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Solution-processed metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have demonstrated great advances on achieving high-performance photodetectors. However, the intrinsic material instability and the toxicity of lead still hinder the practical applications of MHPs-based photodetectors. In this work, the first highly sensitive and fast-response lead-free perovskite photodetectors based on Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite films are demonstrated. A convenient solution method is developed to deposit high-quality Cs2AgBiBr6 film with large grain sizes, low trap densities, and long charge carrier lifetimes. Incorporated within a photodiode device architecture comprised of optimized hole- and electron-transporting layers, lead-free perovskite photodetectors are achieved exhibiting a high detectivity of 3.29 x 10(12) Jones, a large linear dynamic range of 193 dB, and a fast response time of approximate to 17 ns. All the key figures of merit of the devices are comparable with the reported best-performing photodetectors based on lead halide perovskites. In addition, the resulting devices exhibit excellent thermal and environmental stability. The nonencapsulated devices show negligible degradation after thermal stressing at 150 degrees C and less than 5% degradation in the photoresponsivity after storage in ambient air for approximate to 2300 h. The results demonstrate the great potential of the lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite in applications for environmentally friendly and high-performance photodetectors. ; Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of China [51472164]; 1000 Talents Program for Young Scientists of China, Shenzhen Peacock Plan [KQTD2016053112042971]; Educational Commission of Guangdong Province [2015KGJHZ006, 2016KCXTD006]; Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [2016B050501005]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2017M622744, 2018T110886]; Swedish Research Council FORMAS [942-2015-1253]; European Commission Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions [691210]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]

Ever since the Protocol on PRTR was introduced, the purpose of the Protocol has been to make information on emissions from the industry available to the public, and to try to popularize and communicate existing emissions data. Recently, the EU Commission described its work towards an increased use of PRTR data for policy making and for the public, and the EEA has, in its plan for 2014-2018, expressed the ambition to develop indicators regarding industrial emissions. In Sweden, the Environmental Protection Agency is working with issues regarding the PRTR, and also here public availability of emission data from the PRTR is emphasized and also the need to develop indicators that are based on PRTR data and that relates to the Swedish environmental objective A Non-Toxic Environment. The present project is based on these ambitions and presents a list of potential indicators that are mostly based on PRTR data. The aim with the project has not been to retrieve data for the indicators, but to give suggestions on which indicators that would be interesting to develop.

A case study approach, based on interviews and document reviews, was used to analyze the systems engineering processes of the SEP (Armored Multirole Vehicle, in Swedish) and the Visby class corvette cases respectively. The focus was on signature management. The result is a thorough investigation of what worked in the cases studied. The main conclusions can be summarized in three points. 1) A preferred workflow from mission analysis to sub system design has been derived from lessons identified; 2) The three main success factors identified were: building technology demonstrators, having an Integrated Product Team approach, and establishing stealth as a key system design goal; 3) Coherence and traceability between military needs on the battlefield and signature requirements need further research.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research ; Government of the Russian Federation ; FCT/MEC ; FEDER ; CNPq: 304604/2015-1 ; CNPq: 400677/2014-8 ; CNPq: 232241/2014-7 ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research: 16-02-00821-a ; Government of the Russian Federation: 02.A03.21.0006 ; FCT/MEC: FCT UID/CTM/50011/2013 ; La-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) thin films were prepared to study their physical properties at macro- and nanoscale. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) studies suggest a local imprint behavior at room temperature. Confirmed by P-E hysteresis loops recorded at 180-300K, the imprint effect at room temperature tends to disappear at lower temperatures. In addition, the remanent polarization gradually increases and then decreases after reaching a maximum at around 243K. This behavior suggests the occurrence of a reentrant dipole glass or an activated electric field effect in the studied PLZT films.

Software engineering is at the core of the digitalization of society. Ill-informed decisions can have major consequences, as made evident in the 2017 government crisis in Sweden, originating in a data breach caused by an outsourcing deal made by the Swedish Transport Agency. Many Government Agencies (GovAgs) in Sweden are rapidly undergoing a digital transition, thus it is important to overview how widespread, and mature, software development is in this part of the public sector. We present a software development census of Swedish GovAgs, complemented by document analysis and a survey. We show that 39.2% of the GovAgs develop software internally, some matching the number of developers in large companies. Our findings suggest that the development largely resembles private sector counterparts, and that established best practices are implemented. Still, we identify improvement potential in the areas of strategic sourcing, openness, collaboration across GovAgs, and quality requirements. The Swedish Government has announced the establishment of a new digitalization agency next year, and our hope is that the software engineering community will contribute its expertise with a clear voice.

"This book analyzes how films have accurately or inaccurately portrayed the powers, rights, and freedoms within the U.S. Constitution, and it also explores how filmmakers' lessons about the Constitution have changed over time. This book would make an excellent addition to a course or research on constitutional law or film analysis"--

The overall aim of the thesis is to explore legislators' perceptions of unaccompanied children in the development of migration law, and how case-officers transform the policy in arguments for and against residency in asylum-cases. More specifically, this thesis explores how Swedish legislators experienced parliamentary work when putting in place the 2005 Aliens Act and the new system for appeals and procedures. In addition, it explores legislators understanding of the concept of unaccompanied minors, and how the Swedish Migration Agency (SMA) case-officers understand unaccompanied minors' credibility. It draws on interview data with 15 legislators of the Swedish parliament and an analysis of 916 decisions in asylum cases concerning unaccompanied minors. The thesis is theoretically informed by interpretative phenomenology and social constructionism. The method used builds on detailed coding procedures in qualitative social research as they are applied in interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), thematic analysis and text analysis. Study 1 examines the experiences of 15 legislators when negotiating migration reform in parliament. The findings indicate that the preceding political negotiations can be one of the reasons for unclear aims when politicians' propose new legislation. In addition, it seems that other policy areas, such as fiscal considerations and state-municipality relations, took precedence in the negotiations when the legislators were attempting to make sense of their experiences in discussing asylum policy. Study 2 explores legislators' perceptions of unaccompanied minors arriving in Sweden. The findings show that chronological age is a key reference point concerning how legislators understand unaccompanied minors' claims for asylum and other needs. In addition, the findings suggest that legislators perceive unaccompanied minors as an ambivalent category and that this understanding is influenced by deep-rooted welfare ideology. Furthermore, the findings indicate that legislators develop policy concerning unaccompanied children without considering that they need to be recognised as individuals with different backgrounds, agendas and needs. Study 3 scrutinises how SMA case-officers construct unaccompanied minors credibility in asylum decisions. It shows that case-officers use similar techniques both when approving and rejecting decisions. These techniques consistently question the competence and political agency of the chid in such a way that the element of individual assessment in asylum procedure can become severely restricted. In brief, this thesis identifies that the connection between migration and child policy is complex as legislators appear to struggle with "drawing the limits" of who to include or exclude in policy aims. Hence, the juridical field was seen as the answer to improve legitimation. This also means that the concept of asylum has become de-politicised. In addition, case-officers also seem to use a limited repertoire of arguments when drawing the limits for unaccompanied minors' credibility in asylum decisions. This thesis points to possible dilemmas in asylum policy and procedure concerning unaccompanied minors. ; At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted. Paper 3: Manuscript.

The overall aim of the thesis is to explore legislators' perceptions of unaccompanied children in the development of migration law, and how case-officers transform the policy in arguments for and against residency in asylum-cases. More specifically, this thesis explores how Swedish legislators experienced parliamentary work when putting in place the 2005 Aliens Act and the new system for appeals and procedures. In addition, it explores legislators understanding of the concept of unaccompanied minors, and how the Swedish Migration Agency (SMA) case-officers understand unaccompanied minors' credibility. It draws on interview data with 15 legislators of the Swedish parliament and an analysis of 916 decisions in asylum cases concerning unaccompanied minors. The thesis is theoretically informed by interpretative phenomenology and social constructionism. The method used builds on detailed coding procedures in qualitative social research as they are applied in interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), thematic analysis and text analysis. Study 1 examines the experiences of 15 legislators when negotiating migration reform in parliament. The findings indicate that the preceding political negotiations can be one of the reasons for unclear aims when politicians' propose new legislation. In addition, it seems that other policy areas, such as fiscal considerations and state-municipality relations, took precedence in the negotiations when the legislators were attempting to make sense of their experiences in discussing asylum policy. Study 2 explores legislators' perceptions of unaccompanied minors arriving in Sweden. The findings show that chronological age is a key reference point concerning how legislators understand unaccompanied minors' claims for asylum and other needs. In addition, the findings suggest that legislators perceive unaccompanied minors as an ambivalent category and that this understanding is influenced by deep-rooted welfare ideology. Furthermore, the findings indicate that legislators develop policy concerning unaccompanied children without considering that they need to be recognised as individuals with different backgrounds, agendas and needs. Study 3 scrutinises how SMA case-officers construct unaccompanied minors credibility in asylum decisions. It shows that case-officers use similar techniques both when approving and rejecting decisions. These techniques consistently question the competence and political agency of the chid in such a way that the element of individual assessment in asylum procedure can become severely restricted. In brief, this thesis identifies that the connection between migration and child policy is complex as legislators appear to struggle with "drawing the limits" of who to include or exclude in policy aims. Hence, the juridical field was seen as the answer to improve legitimation. This also means that the concept of asylum has become de-politicised. In addition, case-officers also seem to use a limited repertoire of arguments when drawing the limits for unaccompanied minors' credibility in asylum decisions. This thesis points to possible dilemmas in asylum policy and procedure concerning unaccompanied minors. ; At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted. Paper 3: Manuscript.

If it is possible to speak of a coherent file-­sharing movement in Sweden, what are the principal societal factors shaping it? This paper contextualises the recent history of Swedish peer­-to-­peer­-based file­sharing as forming part of a wider shift in politics towards a late-modern collective ethic. Everyday file-­sharers operate as 'occasional activists', as pirate institutions not only speak for, but also run and build the networks. Such institutions ­ The Pirate Bay, Piratbyrån, and The Pirate Party ­ cannot be explained by invoking market logics, online communitarianism, or political motivation alone. The cyberliberties activism animating these hubs is connected to the larger framework of balancing utilitarianism, nationalism, individual autonomy and collectivism in Sweden. Further, the emergent Swedish file­-sharing justificatory regime hinges on a general view of what the internet is, what it is good for, and how it should look in the future, as the file-­sharer argumentation rests on the inevitability of unrestricted file exchange on the internet, while the industrialist concerns of the cultural industries emphasize instead how exchange should be regulated and sanctioned by accountable providers. ; This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by­sa/3.0/ Oekonux is a non­profit organization devoted to the theoretical and practical advancement of peer production, that later changed name to The Journal of Peer Production (JoPP). http://peerproduction.net/

The article analyzes Yuri Tsivian's book "On the Approaches to Carpalistics. Movement and Gesture in Litera-ture, Art, and Film" (2010), which is a continuation of an earlier project of the famous Russian and American film scholar and a representative of the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School and Film Studies at the University of Chicago – the study "Historical Reception of Cinema: Cinematography in Russia, 1895–1930" published in Riga in 1991. Tsivian introduces the notion of "carpalistics" into cinematography to denote one of the fundamental and formative principles of cinema – gesture. The author investigates the history of gestures in art, especially in the Russian avant-garde of the 1920s. The Soviet avant-garde cinema, in contrast to the pre-revolutionary anti-montage cinema, was dominated by montage, but it was too early to bury the gesture. The article compares, on the one hand, the approach-es of historians who analyze the ideologemes and ideological markers of historical films and identify the "second" mythological film-reality of Soviet history (a vivid example of such optics is the study "Museum of the Revolu-tion. Soviet Cinema and the Stalinist Historical Narrative" by Evgeny Dobrenko), and, on the other hand, the ap-proaches of film scholars who work with film-frames and sources of film-making (ego-documents, scripted vari-ants, montage sheets, film versions, etc.). On the example of the analysis of Sergei Eisenstein's films "October" and "Ivan the Terrible", Tsivian shows the author's meanings, independent from the state order, in the rich system of references in films, and sees the secret writing of historical and cultural contexts inherent in them.

Предметом исследования является государственная политика и правительственные меры Швеции по гендерному равенству в сфере образования. Целью исследования является анализ подходов к обеспечению гендерного равенства в сфере образования на уровне школьных и дошкольных учреждений в Швеции. Методами исследования являются методы абстракции и сравнительного анализа. Результаты работы. Статья посвящена исследованию подхода к обеспечению гендерного равенства в сфере образования (школьный и дошкольный уровень) в Швеции. На сегодня шведский подход к интеграции гендерного равенства в системе образования является одним из самых прогрессивных в Европейском Союзе и охватывает все уровни начиная от законодательной базы до самых школьных и дошкольных учреждений, реализующих указанный подход на практике. Областью применения результатов исследования является государственная политика в сфере образования. Выводы. Проведенный анализ позволил выделить основные характеристики комплексного подхода к гендерному равенству в сфере образования в Швеции. Выявленные принципы и методы обеспечения гендерного равенства на уровне школьных и дошкольных учреждений могут быть принять к рассмотрению при реформировании системы образования в Украине.The research question consists of the Swedish government policies and measures concerning gender equality in education. The purpose of study is to shed light on the government approach to gender equality in education with focus on schools and preschools in Sweden. Research methods are the abstract and comparative analyses. Results. The article investigates the approach to gender equality in education (school and pre-school level) in Sweden. Today the Swedish approach for gender mainstreaming in education is one of the most advanced in the EU and covers all levels ranging from legislation to schools and pre-schools that implement this approach in practice. Scope of application id the government policy in the sphere of education. Conclusion. The analysis allowed to identify the main characteristics of integrated approach to gender equality in education in Sweden. Recognized principles and methods of gender equality at school and pre-school level could be taken into consideration when reforming the education system in Ukraine.

According to the Swedish Forestry Act, environmental protection is required within forest operations regardless of forest ownership. This thesis examines the extent to which regulations issued by the National Board of Forestry are implemented in clearcuttings. Different factors contributing to the outcome of environmental protection are analyzed both from a top-down and a bottom-up perspec­tive. Empirically, the study combines field investigation of clearcuts, interviews with implementing actors, and evaluation of written prescriptions and advice on environ­mental protection. The Swedish forest-environmental legislation and implementation process is also compared to that of the U.S. and, especially, to the state of Cali­fornia . Conflicting goals within the Forestry Act and vague environmental guidelines leave the implementing agency officers with great discretion. Steering attempts by the Forestry Agency are in terms of friendly advice and information. No breaches of the regulations were taken to court during 1980-1986 although this is formally possible. There is an average compliance of approximately fifty per cent of the required environmental measures. Aesthetic values are taken into account to a greater extent than pure floristic and faunistic ones. Economic considerations and harvest technology contribute to a low degree of environmental protection. Forest machines are inadequately suited for protecting single, environmentally valuable trees and they frequently cause deep tracks. Inadequate environmental knowledge and insufficient pre-harvest environmental planning also affect environ­mental performance negatively. Generally, economic considerations contribute to the low priority to environ­mental protection given by the implementing actors compared to timber production. Economic inducements counteract environmental protection. It is generally rare that environmentalists and other public interests affected by forest operations are consulted. Environmentalists however influence indirectly through political pressure to legislate, participation in the consultation process before legislation is enacted, and mass-media attention. ; digitalisering@umu

The author reviews critically the film "The Killing Fields". This film deals, inter alia, with the American involvement in Cambodia, the background of the atrocities committed by the Pol Pot regime. The film depicts also the relationship between The New York Times correspondent in Phnom Penh in 1973-75, Sydney Schanberg and his Cambodian assistant, Dith Pran. (DÜI-Sen)