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"Originally published in 1988. The National Development Centre for School Management Training was established in Bristol University Department of Education in September 1983. Funded by the DES, the Centre worked both with the providers of management training -universities, polytechnics and colleges of higher education and with the clients -the local education authorities. This symposium, containing contributions that demonstrate the considerable strides made in management training in the Centres first three years, highlights the importance of the partnerships that developed. "--Provided by publisher.

The Definition of Debt Management : Fiscal deficits have become much larger and more widespread than they were. The budget deficit dominates economic policy discussion in the mid - 1980's. Today, there is not a country whether developed or developing without a fiscal defict (In east Eurepean Countries also). Debt is a major government revenue source these days and borrwing is an alternative to*taxation in the short run. But the consequences of government borrowing are different at home and abroad. Because the two forms of finance have different characteristics. There is also another difference of finance for developed and developing countries

"This paper surveys and compares national experience with performance management in European public employment services (PES) in the form of 'management by objectives' (MBO). Part I of this paper reviews the relevant performance management literature and defines key terms. Part II presents the results of a stocktaking survey of the use of operational objectives, performance indicators, benchmarking and related managerial practices in all 15 EU member states and Norway. Part III reports the results of a comparative analysis and more in-depth assessment of national experience with management by objectives in Austria, France, Great Britain, and Sweden. Part IV summarizes principal findings and presents main conclusions. Ten of the eighteen PES organizations surveyed were found to use management by objectives: Austria, Denmark, the Flanders regional PES (VDAB) in Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. In summary, the impact of MBO-systems depends strongly on design and implementation features. If based on principles of 'good-practice', MBO can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of PES operations." (author's abstract)