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The focus of the present study is to investigate the association between environmental reporting and corporate governance traits in Pakistan. The prior studies related to the association between environmental disclosure and corporate governance characteristics show fickle findings. This study fills the gap by using cross sectional data of 100 randomly selected firms registered at Karachi Stock Exchange for the year 2015. The results of the present research showed a positive association between the level of environmental disclosure and fraction of independent directors on the board. Negative relationship was found between environmental disclosure and institutional investors. The result shows a positive association between the level of environmental reporting and board size. It confirms a positive association. The analysis revealed a lack of association between level of environmental reporting and fraction of female directors on a board. In case of control variables, positive relationship was found between firms' profitability and level of environmental disclosure, whereas, no correlation was found between firm size and the level of environmental reporting. Moreover, the results of incremental regression indicate that ownership concentration is the most important independent variable among all the independent variables in the model.

Biobanks that store large masses of human biological samples and personal data for research purposes play a crucial role in international biomedical research. The samples and data stored, however, possibly reveal a lot about the individual donor and put him as well as connected individuals or groups at risk of discriminiation. The author questions whether the traditional requirement of the donor's individual consent to unspecific future uses of his sample and data adequately protects his interests. She addresses the question if and how the donor should and can be further included in decisions regarding the future use of his sensitive samples and data. In particular, she analyses the potential of innovative so-called trust models for biobank-governance in a German context.

Good Governance has a long history of human thought and has proposed in the works of various thinkers. By examining the different theories, we are going the government agency, Required for sure non-infringement any community of human beings. The thought of Imam Ali also how the rule and governance in an appropriate manner, has been attending. This article has been extracted from Research on noble Nahjolbalaghe and to assess components of governance had paid from the sight of Imam Ali. Using content analysis, Statements related to governance derived from Nahjolbalaghe and then encrypt the data and using the software SPSS, the data have been analyzing. The final study Extraction and compilation of eleven components: The rule of law, Justice, and Anti-oppression, equality, participation, Self-regulatory Instead of monitoring people, preparing the groundwork to move people toward God, Clarifying public opinion, preparation for a healthy and dynamic economy, manage life's value of a poor class of Society, Social security and accountability to God and the people. These are Indicators that Imam Ali believed are required for "Good governance" in the society.

This paper is placed in the context of a growing number of social and political critiques of blockchain technologies. We focus on the supposed potential of blockchain technologies to transform political institutions that are central to contemporary human societies, such as money, property rights regimes, and systems of democratic governance. Our aim is to examine the way blockchain technologies canbring about - and justify - new models of governance. To do so, we draw on the philosophical works of Hobbes, Rousseau, and Rawls, analyzing blockchain governance in terms of contrasting social contract theories. We begin by comparing the justifications of blockchain governance offered by members of the blockchain developers' community with the justifications of governance presented within social contract theories. We then examine the extent to which the model of governance offered by blockchain technologies reflects key governance themes and assumptions located within social contract theories, focusing on the notions of sovereignty, the initial situation, decentralization and distributive justice.

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