Suchergebnisse

The subject questions the historians' relationship with time in France, from the 1930s to the 1950s, by means of published historical production. By combining historiographic questions with issues of cultural history, the will is to adopt a social definition of history and historians. Based on the private holdings of historians, publishers, and books held in legal deposit, this study aims to understand how historians write, conceive, and debate history. The aim is to take a step back from the mere professional definition of history and to consider the writing of history as a cultural process involving historians with different legitimacies, in contact with cultural intermediaries, in particular, publishers, addressing an audience or several audiences. The production context of the period was over-determined by an intellectual crisis, which began in 1931, concerning the legitimacy of history, and its place in society, coming from philosophers and critics. The question of historiographic construction is central: historians, in their diversity – academic or polygraph – write historical works, more or less permeable to the issues of the present, for scientific purposes, symbolic but also political, of which we can make a historiographic and epistemological typology. The representations of history vary appreciably from the pole of production of historians to the pole of mediation. Considered as an editorial genre, history then becomes more malleable and responds to social and economic issues, which aim the widest possible dissemination to the public. In this context, the main novelty of the period is the historical collection, which is an opportunity as well as a constraint for historians. The study questions the receptions of this published history, not only by the political authorities, in a censorial framework from 1940 to 1944, but also, in the longer term, by the cultural mediators, who are booksellers, journalists and critics, specialist and generalist ones. Finally, the study of receptions by the public shows ...

The purpose of this study is to examine the market's reaction to the announcement foreign direct investment in Eastern Europe for firms from various Western European countries and from Japan during the first merge wave after the Berlin Wall removal. The results indicated that there is either an insignificant negative reaction, or no consistent significant reaction to the announcements of joint ventures or direct foreign investment. U.S.S.R. seems to be the most risky of the target countries. The present conditions of uncertainty and high political economic risk appear to offset any favourable effects. The results may be period specific since there was an unusually high level of uncertainty surrounding the removal of the Wall. ; peer-reviewed

This article gives an overview of francophone African diasporic websites such as Africultures.com, africavivre.com and other digital magazines, networks and blogs that are present on different platforms. Taking recent novels, texts of literary criticism, reviews and comments as examples, I analyse in what way they share in discourse about diasporic and migratory identity positions of Afropéens ('Afropeans') (and differ therein from other readings of the same novels). Methodologically, I draw on Stephen Greenblatt's concepts of self-fashioning and circulation of social energy as well as on Pierre Bourdieu's notion of the production of social capital. With respect to socially preformed discursive formation of Black people as an ostensibly homogeneous minority in the twenty-first century France, I refer to Pap Ndiaye's ground-breaking study La condition noire from 2009 which closely analyses the complex situation of the Black migrant and post-migrant population. I focus on two narrative texts which are widely perceived both in France and on an international level: First, the autobiographically inspired novel Le Ventre de l'Atlantique (The Belly of the Atlantic) by Fatou Diome and second, Marie Ndiaye's narrative triptych Trois femmes puissantes (Three Strong Women). Studying remarks and comments of literary criticism concerning these texts on francophone African diasporic websites, I raise the following questions: What relevance do these narrated characters (still) have today? To what extent do they shape the discourse of Black migrants in France? What kind of interpretation of the colonial history and context do they offer? And which emancipatory moments and decolonial strategies create a new, proper symbolic capital and, thus, add to the Imagined Community of 'Noirs en France' ('Black people in France')?

This history of Adidas, one of the world's most innovative global companies, looks beyond the trademark three stripes to show how the company grew and evolved over time. Founded in a small town in Bavaria, Germany, the Adidas brand has, for nearly a century, been outfitting international sports stars and pop culture icons such as David Beckham, Zin dine Zidane, and Run-DMC as well as everyday men, women, and children across the globe. The story of this evolution--illustrated with numerous historic photographs--is entwined with history, corporate trends, and the emergence of sports as a major factor in the world economy. Starting with the beginnings of the original Dassler brothers' company in the time of the Weimar Republic and National Socialism, this book reveals the first academically-based look at the history of the family and the Adidas company which was officially founded in 1949 after the brothers' separation. Using a worldwide range of sources, the authors also examine brand strategies and globalization since the 1960s. Since its beginnings, the name 'Adidas' has been shrouded in legend and, in this special look at the rise of a global company, readers will learn the true story behind the brand

Napoléon Bonaparte revolutionized the practice of war with his reliance on a mass national army and large-scale conscription. This system faced one major obstacle: draft evasion. This article discusses Napoléon's response to widespread draft evasion. First, we show that draft dodging rates across France varied with geographic characteristics. Second, we provide evidence that the regime adopted a strategy of discriminatory conscription enforcement by setting a lower (higher) conscription rate for those regions where the enforcement of conscription was more (less) costly. Finally, we show that this strategy resulted in a rapid fall in draft dodging rates across France.

"This volume brings together scholarship from two different, and until now, largely separate literatures--the study of the children of immigrants and the study of Muslim minority communities--in order to explore the changing nature of ethnic identity, religious practice, and citizenship in the contemporary western world. With attention to the similarities and differences between the European and American experiences of growing up Muslim, the contributing authors ask what it means for young people to be both Muslim and American or European, how they reconcile these, at times, conflicting identities, how they reconcile the religious and gendered cultural norms of their immigrant families with the more liberal ideals of the western societies that they live in, and how they deal with these issues through mobilization and political incorporation. A transatlantic research effort that brings together work from the tradition in diaspora studies with research on the second generation, to examine social, cultural, and political dimensions of the second-generation Muslim experience in Europe and the United States, this book will appeal to scholars across the social sciences with interests in migration, diaspora, race and ethnicity, religion and integration"--

Inspired by the reading and writing habits of citizens leading up to the French Revolution, The Writing Public is a compelling addition to the long-running debate about the link between the Enlightenment and the political struggle that followed. Elizabeth Andrews Bond scoured France's local newspapers spanning the two decades prior to the Revolution as well as its first three years, shining a light on the letters to the editor. A form of early social media, these letters constituted a lively and ongoing conversation among readers. Bond takes us beyond the glamorous salons of the intelligentsia into the everyday worlds of the craftsmen, clergy, farmers, and women who composed these letters. As a result, we get a fascinating glimpse into who participated in public discourse, what they most wanted to discuss, and how they shaped a climate of opinion. The Writing Public offers a novel examination of how French citizens used the information press to form norms of civic discourse and shape the experience of revolution. The result is a nuanced analysis of knowledge production during the Enlightenment. ; The Ohio State University / TOME (Towards an Open Monograph Ecosystem)

Traces of and work on memory in France and Germany.
While the recent past continues to haunt Germany and sometimes re-emerges in a conflicting form in France, it is because a large proportion of the population in these countries refuse to build up a relationship based on strict lucidity and responsibility with regard to history. This makes us aware that the totalitarian machine could not function without absolute obedience to orders, whatever they might be, without the zeal and inhumanity of underlings, and without the acceptance of multiple forms of violence.
For the French and Germans alike, the problem of responsibility, and not guilt, is posed on a collective level and cannot be bypassed. No-one can be released from the burden of their commitments. How can a memory of this period be formed in Germany, France and beyond ? How has the past been assumed in these two countries differentially speaking ? Our argument takes on a broader scope by analysing the problem as it was defined by Pierre Nora in «lieux de mémoire» (sites holding memories), and for Germany, by Etienne François and Hagen Schulze, who adopted the same perspective.

How have artists across the millennia responded to warfare? In this uniquely wide-ranging book, Theodore Rabb blends military history and the history of art to search for the answers. He draws our attention to masterpieces from the ancient world to the twentieth century--paintings, sculpture, ceramics, textiles, engravings, architecture, and photographs--and documents the evolving nature of warfare as artists have perceived it. The selected works represent landmarks in the history of art and are drawn mainly from the western tradition, though important examples from Japan, India, and the Middle East are also brought into the discussion. Together these works tell a story of long centuries during which warfare inspired admiration and celebration. Yet a shift toward criticism and condemnation emerged in the Renaissance, and by the end of the nineteenth century, glorification of the warrior by leading artists had ceased. Rabb traces this progression, from such works as the Column of Trajan and the Titian "Battle of Lepanto", whose makers celebrated glorious victories, to the antiwar depictions created by Brueghel, Goya, Picasso, and others. Richly illustrated and accessibly written, this book presents a study of unprecedented sweep and multidisciplinary interest. -- Publisher description

International audience ; Au-delà des stéréotypes plus ou moins amusés sur le Midi et les Méridionaux, l'antiméridionalisme appartient incontestablement à ces haines modernes qu'a forgées et développées le nationalisme français à la fin du XIXe siècle, aux côtés de l'antisémitisme, de la xénophobie ou de l'antimaçonnisme. Le méridional, le juif et le franc-maçon, voire le protestant, entretiennent du reste des liens étroits aux yeux de leurs adversaires. Ces derniers se recrutent soit parmi les disciples de Drumont (Gaston Méry), soit parmi les ténors du national-catholicisme (Jules Lemaître, Léon Daudet, Maurice Barrès, Charles Maurras), et développent une véritable campagne au moment où Émile Combes et Jean Jaurès, deux méridionaux, mènent à son point d'accomplissement la politique anticléricale. L'antiméridionalisme a été un moment aujourd'hui oublié, mais important, de la transformation et du trouble des identités dans la France de la Troisième République.

International audience ; Au-delà des stéréotypes plus ou moins amusés sur le Midi et les Méridionaux, l'antiméridionalisme appartient incontestablement à ces haines modernes qu'a forgées et développées le nationalisme français à la fin du XIXe siècle, aux côtés de l'antisémitisme, de la xénophobie ou de l'antimaçonnisme. Le méridional, le juif et le franc-maçon, voire le protestant, entretiennent du reste des liens étroits aux yeux de leurs adversaires. Ces derniers se recrutent soit parmi les disciples de Drumont (Gaston Méry), soit parmi les ténors du national-catholicisme (Jules Lemaître, Léon Daudet, Maurice Barrès, Charles Maurras), et développent une véritable campagne au moment où Émile Combes et Jean Jaurès, deux méridionaux, mènent à son point d'accomplissement la politique anticléricale. L'antiméridionalisme a été un moment aujourd'hui oublié, mais important, de la transformation et du trouble des identités dans la France de la Troisième République.

'Mit Hilfe einer Metaanalyse historischer Texte wurden Eigenheiten historischer Methodologie herausgearbeitet und mit denen typischer sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung verglichen. Ausgehend von diesem Vergleich, kommt die Autorin zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Soziologie u.a. von der Geschichtswissenschaft Erkenntnisse über das Verhältnis von qualitativer und quantitativer Forschung, über die praktische Durchführung komplexer, epochenübergreifender empirischer Projekte auf hohem theoretischen Niveau, über die Abschätzung systematischer Fehler bei der Datenauswahl, über den Umgang mit prozessproduzierten Daten sowie über die Datenaufbereitung gewinnen kann.' (Autorenreferat)

Pvt. George Skomsky (1925-), U.S. Army, 133rd AAA Gun Battalion, the son of Ukrainian immigrants, grew up and came of age during the defining moments of the 20th century: the Great Depression and World War II, respectively. The following examines his experiences in the context of these events, through his letters written home during World War II, recollections and reflections.