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Notes on the Distribution of Labor in a Social Sciences Data Information Network

The United States is a strikingly mobile nation. Every year almost 20 percent of its population changes residence and about 45 percent moves at least once every five years. Relocation, however, can be a stressful life experience which impacts physical and emotional health and family life. Although there has been extensive research on the role of social support in moderating stress, there has been little attention in the literature to the way in which networks naturally evolve and change over time. This study of newly relocated adults describes the early development of social networks. Two structured interviews were completed three months apart. Although an increase in levels of intimacy occurred over time, the new networks were in transition and unstable. Newcomers received minimal social support even after several months and were increasingly dissatisfied with friendships. Implications for clinical practice and employee assistance programs are discussed.

Bott a défini le reseau social comme etant un ensemble de relations sociales qui ne possèdent pas de frontieres communes. Par ailleurs personne ne s'est préoccupée d'explorer les réepercussions qu'engendrent cette connexion entre ces deux concepts. En se basant sur la définition Wéberienne d'une relation sociale ou interper‐sonnelle (m), il devient évident qu'essentiellement c'est une orientation mutuelle entre deux individus; c'est une pérception subjective ou une predisposition. Les conséquences logiques de cette observation par rapport au réseau social sont examinées. On arrive à la conclusion que les réseaux sont aussi des modeles sub‐jectifs et, par voie de consequence, ils possedent le pouvoir de guider la conduite dans une situation sociale.Bott has defined social network as a set of social relationships for which there is no common boundary. Yet, no one has ever bothered to explore the implications of this connection between these two concepts. By examining Weber's definition of social or interpersonal relationship (ir), it becomes evident that it is basically a "mutual orientation" between two persons; it is a subjective construct or predisposition. The logical consequences of this observation for the social network are considered, and it is concluded that networks are also subjective constructs and therefore have the potential to guide behaviour in the social situation.

Online-Bürgerbeteiligung kann dazu dienen, die Beziehungen zwischen Bürgerschaft und Staat zu verbessern sowie Vertrauen und Legitimität zu stärken. Der Bundestag erprobt seit über 10 Jahren unterschiedliche Verfahren der Online-Bürgerbeteiligung. Die Verfahren tragen zur Transparenz der parlamentarischen Arbeit bei und werden von Teilnehmenden wie Außenstehenden positiv bewertet. Die Beteiligung ist meist qualitativ hochwertig, bleibt aber häufig zahlenmäßig hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Eine Ausnahme stellen die E-Petitionen dar, die den höchsten Bekanntheitsgrad der Beteiligungsverfahren erreichen. Für eine Verstetigung und Weiterentwicklung der Online-Bürgerbeteiligung kommen insbesondere konsultative Formate infrage, als Zeitpunkt haben sich frühe Stadien der Meinungsbildung bewährt. In strategischer Hinsicht empfehlen sich eine weiterhin behutsame, sukzessive Entwicklung der Onlinebeteiligungsangebote sowie deren stärker konzeptuelle Einbindung in die parlamentarische ...

Disclosing a family disruption like estrangement might be an important first step in garnering supportive communication, yet disclosure also might come with costs. Grounded in the disclosure literatures, this study illuminates the conditions under which adult children disclose estrangement from parents to their social networks and the perceived reactions of social network members to such disclosures. Findings from a thematic analysis of 52 narrative interviews reveal that adult children go to great lengths to keep their estrangement private, but disclose (a) when others witnessed conflict, (b) when asked, (c) when disclosure was indirect, and (d) when (they perceived) it would benefit others. Reactions to disclosure were rarely ambivalent, and adult children primarily felt unsupported by their network. Practical applications are discussed.

Network analysis provides powerful tools to learn about a variety of social systems. However, most analyses implicitly assume that the considered relational data is error-free, and reliable and accurately reflects the system to be analysed. Especially if the network consists of multiple groups (e.g., genders, races), this assumption conflicts with a range of systematic biases, measurement errors and other inaccuracies that are well documented in the literature. To investigate the effects of such errors we introduce a framework for simulating systematic bias in attributed networks. Our framework enables us to model erroneous edge observations that are driven by external node attributes or errors arising from the (hidden) network structure itself. We exemplify how systematic inaccuracies distort conclusions drawn from network analyses on the task of minority representations in degree-based rankings. By analysing synthetic and real networks with varying homophily levels and group sizes, we find that the effect of introducing systematic edge errors depends on both the type of edge error and the level of homophily in the system: in heterophilic networks, minority representations in rankings are very sensitive to the type of systematic edge error. In contrast, in homophilic networks we find that minorities are at a disadvantage regardless of the type of error present. We thus conclude that the implications of systematic bias in edge data depend on an interplay between network topology and type of systematic error. This emphasises the need for an error model framework as developed here, which provides a first step towards studying the effects of systematic edge-uncertainty for various network analysis tasks.

The challenges imposed by the global development agenda imply reflecting on the role and contribution of political parties to development processes in the online environment. Social networks have been characterised as a part of the strategies of political campaigns, as it allows political leaders to establish bidirectional communication with citizens. In this context, the present study aims to empirically explore the leading Spanish political formations' publications from a social marketing perspective. In this way, it will be possible to verify how issues related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are addressed. On the one hand, this requires elaborating the communication profiles of the main political parties presented to the Spanish General Elections from 2015 to 2019. On the other hand, to analyse whether social themes better discriminate or distinguish one political party from another. For this purpose, a methodology based on text mining, content analysis from a quantitative and qualitative approach, and simple correspondence analysis has been used. Finally, it should be noted that the results of this research show that there are differences between political parties according to the social issues published, with a divergence between the social issues that provoke a better reaction from the public and those most published on Facebook.