Suchergebnisse

"This comparative analysis examines the scope of prosecutorial powers at different phases of criminal investigation in four countries: the United States, Italy, Poland, and Germany. In all of these countries, where the majority of cases are decided by forms of adjudication in which judges are often called to just confirm agreements achieved between parties, the criminal investigation has become a central point of the criminal process. It is important to make a conscience determination regarding who shall be in charge of this stage of the process. Prosecutors have gained tremendous powers to influence the outcome of the criminal cases, including powers once reserved only for judges. The book attempts to answer the question of whether in the system in which the role of the trial is diminishing, and where the significance of criminal investigation is constantly growing, should the powers of the prosecutor at the early stage of the process be enhanced. Using a problem-oriented approach that begins with the identification of a problem and then looks for potential common solutions, the book provides a parallel analysis of each country along five possible spheres of prosecutorial engagement: commencing criminal investigation, conducting criminal investigation, undertaking the initial charging decision, imposing coercive measures and discontinuing criminal investigation. Using the competing models of the adversarial versus inquisitorial approach as a framework, the focus is on the prosecutor as a crucial figure of criminal process and investigation to various degrees in different systems. The insights of this comparative treatment are relevant to students and academics in criminal justice, criminology, law, and public policy, as well as policymakers, government officials, and others interested in legal reform"--

Maģistra darba ietvaros ir veikts pētījums par piesavināšanos kā mantas nolaupīšanas veidu, identificēti problēmjautājumi attiecībā uz piesavināšanās kvalifikāciju, norobežošanu no citiem mantas nolaupīšanas veidiem un civiltiesiskiem deliktiem un piedāvāti nepieciešamie uzlabojumi tiesību normu jaunrades ceļā un ieteikumi tiesību normu vienveidīgai piemērošanai. Maģistra darbā analizēti piesavināšanās pamatsastāva elementi un tiem raksturīgās pazīmes, daļa piesavināšanās kvalificēto sastāvu un priviliģētais sastāvs. Īpašu uzmanību autore darbā veltījusi tiesību zinātnē un praksē diskutablajiem un neskaidrajiem jautājumiem: nekustamā īpašuma un tiesību uz nekustamo īpašumu kā piesavināšanās priekšmeta analīzei; piesavināšanās un izšķērdēšanas savstarpējo juridisko attiecību analīzei; piesavināšanās subjekta analīzei no civiltiesību un krimināltiesību viedokļa; turpinātas un atkārtotas piesavināšanās nošķiršanai; mantas nolaupīšanas motīva un mērķa savstarpējo juridisko attiecību un attiecību ar citām subjektīvās puses pazīmēm analīzei, kvalificēto sastāvu: piesavināšanās personu grupā un piesavināšanās lielā apmērā analīzei. Maģistra darbā pētīta arī piesavināšanās pazīmju vēsturiskā attīstība un apskatīts krimināltiesiskais regulējums ārvalstu kriminālkodeksos. Autore veikusi tiesu prakses analīzi, kurā risināti piesavināšanās sastāva kvalifikācijas jautājumi un izdarījusi vispārīgus secinājumus par tiesību normu piemērošanu un iztulkošanu. ; There has been made a research about embezzlement as a type of the appropriation; the issues relating to qualification of the embezzlement, segregation from other types of the appropriation and civil delict have been identified and the necessary improvements through legislation and recommendations for uniformed application of law have been offered. In the first chapter of the master paper elements and features of embezzlement substance have been analyzed. In the following chapters the qualified substances and privileged substance are discussed. The author devotes more attention to: analysis of immovable property as an object of embezzlement; analysis of legal relationships between embezzlement and defalcation; analysis of subject of the embezzlement from civil and criminal point of view; separation of continued and repeated embezzlement; analysis of legal relationships between motive and aim of appropriation of and legal relationships with other subjective features, analysis of qualified substances: group embezzlement and big amount embezzlement. Author makes historical research of individual embezzlement features, compares our criminal regulation of embezzlement with criminal regulation of foreign criminal codes. The author analysis case -law and draws general conclusions about application and interpretation of law.

Bulygin is a distinguished representative of legal science and legal philosophy as they are known on the European continent which springs from the role of the civil law tradition in his home country, Argentina. At the same time, he has engaged over the past half-century virtually all of the major figures in legal philosophy in the English-speaking countries. The views expressed are often unorthodox, and challenge received opinion on gaps in the law, on the character of legal efficacy, on the oft-claimed dependent character of permissory norms, and on the criteria of legal validity