonging, Exclusions / Susan Kollin -- In-Between Kumeyaay and Brooklyn: Mapping Queer Indigenous Memory, Affect, and Futurity in Tommy Pico's IRL / Ho'esta Mo'e'hahne -- Fierce Mariposa Warriors / Daniel Enrique Pe̹rez -- Queer Indigenous Feminism: Unsettling 'Gender' as a Decolonizing Methodology / Alicia Carroll -- Part 4: Lands -- The Alternative Archive and Gendered Dispossession / Karen R. Roybal -- Reshaping Texas: Kimberly Garza's Short Fiction and the Gulf of Mexico / T. Jackie Cuevas -- Colonialism and Gendered Violence in the Grassy, Bloody West / Amy T. Hamilton -- "Ghastly Whiteness": Ecofascism and Indigenous Ecofeminism on Cogewea's Frontier / April Anson -- A Crowded Wilderness: Women, Homemaking, and Federal Bureaucracies in the American Southwest, 1920-1968 / Nancy Cook -- What Is a Feminist Landscape? A Vocabulary for Re-visioning Place in the U.S. West / Audrey Goodman -- Gesturing Towards the Sacred: Los Angeles, Queer Lands and Bodies in Hector Silva's 'Los Hijos de Don̳a Rita" / Eddy Francisco Alvarez Jr. -- "Land Back" Beyond Repatriation: Restoring Indigenous Land Relationships / Lindsey Schneider
Machine generated contents note: Foreword xi -- Steven C. Rockefeller -- Introduction xv -- Peter Miller and Laura Westra -- Part 1 Valuing the Earth -- Introduction to Part 1 3 -- A New Global Covenant -- I The Earth Charter 9 -- 2 The Earth Charter: An Ethical Framework for Sustainable Living 17 -- Fayen d'Evie and Steven M. Glass -- 3 The Earth Charter Principles: Source for an Ethics of Universal -- Responsibility 26 -- Abelardo Brenes -- 4 The Earth Charter as a New Covenant for Democracy 37 -- J. Ronald Engel -- 5 Ecofeminism, Integrity, and the Earth Charter: A Critical Analysis 53 -- Victoria Davion -- Humanistic Values and the Earth Charter -- 6 A Pragmatic Focus on Humans 61 -- Julia J. Bartkowiak -- 7 Human Values as a Source for Sustaining the Environment 69 -- Naomi Zack -- 8 The Earth Charter, Servant-Leadership, and Philosophy: Valuing the -- Earth by Implementing Ideals 74 -- Rubye Howard Braye and Ruth Miller Lucier -- Measuring Progress and Decline -- 9 Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) Accounting: Relating Ecological -- Integrity to Human Health and Well-Being 83 -- Mark Anielski and Colin L. Soskolne -- 10 Understanding the Consequences of Human Actions: Indicators from -- GNP to IBI 98 -- James R. Karr -- Part 2 People in Ecosystems: Reciprocal Impacts and -- Human Responsibilities -- Introduction to Part 2 113 -- Sustainable Agriculture and the Human Prospect -- 11 The Future of Human Populations: Energy, Food, and Water -- Availability in the Twenty-First Century 119 -- Clive A. Edwards and David Pimentel -- 12 Impacts of Milk and Meat on People and the Planet 140 -- Robert Goodland -- 13 Integrity and Sustainability of Natural and Man-Made Ecosystems 155 -- Lech Ryszkowski -- Addressing the Destruction in Production -- 14 Gold, Cyanide, and Fish in the River of Life and Death 167 -- Imre Ldzdr and Emese Kiss -- 15 The Planetary Life Crisis: Its Systemic Cause and Ground of -- Resolution 180 -- John McMurtry -- 16 Global Consumption in the New Millennium 193 -- Patricia H. Werhane and Mary A. Hamilton -- 17 What Practical Difference Would the Adoption of the Earth Charter -- Mean to the Resolution of Global Warming Issues? 205 -- Don Brown -- Part 3 Justice, Conflict, and the Preservation of Nature -- Introduction to Part 3 217 -- What Is Environmental Justice? -- 18 Socially Just Eco-Integrity: Getting Clear on the Concept 221 -- William E. Rees -- 19 The Fair Distribution of Environmental Goods 243 -- Janos I. T6th -- 20 A Stakeholder-Based Approach to Environmental Justice Using -- Geographical Information Systems (GIS) 252 -- Garrick E. Louis and Luna M. Magpili -- Case Studies: Conflict, Risk, and the Preservation of Nature -- 21 Violence and the Environment in Colombia: Questions Regarding -- Environmental Ethics 269 -- Luis Alberto Camargo and Vicky Castillo -- 22 Ethics and Risks in Building a Cyclotron 284 -- Sonia Ftacnikova -- 23 The Tactics of Forest Preservation: Authenticity and Rhetoric in -- Poland's Bialowieza Forest Preserve 294 -- Eunice Blavascunas -- 24 Can Corcovado National Park in Costa Rica Be Saved? How to Apply -- the Principles of the Earth Charter 303 -- Paul T. Durbin -- 25 Gendered Resistance to Corporate Environmentalism and -- Debt-for-Nature Swaps in Costa Rica 311 -- Ana Isla and Terisa E. Turner -- About the Contributors 323
Este artigo reflete sobre o que vem sendo coletivizado e publicizado pelo Movimento de Mulheres Indígenas no Brasil, por meio uma pedagogia política que dialoga diretamente com movimentos e lutas de caráter mais geral e com pautas e agendas como o Bem Viver, o decrescimento, a desglobalização (nomeando o capitalismo) assim como se apropria do feminismo – pautando ecofeminismos e feminismos comunitários (nomeando o patriarcado). As mulheres indígenas dialogam assim com pilares importantes do pensamento decolonial na América Latina pautando desigualdades de raça, etnia e gênero. Conversam também com as ideias de Mãe Terra e de Pedagogia da Terra pautando movimentos anti-antropocêntrico pela nossa casa comum. Me interesso menos sobre seus regimes ontológicos particulares (que poderíamos chamar de cultura) e mais sobre a decisão política de quais aspectos destas "culturas" podem ser alavancados para construir alianças políticas. Histórias sobre adoecimento e sobre pandemias continuadas, mas também sobre o reencantamento pela vida: sobre coisas que ignoramos como coletividade colonial. Nas palavras das mulheres indígenas, sobre indigenizar e reflorestar corações.Mulheres Indígenas. Corpo-território. Bem Viver. Decolonização. Pluralismo.ABSTRACTThis article reflects on what has been publicized by the Movement of Indigenous Women in Brazil, through a political pedagogy that dialogues directly with movements and struggles of a more general character and with agendas such as "good living" (Buen Vivir), degrowth, deglobalization (pointing out capitalism), as well as feminism – addressing ecofeminism and community feminism (pointing out patriarchy). Indigenous women are, therefore, in dialogue with important pillars of decolonial thought in Latin America based on race, ethnicity and gender inequalities. They are also in dialogue with the ideas of Mother Earth and 'Land as Pedagogy' ('Land-based Pedagogy') following an anti-anthropocentric movement in favor of our common home. This article is less about their particular ontological regimes (which we could call culture) and more about the political decision of which aspects of these "cultures" can be leveraged in order to build political alliances. It concerns stories about illnesses and continued pandemics, but also about the re-enchantment for life: about things we ignore as a colonial collectivity. In the words of indigenous women, it's about indigenizing and reforesting hearts.Indigenous Women. Body-territory. Buen Vivir (Good living). Decolonization. Pluralism. RESUMENEste artículo reflexiona sobre lo que ha sido colectivizado y publicitado por el Movimiento de Mujeres Indígenas en Brasil, a través de una pedagogía política que dialoga directamente con movimientos y luchas de carácter más general y con agendas y agendas como Bem Viver, decrecimiento, desglobalización. (nombrando capitalismo) así como apropiándose del feminismo - guiando ecofeminismos y feminismos comunitarios (nombrando patriarcado). Las mujeres indígenas dialogan así con importantes pilares del pensamiento descolonial en América Latina basado en las desigualdades de raza, etnia y género. También hablan de las ideas de la Madre Tierra y la Pedagogía de la Tierra, guiando los movimientos anti-antropocéntricos a través de nuestra casa común. Estoy menos interesado en sus regímenes ontológicos particulares (que podríamos llamar cultura) y más en la decisión política de qué aspectos de estas "culturas" pueden aprovecharse para construir alianzas políticas. Historias sobre enfermedades y pandemias continuas, pero también sobre el reencanto por la vida: sobre cosas que ignoramos como colectividad colonial. En palabras de mujeres indígenas, sobre indigenizar y reforestar corazones.Mujeres Indígenas. Territorio del cuerpo. Bueno, vive. Descolonización. Pluralismo.
La crisis ecológica que asola la sociedad, evidenciada más si cabe por el covid-19, exige de una mayor concienciación y crítica por parte de la ciudadanía, capaz de comprender y oponerse a la lógica moderna que ha producido pandemia, desde la forma de relación entre la especie humana y la naturaleza, hasta los patrones de correspondencia que mantenemos entre nosotros. Frente a la connivencia del modelo de producción capitalista, este artículo pretende adentrarse en la lógica del escepticismo climático, abordar su crítica y subrayar la necesidad de mitigarlo desde una educación que, acorde a los derechos humanos, permita una ciudadanía crítica. Una propuesta que implica pasar de la concienciación y empatía con las generaciones venideras a la crítica del sistema capitalista y, finalmente, a una acción educativa abierta, capaz de abarcar distintos modelos como el ecofeminismo. Palabras clave: responsabilidad política; educación para la sostenibilidad; negacionismo ecológico; escepticismo ambiental; formación de educadores. Ethical postulates for an ecologist didactics in the classroom. Against "ecological skepticism": an educational responsibility, political responsibility Abstract: The ecological crisis that plagues society, further evidenced by the covid 19 demand for greater awareness and criticism by citizens, capable of understanding and opposing the modern logic that has produced a pandemic, from the form of relationship between the human species and nature down to the patterns of correspondence between us. Faced with the concomitance of the capitalist production model, this article aims to delve into the logic of skepticism of climate change to address its criticism and demonstrate the need for training. A proposal that implies moving from awareness and empathy with future generations to criticism of the capitalist system and, finally, to an open educational action, capable of encompassing different models such as ecofeminism. Keywords: political responsibility; education for sustainibality; ecological negationism; environmental skepticism; training of educators. ; La crisis ecológica que asola la sociedad, evidenciada más si cabe por el covid-19, exige de una mayor concienciación y crítica por parte de la ciudadanía, capaz de comprender y oponerse a la lógica moderna que ha producido pandemia, desde la forma de relación entre la especie humana y la naturaleza, hasta los patrones de correspondencia que mantenemos entre nosotros. Frente a la connivencia del modelo de producción capitalista, este artículo pretende adentrarse en la lógica del escepticismo climático, abordar su crítica y subrayar la necesidad de mitigarlo desde una educación que, acorde a los derechos humanos, permita una ciudadanía crítica. Una propuesta que implica pasar de la concienciación y empatía con las generaciones venideras a la crítica del sistema capitalista y, finalmente, a una acción educativa abierta, capaz de abarcar distintos modelos como el ecofeminismo. Palabras clave: responsabilidad política; educación para la sostenibilidad; negacionismo ecológico; escepticismo ambiental; formación de educadores. Resumo: A crise ecológica que assola a sociedade, evidenciada ainda pela covid-19, exige maior consciência e crítica por parte dos cidadãos, capazes de compreender e se opor à lógica moderna que tem produzido uma pandemia, a partir da forma de relacionamento entre a espécie humana e a natureza aos padrões de correspondência entre nós. Diante da concomitância do modelo de produção capitalista, este artigo tem como objetivo aprofundar a lógica do ceticismo em relação às mudanças climáticas para responder às suas críticas e demonstrar a necessidade de capacitação. Para este propósito, abordamos o ecofeminismo como oposição à cultura expansiva do "quanto mais melhor" e sua possibilidade educacional como modelo crítico com a aceitação das regras do jogo concebidas pela sociedade capitalista e participativa. Palavras-chave: responsabilidade política; educação para sustentabilidade; negação ecológica; ceticismo ambiental; formação de educadores.
Wie kann ein Umbau technischer Geräte, von Prozessen und Infrastrukturen aus einer Postwachstumsperspektive aussehen? Mit dem Ansatz der konvivialen Technik stellt die Autorin eine empirische Technikethik vor, die sie durch ethnographische Erkundungen in der Technikproduktion sowie die Sichtung historischer Quellen zu "alternativer" Technik entwickelt hat. Anhand der Beispiele Komposttoilette und Lastenfahrrad arbeitet sie die zentralen Kriterien für eine postwachstumstaugliche Technikbewertung aus: Verbundenheit, Zugänglichkeit, Anpassungsfähigkeit, Bio-Interaktivität und Angemessenheit.
Formata dal movimento dei ghiacciai quaternari, la Valle di Susa è una valle alpina nel Nord Ovest italiano. Luminoso esempio di "materia narrante", è anche terreno di scontro tra iniziative conservazionistiche e progetti infrastrutturali transnazionali. Il progetto dell'alta velocità-capacità ferroviaria, o TAV, è stato oggetto di dure critiche. Dagli anni Novanta, grandi mobilitazioni riunite sotto il vessillo No TAV dalla valle si sono estese all'intero territorio nazionale. Parallelamente, il TAV gode l'appoggio bipartisan delle forze politiche. Diversi progetti preliminari sono stati stracciati nel tentativo di sedare un conflitto quasi trentennale con le comunità locali, un conflitto che buona parte della popolazione descrive come "resistenza", riallacciandosi all'epopea partigiana contro la piaga nazista. Il 28 luglio 2017, il Movimento No TAV ha annunciato il rinvenimento della sgargiante Zerynthia polyxena presso il torrente Clarea. Questa farfalla è inserita nella Direttiva Habitat, adottata dall'Unione europea nel 1992 per promuovere la tutela della biodiversità. Tuttavia, l'area è stata scelta come nuovo sito di cantiere da TELT, Promotore Pubblico responsabile della realizzazione e gestione della sezione transfrontaliera della futura linea Torino-Lyon. La notizia offre una lettura inedita del rapporto fra umano, tecnologia e ambiente in un contesto di altissima tensione economica e sociale quale è la Val di Susa. Nell'Ecuba, Euripide racconta che Polissena, principessa troiana, preferì farsi uccidere piuttosto che diventare schiava. La vicenda di Polissena è il cavallo di legno che introduce nel dibattito sul progetto del TAV l'assunto per cui "la liberazione della natura così ardentemente desiderata dagli ambientalisti non potrà mai essere pienamente ottenuta senza la liberazione della donna" (Gaard). Una nuova possibilità per il Movimento No TAV di far sentire la propria voce sarà illuminando la verità che il corpo della Terra e i corpi delle donne sono un unico corpo soggiogato e subordinato all'uomo, vittime dello stesso pregiudizio, quello di essere predisposti a uno scopo: compiacere, nutrire, servire. Ho ripercorso una china che va da La Dea Bianca di Robert Graves alla stregoneria al fascismo, guidato da alcune eroine letterarie. Coniugando idealmente l'ecofemminismo alla teoria designata da Edward Lorenz, battendo le ali Polissena può davvero scatenare un uragano. Abstract Formed by the movement of large ice sheets during the Quaternary glaciations, the Susa Valley is an alpine site in northwestern Italy. It is a luminous example of "storied matter," but it is also a battlefield between visions of wild nature and the plans of "crossnational" infrastructures. The planned TAV (Treno Alta Velocità, or high-speed train) line has been the source of heavy criticism: since the 1990s, an intense mobilization has spread from the valley all across Italy under the banner of the "No TAV" movement. The TAV project has since enjoyed unwavering political support from the members of parliament, right-wing and left-wing alike. Several preliminary drafts have been overturned in the attempt to quell a three-decades–long clash with the communities, a clash that most of the local people depict as "resistance," latching on to the partisans' epic stories of endurance against the Nazi scourge that took place in the valley. On July 28, 2017, the No TAV movement announced the discovery of the rare and striking butterfly Zerynthia polyxena, among the rare, threatened, or endemic species in the European Union listed in the Habitat Directive adopted in 1992. Yet, the area has been chosen as the new construction site by the company entrusted with the management of the cross-border section of the high-speed railway line between Turin and Lyon (a.k.a. TELT). This piece of news provides an original point of view to address the relationship between human and non-human agencies in a context of economic and social tension such as the Susa Valley. In this paper, I compare contemporary circumstances in the valley to the ancient Greek myth of Polyxena. In the tragedy Hecuba, the dramatist Euripides describes Polyxena as the Trojan princess who prefers to kill herself rather than become a slave. Hence, the butterfly that carries her name might become a Trojan horse enshrining the idea that "the liberation of nature so ardently desired by environmentalists will not be fully effected without the liberation of women" (G. Gaard). Combining various critical strains within the Environmental Humanities–from ecofeminism and biosemiotics to environmental history and new materialism–I suggest that richer, more encompassing narratives will be generated only when the similar fate of subjugation experienced by non-human bodies and the bodies of women will be more widely recognized. I carve a meandering spatio-temporal narrative path that goes from Robert Graves' The White Goddess to witch trials and fascism, attempting to follow an erratic fluttering pattern amongst the voices of literature. It is the very slanted figure eight pattern that Polyxena makes with its wings, and by which, according to the theory designated by Edward Lorenz, a hurricane could grow, bringing alternative world visions.Resumen Formado por el movimiento de grandes capas de hielo durante las glaciaciones cuaternarias, el valle de Susa es un enclave alpino en el noroeste de Italia. Es un ejemplo luminoso de "materia narrada", pero también es un campo de batalla entre las visiones de la naturaleza salvaje y los planes de las infraestructuras "transnacionales". La línea TAV ("Treno Alta Velocità" o tren de alta velocidad) ha sido objeto de fuertes críticas: desde la década de 1990 se ha extendido en toda Italia una intensa movilización bajo el lema del movimiento "No TAV". Desde entonces, el proyecto TAV ha gozado de un apoyo político inquebrantable por parte de los miembros del parlamento, tanto de derecha como de izquierda. Varios proyectos preliminares han sido revocados en un intento de sofocar un enfrentamiento de tres décadas con las comunidades, un choque que la mayoría de la población local concibe como "resistencia", con referencia a las épicas historias de resistencia de los partisanos contra el flagelo nazi que tuvo lugar en el valle. El 28 de julio de 2017, el movimiento No TAV anunció el descubrimiento de la sorprendente mariposa Zerynthia polyxena, entre las especies raras, amenazadas o endémicas de la Unión Europea, enumeradas en la Directiva Hábitat adoptada en 1992. Sin embargo, el lugar ha sido elegido como el nuevo sitio de construcción por la empresa encargada de la gestión del tramo transfronterizo de la línea ferroviaria de alta velocidad entre Turín y Lyon (también conocido como TELT). Esta noticia proporciona un punto de vista original para abordar la relación entre los seres humanos y el medio ambiente en un contexto de tensión económica y social como el Valle de Susa. En este artículo, comparo las circunstancias contemporáneas en el valle con el antiguo mito griego de Políxena. En la tragedia Hécuba, el dramaturgo Eurípides describe a Políxena como la princesa troyana que prefiere suicidarse antes que ser una esclava. Por lo tanto, la mariposa que lleva su nombre podría convertirse en un caballo de Troya que consagre la idea de que "la liberación de la naturaleza tan ardientemente deseada por los ecologistas no se realizará completamente sin la liberación de las mujeres" (G. Gaard). Combinando varias tendencias críticas dentro de las ciencias humanas ambientales—desde el ecofeminismo y la biosemiótica hasta la historia ambiental y los nuevos materialismos—sugiero que se generarán narrativas más ricas e incluyentes sólo cuando el destino similar de subyugación experimentado por cuerpos no humanos y cuerpos de mujeres sea más ampliamente reconocido. Trazo una ruta narrativa espacio-temporal serpenteante que va desde La Diosa Blanca de Robert Graves hasta los juicios de brujas y el fascismo, tratando de seguir un patrón de aleteo errático entre las voces de la literatura. Es el patrón inclinado de la figura de ocho que hace Políxena con sus alas, y por obra del cual, de acuerdo con la teoría designada por Edward Lorenz, un huracán podría crecer, trayendo visiones alternativas del mundo.
The article aims to describe and analyse international relations debates, focusing on the contributions that feminisms make to the field as one of the dissident currents and reflectivist approaches -especially in its postcolonial/decolonial formulations. The methodology used is qualitative, and a specific bibliography is reviewed in order to examine the current discussions in the discipline, the confrontations within feminisms in IR, as well as their contributions. Moreover, we will look at the revision that Latin American and Caribbean decolonial feminism has instigated, considering the importance of intersectionality for expanding disciplinary boundaries. The text is articulated around the following questions: What debates run through the contemporary disciplinary field? What do the approaches of feminisms, within this framework, question and propose? What methodologies and notions do they introduce in IR studies? Which contributions are made by Latin American and Caribbean feminism? Thus, specific methodological and epistemological issues illuminated by feminisms in IR, such as the body politics,the micropolitics approach, and the focus on everyday practices,are given particular consideration. Solomon & Steele (2016) affirm that it "is only now — with increasing shifts to the micro — that academic IR has begun to (re)discover the lives and people of global politics, and to breathe life back into a field that grand theory mostly neglected". Every life of any person around the world should be recognized; there is no international system or society without the actions and practices of ordinary people. In this regard, feminisms have been key introductions into the field of IR, along with poststructuralism and postcolonialism, which are regular research instruments in disciplines like anthropology or sociology. For instance, ethnographic studies or participant observation are techniques that support the turns and innovations mentioned above. This framework is fundamental to make gender differences visible from an intersectional perspective. Postcolonial/decolonial feminism concentrates their studies on that difference, especially considering its links with other inequalities and concrete oppressions: e.g. in relation to race, ethnicity, religion, class, and nationality. In Latin America and the Caribbean, this perspective takes on an added relevance, and gives rise in this text to the problematization of its entanglement with human rights; the relationship between women, work and racialization; inequalities and violence; together with their links with global neoliberalism. In this respect, the article gives a comprehensive account of the main issues tackled by feminisms in the region, such as women's positions during the colonization period, and the multiple forms of violence related to their role. For instance, there is the importance of state responsibility in femicides, and the internal colonization and the neglect of diversity in national (plurinational) societies. These are performed by academia and social movements, particularly so in Western (white) feminist perspectives. The text is divided into three sections. Firstly, the framework of current IR debates is established, the differences between feminisms in IR and their classifications are described, and the theoretical contributions that these approaches have made to the discipline through methodological instruments such as micropolitics, corporeality and the practices of everyday life are elaborated. In the words of Enloe (2007, p.100) "Feminism is a multidimensional yet coherent worldview. Feminism is an achieved mosaic of understandings, yet it is still unfolding. […] feminism is a complex set of understandings about how power operates, how power is legitimized and how power is perpetuated". Regardless of which perspective within feminism is being highlighted, some fundamental common issues will appear: neoliberalism and patriarchy are two of them, but also violence against women, gender identities and rights, exploitation, public and private spheres distinctions, etc. Then, the particularities of decolonial feminisms in Latin America and the Caribbean, along with their intersectional look at the field, are discussed: the question of subalternity, difference and neoliberalism, the concrete forms they acquire in the Global South and in the region. Moreover, the relevance of the link between neoliberalism and patriarchy is brought into consideration as a research topic shared by different feminist perspectives. In this respect, we name some authors form the region that propose feminist genealogic studies (Ciriza, 2015; Parra, 2021). As Marchand (2013, p.64) explains, the opportunities of a young middle-class woman with a university education are greater than those of a 65-year-old indigenous man with little formal education and a peasant life. While obviously not in a dominant position in society and the labour market, the young woman still has a privileged position with respect to the indigenous. These differences are invisible in the rational mainstream, and also in liberal -and some socialist or poststructuralist- feminisms. Some particular research is mentioned to show how the body politics, micropolitical approaches, and the practice turn are effectively used in IR studies, with innovative techniques oriented towards ethnographic studies and participated action. For instance, the examination of global women (and gender diversities), migration and mobility are illuminated by focusing in particular case: women from Guerrero in Texas (Muñoz y Mendoza, 2018). Also, the incidences of sexual violence in the conflict in Guatemala is brought to light through the voices of the Maya women survivors and thanks to the research of Fulchiron (2016). This research emphasises the use of the femininized body as a war instrument. In addition, this paper mentions the contribution that Latin American and Caribbean feminisms have made to the field of human rights, especially through the participation in international organizations such as OAS and UN. (Barrancos, 2021; Chiarotti Boero, 2021) Considering all the above mentioned, we state that critical and intersectional feminisms allow us to think IR as a diverse field, with true planetary scope, and capable of recovering the importance of the well-being and daily lives of people. Finally, the conclusions are presented with possible relevant lines for future research (ecofeminism and the Latin American approaches to it). Dissident contributions in IR, in general, call into question the mainstream, giving rise in recent years to alternative, peripheral and silenced voices through postcolonial studies (decoloniality) and the feminisms, amongst others. These voices of difference generate discussion beyond hegemonic perspectives, producing key contributions for the continued interrogation of the discipline. These voices, for instance from Latin America and the Caribbean, draw on their own worldviews, along with traditional and popular knowledge. This assists in the promotion of new approaches and value situated, plural, intersectional and corporeized knowledges. ; El artículo se propone describir y analizar los debates en la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales (RRII), focalizando en los aportes que los feminismos hacen al campo como corriente disidente, y en especial, en sus vertientes postcoloniales/decoloniales. Con una metodología cualitativa, se revisa bibliografía específica que permite dar cuenta de las discusiones actuales en la disciplina, las confrontaciones al interior de los feminismos en RRII y sus contribuciones, y, en ese plano, se repasan los aportes propios del feminismo decolonial latinoamericano y caribeño, considerando el señalamiento sobre la interseccionalidad realizada por este. Así, se examinan cuestiones metodológicas y epistemológicas concretas como la cuestión del cuerpo, los estudios desde la micropolítica y el foco en las prácticas cotidianas de las personas, iluminadas por los feminismos en las RRII. Ese marco es fundamental para visibilizar las diferencias de género desde una perspectiva interseccional, que desde el feminismo postcolonial/decolonial se concentra en sus vínculos con otras desigualdades y opresiones (raza, origen, clase social, entre otras). En América Latina y el Caribe esta mirada adquiere una relevancia distintiva y da lugar en este escrito a la problematización de sus vínculos con los derechos humanos, con las desigualdades y las violencias, y sus articulaciones con el neoliberalismo transnacionalizado. El texto se divide en tres apartados: primero, en el marco de los debates actuales del campo de estudio, se revisan los aportes de los feminismos en las RRII y se describen las diferencias al interior de estos. En particular, se indican como contribuciones teórico-metodológicas de los enfoques feministas a las RRII aquellos estudios basados en la micropolítica, la corporeidad y las prácticas de la vida cotidiana. Luego, se tratan las particularidades de los feminismos decoloniales en América Latina y el Caribe y su mirada interseccional en el campo: la cuestión de la subalternidad, la diferencia, la inequidad y el neoliberalismo, las formas concretas que adquieren en el Sur Global y en la región. Por último, se presentan las conclusiones con posibles líneas relevantes para futuras investigaciones. Los aportes disidentes en las RRII, en general, ponen en cuestión la corriente principal, dando lugar en los últimos años a voces alternativas, periféricas y silenciadas a través de los estudios postcoloniales (decolonialidad) y los feminismos, entre otros. Son esas voces de la diferencia las que presentan discusión a las perspectivas hegemónicas, produciendo contribuciones claves para continuar pensando la disciplina; en América Latina y el Caribe esto se realiza desde cosmovisiones propias, que buscan amalgamar saberes tradicionales y populares, propiciar nuevos enfoques y valorizar un conocimiento situado, interseccional, plural y corporeizado.
La teóloga Mary Daly es conocida en España como feminista radical postcristiana. Se la califica de esta manera aunque prácticamente no se hayan estudiado ni traducido sus obras al castellano ni siquiera en los ámbitos de la filosofía de género (al abandonar la perspectiva del feminismo radical) o desde la teología (al ser categorizada la autora como postcristiana). Su propuesta de filosofía como cuerpo epistemológico propio (no como la filosofía del genitivo) permite el asentamiento de una ética que no depende directamente de Aristóteles o Kant (padres de la filosofía y moral clásica y moderna), aunque articule sus mejores intuiciones y métodos. Destacamos sobre todo la aportación de Daly al debate sobre la justicia clásica y moderna desde el nexo entre la ontología, la lingüística y la ética, donde muestra la imbricación de la teoría y praxis a través de la imagen de Némesis: una figura y un concepto prestado de la mitología griega. Némesis será clave para ofrecer una propuesta inclusiva de la visión feminista de la justicia de la representación y de la justicia del cuidado. Lo que se pretende conseguir en este trabajo es mostrar como la ética de Némesis sería el modelo de justicia en clave feminista, a partir de la narrativa de esta autora. Además, se muestra la visión del feminismo de la autora siguiendo un criterio filosofía y ética transversal propia, no fragmentada y común de las feministas. Se pretende resaltar la aportación innovadora de la autora al tratado ético feminista investigando de qué manera la estética irrumpe en la ética y por qué es tan importante para la reflexión feminista y para una recepción de la narrativa de Daly. Se muestra de qué forma Daly articula la ética y la estética en torno a la virtud de la justicia y como logra presentar la imagen de la diosa Némesis y su pertinencia para la renovación de la comprensión feminista de la justicia revisando las corrientes de esta categoría desde la ética tradicional. Se revisa también las corrientes de la ética feminista actual, en concreto la justicia de representación de Nancy Fraser, la justicia del cuidado de Carol Gilligan y el ecofeminismo, para mostrar sus afinidades y diferencias con respecto a la propuesta de Daly, situando a la autora en el contexto de la problemática y debate moderno y actual de la ética feminista valorando su aportación a la misma.Con la metodología bibliográfica se presenta con más detenimiento el aspecto ético que la autora estudia en profundidad dentro de su propio método interdisciplinar. Consideramos también que el método narrativo permite conectar la ética feminista con las éticas narrativas, es decir, mostrar cómo se plasman las historias orales y escritas o cómo se expresan por los individuos y grupos para definir su universo moral. La forma de contar historia muestra la forma de ser del que trasmite en cuanto agente moral y persona. Confiriendo a los autores y a los relatores la credibilidad epistemológica se moldean y mantienen las identidades. Entre las conclusiones más importantes, se han mostrado: o Las condiciones de posibilidad de estructurar una ética de la justicia feminista, a partir de la narrativa de Daly, en comparación con los fundamentos de la ética moderna: conectar la reflexión teológica clásica sobre la virtud de la justicia con la preocupación feminista por los nuevos lenguajes que representen las praxis liberadoras; utilizar un método ético que se basa en la ontología y semántica críticas de la justicia tradicional y con los marcos modernos de la misma. o La pertinencia del símbolo/figura y concepto Némesis para designar la orientación trasversal de la ética feminista como el cuerpo epistemológico propio, no fragmentado y común de las feministas. o El estado de cuestión con respecto a las corrientes de la ética feminista actual con atención también a los enfoques ecofeministas, para clarificar las categorías de comparación con las demás autoras, subrayar los aspectos novedosos del concepto de la justicia de Daly como Némesis con respecto, tanto a la visión clásica de la justicia, como desde el debate ético feminista actual entorno a la justicia de representación y del cuidado en el contexto de la igualdad y diferencia. o La aportación de la propuesta de Daly a las perspectivas feministas de la justicia que hacen de la ética de Daly una alternativa feminista al concepto tradicional de la justicia y proporcionan un marco global para fundamentar distintas corrientes de la ética feminista.Mary Daly presents the feminist ethics of justice based on the image of Nemesis. This paper makes an analysis of her books outlining a great progress that it implies for feminism and shows its contrasts and similarities with traditional and feminist´s ethics. Her innovation in ethics field bases on Nemesis as a model of justice that connects metaphysics and linguistics and concerns its Aristotelian roots on the contrary as the ethics of care and ethics of representation which base of modern ethics. Her philosophy presents its own epistemological body (unlike the philosophy of the genitive) and it allows the establishment of an ethics that does not depend directly on Aristotle or Kant (parents of classical and modern philosophy and morals), although it articulates their best intuitions and methods. The work aims to recover the memory of this thinker and her writings discovering her as the first woman doctor in theology in Europe and the United States, a pioneer and a writer who carries out a fruitful dialogue between philosophy and classical and feminist theology, with an innovative contribution to the ethical theory represented by Nemesis as an alternative image to the traditional virtue of justice. The aim is to highlight the author's innovative contribution to the feminist ethical treatise by investigating how aesthetics break into ethics and why it is so important for the feminist reflection and for a reception of Daly´s narrative. The objective achieved is also to show how Daly articulates ethics and aesthetics around the virtue of justice and how he manages to present the image of the goddess Nemesis and its relevance for the renewal of the feminist understanding of justice by reviewing the currents of this category from traditional ethics. Finally, we intend to review the currents of actual feminist ethics, specifically Nancy Fraser´s representation justice, Carol Gilligan´s justice of care and ecofeminism, to show their affinities and differences with respect to Daly´s proposal, situating the author in the context of the modern and current problematic and debate of feminist ethics, valuing her contribution to it. The bibliographical and interdisciplinary methodology is applied. Showing the sources of Daly`s thought and her influences and the narrative contexts, the ethical consequences of the use of the Nemesis metaphor, we will see how Daly´s ethical model is able to transform both a distorted tradition (history) and a moral content that allows liberating moral praxis.Our approach to Daly´s justice of the Nemesis is interdisciplinary and narrative. These methodology has been chosen to facilitate the understanding of the ethical principles of her work and to link the concept of Nemesis with different theoretical and practical areas: theology, ontology, semantics, politics and history, the existential, humanistic and experiential field of women, the ecological concern and utopia. Throughout the investigation we have shown: o The conditions of possibility of structuring an ethics of feminist justice, based on Daly´s narrative, in comparison with the foundations of modern ethics: connection of the classical theological reflection on the virtue of justice with a feminist concern for new languages that represent liberating praxis; use of an ethical method based on the critical ontology and semantics of traditional justice and its modern frameworks. o The relevance of the symbol/figure of Nemesis to designate the transversal orientation of feminist ethics as non-fragmented and common epistemological body of science. o The state of the question of the current feminist ethics with attention to the ecofeminist approaches, in odder to clarify the categories of comparison with the other authors, highlight the new aspects of Daly´s concept of justice as Nemesis with respect, both to the classic vision of justice, and from the current feminist ethical debate around the justice of representation and care in the context of equality and difference. o The contribution of Daly´s proposal to the feminist perspectives of justice that make Daly´s ethics a feminist alternative to the traditional concept of justice and provide a global framework to ground different currents of feminist ethics
Este trabajo de tesis doctoral, que tiene por objeto esencialmente la protección que el valor medio ambiente tiene en nuestro sistema constitucional, se estructura en cuatro capítulos que contextualizan dicha protección y que aportan elementos de aplicación concreta en el ámbito local y en las prácticas ciudadanas. Sus cuatro grandes bloques temáticos se inician con uno inicial que aborda el estudio de los aspectos internacionales de la protección del medio ambiente, que incluye la protección del medio ambiente a nivel universal, en particular las cumbres internacionales de Naciones Unidas sobre medio ambiente, desde la primera de 1992 hasta las celebradas en 2019 Nueva York y Madrid. Este capítulo primero también se centra en la Unión Europea, en sus diferentes programas de acción de los últimos cuarenta años, abordando también los últimos avances, en particular, la nueva normativa de la Unión Europea frente al cambio climático, o el Pacto Verde Europeo, uno de los ejes estratégicos de la nueva Comisión Europea para el período político 2019-2024. Por último, este capítulo inicial aborda la protección constitucional del medio ambiente en algunos Estados iberoamericanos (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, México, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Uruguay y Venezuela), y la importante Encíclica del Papa Francisco Laudado Si, de 2015, Sobre el Cuidado de la Casa Común. La parte central de la tesis doctoral se dedica al tratamiento que la constitución española de 1978 otorga al medio ambiente. Desde aspectos conceptuales previos, hasta la protección del medio ambiente como objetivo constitucional, pasando por el establecimiento normativo de sanciones penales derivadas de la protección constitucional del medio ambiente, la naturaleza de la protección del medio ambiente en nuestra Constitución o la obligación constitucional de conservar el medio ambiente como contenido del Estado social, con varias propuestas de reforma constitucional. También se aborda en esta parte central el reparto competencial entre el Estado y las Comunidades Autónomas de la materia medio ambiente, las competencias del Estado Español en materia ambiental, descendiendo a cuestiones concretas como la organización administrativa estatal, el Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica, así como instrumentos de planificación política como el Plan Nacional Integrado de Energía y Clima 2021-2030. En la parte final de este capítulo segundo se abordan cuestiones como las competencias de las Comunidades Autónomas en medio ambiente, la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional en relación la protección del medio ambiente, o el enfoque multinivel en la protección del medio ambiente, con un epígrafe dedicado al papel de los Ayuntamientos. El capítulo tercero se dedica a la protección del medio ambiente en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. En concreto, se abordan cuestiones como la protección del medio ambiente en el Estatuto de Autonomía para Andalucía, las competencias de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía en materia ambiental, normativa andaluza ambiental de desarrollo en materia de prevención y control ambiental, sobre calidad ambiental, sobre gestión del agua o la nueva ley andaluza frente al cambio climático, así como la organización política-administrativa de la gestión ambiental en Andalucía. Y en cuarto lugar, se aborda la parte experimental de la tesis doctoral, derivada de una amplia experiencia profesional, institucional, académica y ciudadana del autor en relación al objeto temático de la tesis doctoral. Bajo la denominación de "ciudadanía, participación y medio ambiente", se tratan cuestiones como el bien común medioambiental, la implicación de la ciudadanía en la protección del medio ambiente, las iniciativas ciudadanas en la ciudad de Córdoba en defensa del patrimonio común, la participación ciudadana en la gestión del medio ambiente, el movimiento universal de la juventud en defensa del medio ambiente (acción global los viernes por el futuro), ecofeminismo, o la cooperación del poder local con la ciudadanía en la aplicación de políticas concretas de protección del medio ambiente. En la parte final de este esencial capítulo de la tesis doctoral se incorpora la experiencia de la ciudad de Córdoba en la protección del medio ambiente, en particular la experiencia en la gestión de los residuos urbanos en la Ciudad de Córdoba en la que el autor estuvo vinculado durante varios años como responsable de gestión municipal, la labor educativa del Instituto Municipal de Gestión Medioambiental de Córdoba, la iniciativa ciudadana por el Parque Natural Sierra Morena de Córdoba o el foro ciudadano por el derecho a la ciudad, iniciativas ciudadanas en las que el autor ha participado activa y directamente. Entre las conclusiones del trabajo, destacan algunas de reforma constitucional, otras de acciones públicas concretas, ya sean legislativas o de implementación de políticas públicas, así como de impulso desde la sociedad civil de iniciativas ciudadanas de cuidado del bien común medio ambiental. En la última de las conclusiones, la trigésima, el autor plantea la oportunidad de que, en este final de década del siglo XXI, pudiera surgir el "Estado ecologista", como una profundización y especial compromiso del Estado social. La estructura estatal, como organización racional del poder político, que empezó siendo un Estado liberal de Derecho, que evolucionó hacia el Estado democrático y, finalmente, pensando en el bienestar material general, llegó a ser un Estado social en el siglo XX, quizá en la tercera década del presente siglo, esa estructura política Estado ha de pensar en el entorno de vida que nos rodea, con carácter transversal y prioritario, y convertirse así, en una cuarta dimensión, en un "Estado ecologista". La tesis incluye, finalmente, un anexo documental con los hechos históricos 1901-2019 sobre movilidad urbana y cambio climático a nivel global, en España y en Córdoba, otro con datos básicos del medio ambiente en Andalucía, un tercero con normativa ambiental de Andalucía, otro con normativa ambiental de España, y uno final con modelos de escritos a la Administración en temas ambientales, así como un amplio apartado de bibliografía y de fuentes de información electrónicas. ; This doctoral thesis work, which essentially aims at the protection that the environmental value has in our constitutional system, is structured in four chapters that contextualize said protection and that provide elements of concrete application at the local level and in citizen practices. Its four major thematic blocks begin with an initial one that addresses the study of international aspects of environmental protection, which includes the protection of the environment at a universal level, in particular the United Nations international summits on the environment, from the first of 1992 until those held in 2019 New York and Madrid. This first chapter also focuses on the European Union, in its different action programs of the last forty years, also addressing the latest developments, in particular, the new European Union regulations on climate change, or the European Green Pact, One of the strategic axes of the new European Commission for the 2019-2024 political period. Finally, this initial chapter deals with the constitutional protection of the environment in some Latin American states (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela), and the important Encyclical of Pope Francisco Laudado Si, of 2015, About the Care of the Common House. The central part of the doctoral thesis is dedicated to the treatment that the Spanish constitution of 1978 gives to the environment. From previous conceptual aspects, to the protection of the environment as a constitutional objective, through the normative establishment of penal sanctions derived from the constitutional protection of the environment, the nature of the protection of the environment in our Constitution or the constitutional obligation to preserve the environment as content of the social State, with several proposals for constitutional reform In this central part, the competence distribution between the State and the Autonomous Communities of the environment, the competences of the Spanish State in environmental matters, descending to specific issues such as the state administrative organization, the Ministry for Ecological Transition, as well as as instruments of political planning such as the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030. In the final part of this second chapter, issues such as the competences of the Autonomous Communities in the environment, the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court in relation to the protection of the environment, or the multilevel approach to environmental protection are addressed, with a dedicated heading to the role of the Town Halls The third chapter is dedicated to the protection of the environment in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. Specifically, issues such as environmental protection are addressed in the Statute of Autonomy for Andalusia, the competences of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia in environmental matters, Andalusian environmental regulations for environmental prevention and control, on environmental quality, on water management or the new Andalusian law against climate change, as well as the politicaladministrative organization of environmental management in Andalusia. And fourthly, the experimental part of the doctoral thesis is approached, derived from a broad professional, institutional, academic and citizen experience of the author in relation to the thematic object of the doctoral thesis. Under the name of "citizenship, participation and environment", issues such as the common environmental good, the involvement of citizens in the protection of the environment, citizen initiatives in the city of Córdoba in defense of the common heritage, participation are discussed citizen in environmental management, the universal youth movement in defense of the environment (global action on Friday for the future), ecofeminism, or the cooperation of local power with citizens in the application of concrete environmental protection policies environment. In the final part of this essential chapter of the doctoral thesis, the experience of the city of Córdoba is incorporated into the protection of the environment, in particular the experience in the management of urban waste in the City of Córdoba in which the author was linked for several years as responsible for municipal management, the educational work of the Municipal Institute of Environmental Management of Córdoba, the citizen initiative for the Sierra Morena Natural Park of Córdoba or the citizen forum for the right to the city, citizen initiatives in which the Author has participated actively and directly. Among the conclusions of the work, some of the constitutional reform, others of concrete public actions, whether legislative or the implementation of public policies, as well as the promotion from civil society of citizen initiatives for the care of the common environmental good stand out. In the last of the conclusions, the thirtieth, the author raises the opportunity that, in this end of the decade of the 21st century, the "Ecological State" could emerge, as a deepening and special commitment of the social State. The state structure, as a rational organization of political power, which began as a liberal State of Law, which evolved into the democratic State and, finally, thinking about general material welfare, became a social State in the twentieth century, perhaps in In the third decade of the present century, that political structure of the State must think about the environment of life that surrounds us, with a transversal and priority nature, and thus become, in a fourth dimension, an "Ecological State". The thesis includes, finally, a documentary annex with the historical events 1901-2019 on urban mobility and climate change at a global level, in Spain and in Córdoba, another with basic data of the environment in Andalusia, a third with environmental regulations of Andalusia, another with environmental regulations in Spain, and a final one with written models to the Administration on environmental issues, as well as a large section of bibliography and electronic sources of information.
