Suchergebnisse

This report acknowledges that "history's first truly global society faces significant challenges that could alter its nature, its democratic potential, & its very survival." Therefore, it is crucial at this moment, when the greatest changes must be made, that we build our confidence to understand the challenges & our ability to meet them. We cannot simply observe chaotic urbanization, desperate poverty, & widespread hunger; we must develop the capacity to understand their causes & change them. The objective of the International Forum on the Social Science-Policy Nexus (IFSP) is to examine & suggest ways to overcome the gap between social science & policy in order to develop this capacity. To this end, 2,000 participants from 80 countries took part in 99 workshops, five round tables, & two technical consultation meetings distributed among four host cities. The key elements of five overarching problems were identified & analyzed: global problems & dynamics, social policies, population & migration, regional integration, & urban policy & territorial decentralization. Three fundamental results are detailed in this report: identification of the strengths & weaknesses of the nexus between policy & social science across the five areas; definition of the problems that hinder or prevent the formation of the nexus; & specification of strategies to overcome the social science-policy gap. A Declaration was adopted spelling out the means to achieve these goals. References. S. Stanton

This paper is based on literature review discuss the philosophical underpinning like epistemology and ontological frameworks of theoretical and philosophical perspectives. These are usually known and referred as paradigm in the field of research, that we simply identify them as a worldview or a set of assumptions about how things work. Paradigms are comprehensive framework of the beliefs, experiences and beliefs of numerous theories and research practices, which are extensively used in the research process. Basic questions like epistemology tries to answer that what is true or what does distinguish the authentic knowledge from the false and (inadequate) knowledge. This gives birth to basic questions that what is truth, and what counts the knowledge? What is the relationship amongst researcher and what is the already known? How do we come to know? Whereas ontology is oriented the nature of social realism and the things which exist, such as settings of their reality of relationships amongst the objects. The paper argues that phenomenological approach or strategy of inquiry is one of the best approaches in the qualitative research study.

The deep interconnections between biology, population politics, and ethics have been strongly brought to the fore by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The virus has highlighted the ways in which governments and state machineries calculate, control, and manage entire populations and demographic groupings, akin to what Foucault refers to as 'biopolitics' (Burchell et al. 1991): through measures such as complete or partial lockdowns, contact tracing, clinical trials, and vaccination. These steps immediately raise several important ethical concerns around questions of discrimination, inequality, surveillance, security, privacy, right to healthcare, and social protection. In this special issue, we foreground the discussion of bioethics in relation to demography and population politics by focusing on the two most populous countries in the world, India and China. In the process, we seek to enhance our understanding of the ways in which biology is enmeshed with population politics and the nature of bioethical concerns this generates. In doing this, we are guided by the conceptualisation that population as bioresource is not only 'bioavailable' (Cohen 2007) but can be rendered into 'biocapital' as Rajan (2006) articulates in his study of clinical trial patients.

Invisible Hands, Russian Experience, and Social Science: Approaches to Understanding Systemic Failure. By Stefan Hedlund. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 324p. $95.00, cloth, $35.99 paper.In recent decades the study of social phenomena has been characterized by the increasing specialization of academic subdisciplines. At the same time, social science has had great difficulty in accounting for instances of systemic failure that challenge the artificial typologies often promoted by specialized scholarship. Increasing theoretical sophistication thus arguably has come at the expense of grasping the particular and unique nature of historical events. In Invisible Hands, Russian Experience, and Social Science, Stefan Hedlund examines the postcommunist Russian encounter with capitalism and the global financial crisis as examples of unprecedented events that challenged social scientists' assumptions about the causes of human behavior and the functioning of social and political institutions. In this symposium a group of political scientists have been asked to critically assess the book's account and to comment more broadly on what systemic failure can tell us about social science theorizing.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor

The extent of & prospects for European cooperation in the social sciences are examined, focusing on three primary institutions -- the Vienna Centre, the European Science Foundation, & the European Community -- which play key roles in cross-national collaboration. Reasons for the lack of European collaboration in the social sciences are discussed, & additional barriers are noted, including: the unavailability of social-scientific data in Europe, shortcomings in international comparative research, & inadequate methods for disseminating research findings. It is suggested that researchers need to think in European terms rather than nationalistically, & that more attention needs to be given to the development of large-scale, long-term research projects that span national boundaries. 11 References. W. Howard

Marxism, Psychology and Social Science Analysis applies Marxist theory, psychology, and the work of Lucien Sève to specific research in the social sciences. It shows in practical terms what guidance can be offered for social scientific researchers wanting to incorporate Sève's view of personality into their work. Providing case studies drawn from different social sciences that give the book significant breadth of scope, Roche reviews the impact of "Taking Sève Seriously" across the study of international relations theory, economics, law, and moral philosophy.?The book begins by placing the work of Lucien Sève in context and considers the development of psychology in relation to Marxism, before going on to summarise the work of Sève in relation to the psychology of personality. It considers the opportunities for refreshed research in social relations based on developments by Sève, before examining Marxist biography and the implications of Sève's views. The book also includes chapters on the social discount rate, on constructivism in international relations, on the concept of promising in moral philosophy and the Marxist conception of individual responsibility. It addresses not only how research should be carried out differently, but whether utilising the theoretical framework of other writers, even non-Marxists, can deliver a similar outcome.With its use of five distinct case studies to analyse the work of Lucien Sève, this unique book will be of great interest to academics, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of psychology, philosophy and social sciences.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 -- An Evolutionary Perspective of Rivalry in the Family -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Parent-Child Conflict -- Fetus and Mother Conflicts -- Conflicts during Infancy and Childhood -- Parents' Decisions About When and How Much to Invest -- Child's Health -- Child's Age -- Mother's Reproductive Status -- Social Support -- Life-History Theory and Differential Parental Investment -- Infanticide -- Investment by Others: Stepparent and Grandparent Investment -- Stepparent Investment -- Grandparent Investment -- Children's Evolved Mechanisms for Eliciting Investment from Their Parents -- Mechanisms of Attachment -- Jealousy in the First Year -- Preschool-Age Children's Attempts to Manipulate Their Parents -- Sibling Rivalry -- Only Child No More -- Sibling Violence -- Conflict and Solidarity between Full-, Half-, and Stepsiblings -- Some Benefits of Sibling Rivalry -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- The Physiology of Rivalry in Infancy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Physiology and Jealousy-Rivalry -- Overview of EEG in Infancy -- EEG and Jealousy-Rivalry -- An Overview of Stress Reactive-Cortisol Responses in Infancy -- Cortisol and Jealousy-Rivalry -- EEG, Cortisol, and Behavioral Responses to Jealousy-Rivalry - A Study -- Method -- Participants -- Results -- Future Directions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Becoming an Older Sibling: Introducing the Sibling Outcome Survey (SOS) - An Instrument For Assessing Risk and Resilience in the Toddler-Newborn Infant Relationship -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Nature of Sibling Relationship in Early Childhood -- Significance of Sibling Relationships in Child Development and Family Processes -- Measuring Sibling Relationship across the Transition to Siblinghood -- Methods -- Participants -- Procedure

This book describes the principles and techniques needed to analyze data that form a multiway contingency table. Wickens discusses the description of association in such data using log-linear and log-multiplicative models and defines how the presence of association is tested using hypotheses of independence and quasi-independence. The application of the procedures to real data is then detailed. This volume does not presuppose prior experience or knowledge of statistics beyond basic courses in fundamentals of probability and statistical inference. It serves as an ideal reference for professi