Suchergebnisse

Dündar, Ekrem (Balikesir Author) ; Here we present the genome sequence and annotation of the wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris), called oleaster, which is considered an ancestor of cultivated olive trees. More than 50,000 protein-coding genes were predicted, a majority of which could be anchored to 23 pseudochromosomes obtained through a newly constructed genetic map. The oleaster genome contains signatures of two Oleaceae lineage-specific paleopolyploidy events, dated at similar to 28 and similar to 59 Mya. These events contributed to the expansion and neo-functionalization of genes and gene families that play important roles in oil biosynthesis. The functional divergence of oil biosynthesis pathway genes, such as FAD2, SACPD, EAR, and ACPTE, following duplication, has been responsible for the differential accumulation of oleic and linoleic acids produced in olive compared with sesame, a closely related oil crop. Duplicated oleaster FAD2 genes are regulated by an siRNA derived from a transposable element-rich region, leading to suppressed levels of FAD2 gene expression. Additionally, neofunctionalization of members of the SACPD gene family has led to increased expression of SACPD2,3, 5, and 7, consequently resulting in an increased desaturation of steric acid. Taken together, decreased FAD2 expression and increased SACPD expression likely explain the accumulation of exceptionally high levels of oleic acid in olive. The oleaster genome thus provides important insights into the evolution of oil biosynthesis and will be a valuable resource for oil crop genomics. ; "Cankiri Karatekin University, Bilimsel Arastirma Projeleri Birimi (BAP) 2012-10 FF12035L19 Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock of Turkey TAGEM/BBAD/12/A08/P06/3 Turkish Academy of Sciences (Outstanding Young Scientists Award) European Union Seventh Framework Program Grant FP7 under European Research Council Advanced Grant 322739-DOUBLEUP Multidisciplinary Research Partnership ""Bioinformatics: From Nucleotides to Networks"" of Ghent University 01MR0310W Gaziosman Pasa University, BAP2013/27 Universidad de Cordoba (Ayuda a Grupos of Spain), Spain Mustafa Kemal University, BAP 12022 Grupo del Plan Andaluz de Investigacion (PAI) of Junta de Andalucia, Spain AGR-248 Ankara University, BAP 14B0447004 Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesci 041/C/2007 75/C/2009 56/C/2010 "

This investigation presents the variability of near-surface in-situ aerosol particle light scattering measurements obtained over the past decade at 28 measuring atmospheric observatories which are part of the ACTRIS Research Infrastructure and most of them belong to the GAW network. This manuscript provides a comprehensive picture of the spatial and temporal variability of aerosol particles optical properties in Europe. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and 11 innovation programme under grant agreement No 654109, ACTRIS (project No. 262254), ACTRIS12 PPP (project No 739530).MAD station is co-financed by the PROACLIM ( CGL2014-52877-R) project. SMR station acknowledges BACCHUS (project No. 603445), CRAICC (project No. 26060) and Academy of Finland (project No. 3073314). UGR station is co-financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project CGL2016-81092-R. Measurements at Montseny and Montsec stations were supported by the MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) and FEDER funds under the PRISMA project (CGL2012-39623-C02/00), by the MAGRAMA (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment) and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2014 SGR33 and the DGQA). Measurements at Izaña were supported by AEROATLAN project (CGL2015-17 66229-P), co-funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund. Station Košetice is supported by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within project for support of national research infrastructure ACTRIS – participation of the Czech Republic (ACTRIS-CZ – LM2015037). Measurements at Puy de Dôme were partly supported by CNRS-INSU, University Clermont- Auvergne, OPGC and the french CLAP program. PAL station acknowledges KONE Foundation, Academy of Finland (project No. 269095 and No. 296302). CHC station received support from Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) under both Jeune Equipe program attributed to LFA and support to ACTRIS-FR program. CHC received grants from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d'avenir – ANR10 LABX56). Marco Pandolfi is funded by a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-2013-14036) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. ; Peer reviewed

Krškopolje pig, the only Slovenian autochtonous breed is still relatively untapped, with almost no information available on the effect of rearing conditions or its aptitude for processing and meat product quality. In the present study, dry-fermented sausages were produced from Krškopolje pigs that were fed similar diets (with regard to ingredients, energy and protein content) but reared in either conventional (CON) or organic conditions (ECO). Sausage weight losses at the end of processing were recorded and their final pH, chemical composition (moisture, fat and protein content, proteolysis index, fat and protein oxidation, fatty acid and free fatty acid profile) were determined in addition to measurements of instrumental texture, sensory evaluation and volatile profile analysis. Compared with CON, ECO dry-fermented sausages had lower processing losses, lower pH, higher moisture, salt and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content, less saturated fat and less free fatty acids. Volatile profile analysis showed that ECO dry-fermented sausages exhibited higher concentrations of compounds arising from lipid autooxidation and lower levels of volatile compounds resulting from microbial lipid β-oxidation, amino acid degradation and spices. Panellists perceived ECO dry-fermented sausages as saltier and less colour intensive, while both rheological and sensory analysis indicated that ECO sausages had softer texture than CON. The present results indicate that rearing of Krškopolje pigs according to organic standards induced differences in meat and fat properties which affected the quality of dry-fermented sausages, most distinctly in terms of softer texture and different volatile profile. ; The research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634476 (Project acronym TREASURE). The content of this paper reflects only the authors' view and Research Executive Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Authors also acknowledge the financial support of the Slovenian Research Agency (grants P4-0133 and V4-1417) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (V4-1417), from AGL2015-64673-R (MINEICO, Spain) and FEDER funds. ; Peer reviewed

Depuis la colonisation, les corridors de transport ouest-africains ont créé pour les pays sans littoral une dépendance économique pénalisante vis-à-vis de l'extérieur. Les importations massives de produits manufacturés ne sont pas compensées par l'export de matières premières. Le marché africain n'est pas encore le marché des Africains et cela freine le développement des territoires. Dans le corridor de transport reliant Ouagadougou à Accra, en Afrique de l'Ouest, les défis de l'intégration régionale et de la sécurité alimentaire se cristallisent dans les circuits vivriers marchands. Les échanges qui s'y déroulent cadencent la mobilité des denrées entre les bassins de production excédentaires et les bassins de consommation déficitaires. Dans l'espace constitué par le Burkina Faso et le Ghana, caractérisé par un gradient écologique entre le Sahel et la côte qui différencie fortement les potentialités agricoles, la thèse met en perspective ces défis avec le développement des territoires. Elle analyse le potentiel inclusif des circuits vivriers marchands à travers l'exemple de l'igname, du maïs et du niébé dans le corridor qui relie Ouagadougou à Accra. Après une analyse des pratiques transactionnelles de ces circuits basés sur des enquêtes réalisées auprès des commerçants et transporteurs sur le terrain, nous simulons les échanges potentiels à l'aide d'un modèle gravitaire. Nous nous appuyons pour cela sur des données relatives à la production, au commerce, et à la consommation et nous estimons l'accessibilité spatiale à l'aide de données routières localisées. Entre le disponible alimentaire et la demande des ménages, localiser ces échanges et leurs parcours questionne l'articulation des échelles du commerce vivrier, ainsi que la complémentarité des lieux et des activités au regard des liens entre agriculture, commerce et transport identifiés comme porteurs d'un développement spatialement inclusif. Dans un contexte de villes secondaires, de marges et de frontières, notre approche explore les interactions spatiales induites par le commerce de produits vivriers alimentaires ; le but étant de proposer des recommandations techniques à portée opérationnelle et politique et de contribuer à la réflexion sur l'intégration régionale et la sécurité alimentaire.

Open Access Journal ; The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture and collaborating partners have been introducing and disseminating short season soybean varieties among farm households in the Sudan savannas of Northern Nigeria since 2008. Yet, there is no empirical information on the profitability and technical efficiency of soybean production. This study estimated the profitability and efficiency of production of the early maturing soybean. Nine hundred soybean farming households in thirty communities from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kano State were sampled for the study. Partial budget technique and stochastic frontier production function were used to analyze the data elicited from the sampled farm households. Results from the study established the profitability of soybean production in all the three LGAs of Kano State. The highest profit of N178,613/ha and returns per naira invested of 2.5 respectively was earned by the soybvean producing households of Dawakin-Tofa LGA. Net profit was N157,261 in Shanono with a returns of 1.75 per naira invested. In Bunkure, net benefit was N143,342 with returns of 1.66 per Naira invested. The mean technical efficiency was highest for the Dawakin-Tofa LGA soybean growing households (87%), followed by Bunkure LGA (68%), and Shanono LGA (59%). This result implies that given the current level of resources available to the soybean producing households, they can increase their soybean output in the short run by a margin 13%, 32% and 41% in Dawakin-Tofa, Bunkure and Shanono LGAs respectively through efficient utilization of their available resources. FArmer-specific efficiency factors, which comprise age, education, access to credit, extension contact and farming experience, were found to be the significant factors that account for the observed variation in efficiency among the farmers in the 3 LGAs. It was recommended that the soybean farmers through the assistance of extension agents should be encouraged to adhere strictly to the recommended soybean production practices towards ensuring efficient utilization of their available resources so that they can improve their technical efficiency and increase their profit level towards enhancing their household food security. ; Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ; Peer Review

The organic waste, after separation from rejected and recyclable waste, is treated by anaerobic digestion and composting, in order to obtain biogas and a compost that can be used in agriculture. However, the current waste management legislation in Europe and expected developments regarding the coming directives on the application of the "End-of-waste" criteria, are leading to barriers on the use of fertilizers resulting from waste [1]. Within this context, the current work proposes an alternative strategy to the valorisation of compost, through the production of highvalue materials to be used in catalytic processes. To this aim, a compost obtained from a mechanical biological treatment plant for municipal solid waste was considered. The material was first washed (1 litter of water per 100 g of compost), in order to remove the soluble compounds and suspend solids. Then, two different materials were prepared by carbonization at 400 (C-400) and 800 ºC (C-800). In addition, following the procedure previously described [2], two materials were prepared with H2SO4 before and after the carbonization at 800 ºC (C-S-800 and C-800-S, respectively). Finally, the materials were sieved, in order to obtain samples in three different particle size ranges: 0-106 μm (LSp), 106-250 μm (MSp) and higher than 250 μm (HSp). All materials were assessed in H2O2 decomposition (Fig.1). As can be observed, conversions of H2O2 higher than 80 % at 24 h are obtained with the most of samples (much higher than the conversion obtained without material, ca. 30 %). In addition, the increase of the carbonization temperature results in materials with a catalytic activity greatly increased. On the opposite, the modification with H2SO4 shows a negative effect, likely due to an increase of acidity [3]. ; This work is a result of project VALORCOMP, funded by FEDER through Programme INTERREG V A Spain - Portugal (POCTEP) 2014–2020 and "AIProcMat@N2020 - Advanced Industrial Processes and Materials for a Sustainable Northern Region of Portugal 2020", with ...

The process, by which social security gained importance in the state's security system was extended over time. The twenty-year interwar period formed an important, but still preliminary period of development of such activity of the state. This was particularly visible in Poland of the time, where the still very traditional social and professional structure of the population, based on the domination of agriculture and rural inhabitants, left most of them by definition outside of the social security system.Irrespective of that, the category of social security was clearly present in the politics of the Polish state, however, its subjective scope, and in certain areas, its objective scope, remained decisively insufficient. Despite the relatively enlightened goals, particularly in the second half of the 1930s, the modern, and in certain instances quite extensive legislature, and the developed institutional paradigms, the level of social security provided by the available insurance system was rather humble. Its most defining characteristic, and at the same time, its greatest flaw, remained the selective character of the social security offered to the citizens (approx. ¾ of the population had no access to the system).Key words: social security; social insurance; healthcare; social care; Second Polish Republic ; Процес набуття соціальною безпекою значення в системі безпеки держави проходив поетапно. Міжвоєнне двадцятиліття становило важливий, але все ще вступний етап розвитку цього типу діяльності держави. Це було видно зокрема в тодішній Польщі, де досить традиційна і базована на домінуванні сільського господарства і сільського населення суспільно-професійна структура населення автоматично розміщувала переважну його більшість поза системою соціального захисту.Незалежно від цього, категорія соціальної безпеки в політиці польської держави була помітно присутня, однак її суб'єктна сфера, а також в деяких елементах предметна, була однозначно недостатньою. Незважаючи на відносно добре усвідомлення, особливо в II половині тридцятих років, цілей, сучасного і широкого, в багатьох випадках, законодавства та опрацьованих інституційних взірців рівень забезпеченої доступною системою асекурації соціальної безпеки був швидше скромний. Найбільш характерною його рисою і одночасно найбільшою вадою залишався вибірковий характер пропонованого громадянам соціального захисту (близько 3/4 мешканців доступу до системи не мали).Ключові слова: соціальна безпека; соцзабезпечення; охорона здоров'я; соціальна опіка; Друга Річпосполита.

MAKE IN INDIA is an scheme of Indian Government for promoting international, as well as domestic, organizations to produce goods in India. It was created by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 September 2014 with the motive to make India as a zenith place for FDI globally, leading China in addition to united states. MAKE IN INDIA is focussing on job creation , youth skilling, demand for skilled workforce in relation to skill development. Population of India is around 1.21 billion which is increasing rapidly at a rate of 17 undoubtedly India is one of the nations having workforce of the age group between 15 59 yrs, but unfortunately hardly 2 of this total workforce has gone through skills training .manpower of India is the most talented and hardworking one, therefore, India and can be a worldwide hub of skilled workforce through the programmes of training and development in upcoming time. Human resource is the most dynamic and versatile resource among all other resources like land , capital, money, machines etc. This is the only resource which needs to be upgraded from time to time so that they can make the best utilization of rest of the resources of an organization as well as of the nation too. Training and development is a tool or a technique to bridge the gap between upgraded skills of the workforce and need of the job. In today's scenario fast technological advancements taking place every here and now in the world. So, the Human resource is the backbone of any nation and to harness this resource through skill development should be the prime motive of every nation. This paper is an attempt to highlight the significance of skill development in the light of training and development as well as to highlight the govt. Initiatives in this regard, as the workforce is moving from agriculture to manufacturing and service sectors. Arisha Siddiqui | Sana Iqbal "Empowering Skills of Indian Workforce through Training and Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development ...

The integration processes and establishment of big corporation play important role in the current conditions of crisis. The Government plays the leading role in the development of national corporate sector. The state policy is considered to be the main regulator of corporate external and internal relations. The regulation should be on the systematic basis from the legislation and regulation of international activity to the structural changes. Regional corporations take place in different industrial branches and agriculture as well. For regional authorities this is a possibility of economic and political strengthening of their power and to solve the regional social tasks. When supporting the corporations it is necessary to consider corporate relations, prior branches of a region, the content of corporate groups, their structure and form. The authors outline that it is necessary to develop efficient economic mechanism of corporate management for successful work of integrated structures. The authors have developed this mechanism. It allows to provide the stable management structure, unite managerial, technological and financial services and to get significant synergy effect. ; В современных условиях нестабильных экономических отношений все большую роль играют процессы интеграции и создания крупных корпоративных формирований. Ведущую роль в развитии отечественного корпоративного сектора играет государство. Поэтому именно государственная политика выступает в качестве основного регулятора корпоративных отношений, как внешних, так и внутренних взаимоотношений между субъектами объединений. Регулирование должно носить системный характер начиная с формирования законодательной базы и регулирования международной деятельности компании и завершая структурными изменениями. Все большее место в различных отраслях производства занимают корпоративные объединения регионального уровня. Эта тенденция характерна и для сферы АПК. Для региональных властей это возможность экономического и политического укрепления местной власти, а также возможность решать социальные задачи регионального уровня. При поддержке корпоративных формирований необходимо учитывать уровень реализации корпоративных отношений, отраслевые приоритеты региона, состав корпоративных групп, их структуру и форму. Для успешной работы интегрированных структур необходимо разработать эффективный организационно-экономический механизм управления корпоративным формированием. Авторами такой механизм разработан. Он позволит иметь устойчивую и стабильную структуру управления, объединить управленческие, технологические, финансовые службы, а также получить значительный синергетический эффект.

During an insect sampling program in alfalfa crops near Montpellier, France in 2011, Lacanobia oleracea larvae were collected that died due to nucleopolyhedrovirus infection (LaolNPV). This virus was subjected to molecular and biological characterization. The virus was a multiple nucleocapsid NPV that showed similar restriction profiles to Mamestra configurata NPV-A (MacoNPV-A) but with significant differences. Polypeptide analysis demonstrated similar proteins in occlusion bodies and occlusion derived virions, to those observed in NPVs from Mamestra spp. Terminal sequencing revealed that the genome organization shared similarity with that of MacoNPV-A. The most homologous virus was MacoNPV-A 90/2 isolate (95.63% identity and 96.47% similarity), followed by MacoNPV-A 90/4 strain (95.37% and 96.26%), MacoNPV-B (89.21% and 93.53%) and M. brassicae MNPV (89.42% and 93.74%). Phylogenetic analysis performed with lef-8, lef-9, polh and a concatenated set of genes showed that LaolNPV and the Mamestra spp. NPVs clustered together with HaMNPV, but with a closer genetic distance to MacoNPV-A strains. The Kimura 2-parameter (K-2-P) distances of the complete genes were greater than 0.05 between LaolNPV and the MbMNPV/MacoNPV-B/HaMNPV complex, which indicates that LaolNPV is a distinct species. K-2-P distances were in the range 0.015–0.050 for comparisons of LaolNPV with MacoNPV-A strains, such that additional biological characteristics should be evaluated to determine species status. While MacoNPV-A was pathogenic to seven lepidopteran species tested, LaolNPV was only pathogenic to Chrysodeixis chalcites. Given these findings, Lacanobia oleracea nucleopolyhedrovirus should be considered as a new species in the Alphabaculovirus genus. ; This study received financial support from the National Institute of Agricultural Research from the Spanish Ministry project RTA2013-00114-C02-02 (Dr. Oihane Simón) and from the Department of Industry of the Government of Navarre project IIQ1406-RI1 (Dr. Primitivo Caballero). This study was supported in part by funding from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Project J000197 (Dr. Martin A. Erlandson). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ; Peer reviewed

This study is concerned about marketing challenges of Micro and small enterprises of Bishoftu town with a view to analyzing their impact on marketing efficiency of the underlying enterprises and forward best strategies that contributes to their success. Both primarily and secondary data were collected using structured questioner, and published and unpublished documents respectively. By using probability sampling technique 342 respondents were selected from 2621 operators. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing data. The study revealed that all the respondents were literate and engaged in manufacturing, constriction, trade, service and urban agriculture, within the three micro and small enterprises centers found in the study area. Factors such as marketing skill, legal and regulatory factors, infrastructure, local supply, and technical support are statistically significant; whereas, marketing skill and access to finance are not significantly determine the dependent variable, marketing efficiency. The study finds that there is inadequate market linkage between and among Micro and small enterprises and other large scale enterprises; despite their high level collateral requirements, credit and saving institutions were found to be the dominant financing bodies to the Micro and small enterprises. It has further observed that there is lack of credit facility, shortage of local supply and poor technical support to micro and small enterprises by concerned institutions.The study recommends that the Micro and small enterprise development office of the town shall create adequate market linkage between and among micro and small enterprises, medium and large scale enterprises and other governmental and non-governmental organizations. The regional government needs to find alternative financing institutions, design transparent credit facilities and improve policies and strategies to minimize collateral requirements so as to encourage micro and small enterprises obtain sufficient fund to finance their businesses. It is also advised that Shortage of local supply needs to be solved through strengthening the existing suppliers, establishing new micro and small enterprise suppliers and then creating market linkage with the underlying enterprises

This study is concerned about marketing challenges of Micro and small enterprises of Bishoftu town with a view to analyzing their impact on marketing efficiency of the underlying enterprises and forward best strategies that contributes to their success. Both primarily and secondary data were collected using structured questioner, and published and unpublished documents respectively. By using probability sampling technique 342 respondents were selected from 2621 operators. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing data. The study revealed that all the respondents were literate and engaged in manufacturing, constriction, trade, service and urban agriculture, within the three micro and small enterprises centers found in the study area. Factors such as marketing skill, legal and regulatory factors, infrastructure, local supply, and technical support are statistically significant; whereas, marketing skill and access to finance are not significantly determine the dependent variable, marketing efficiency. The study finds that there is inadequate market linkage between and among Micro and small enterprises and other large scale enterprises; despite their high level collateral requirements, credit and saving institutions were found to be the dominant financing bodies to the Micro and small enterprises. It has further observed that there is lack of credit facility, shortage of local supply and poor technical support to micro and small enterprises by concerned institutions.The study recommends that the Micro and small enterprise development office of the town shall create adequate market linkage between and among micro and small enterprises, medium and large scale enterprises and other governmental and non-governmental organizations. The regional government needs to find alternative financing institutions, design transparent credit facilities and improve policies and strategies to minimize collateral requirements so as to encourage micro and small enterprises obtain sufficient fund to finance their businesses. It is also advised that Shortage of local supply needs to be solved through strengthening the existing suppliers, establishing new micro and small enterprise suppliers and then creating market linkage with the underlying enterprises

Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura is one of the areas that is supporting the task of head area which is led by a head of department, responsible to the governor through secretary, in charge of carrying out the affairs of Government in the field of agriculture. This research aims to analyze the factors that affect the performance of employees by the number of samples 44 people from all clerk Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Lampung.This research aims to find out how the influence of situational leadership style and capacity of employees on performance clerk at the Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Lampung. In this study the author using qualitative and quantitative data analysis. As for the technique of collecting data in this study are: observation, questionnaires and documentation.Based on the processing of the data, in general the results of this research are as follows: (1) Situational leadership style has a positive influence on performance clerk in the Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Lampung it is visible from the correlation coefficient test results showed that the leadership style of situsional with the performance of the employees of the Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Lampung has the direction of the positive correlations and relationships both within the category of very high. (2) the capacity of the Employee has a positive influence on performance clerk in the Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Lampung, it terlihar of the correlation coefficient test results showed that the capacity of the employee with the employee's performance in the Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Lampung has the direction of the positive correlations and relationships both within the category of very high. (3) the style of leadership and a capacity of situsional employees on performance clerk has a strong and positive influence so that it can be drawn the conclusion that if the leadership style of situsional and the capacity of employees is not implemented properly then it will degrade the performance of employees. Keywords: Situational Leadership Styles, Employee Performance, Capacity

Background: Thailand is now facing an epidemic of childhood overweight and its associated burdens. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between childhood weight statuses, health status and school achievement across determinants among primary school children.Methods: The data from the 4th Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES IV) 2008-2009, that was collected from 4,821 children who lived in municipal and non-municipal areas, age between 6 and 12 years old, were analyzed to address the research objective. Ordinal and logistic regression models were employed to analyze the association between determinants and consequences of child weight status, health status and school achievement.Results: The ordinal regression analysis found that the factors of being a girl, having more siblings, exercising less than three times per week, spending more time viewing TV, having a higher-educated father, or having a father who worked as a business owner, in government or agriculture had the highest probability of being associated with overweight/obese among school-age children. In addition, underweight children, living in a non-municipal area, the third-order birth, ate less than 3 meals per day, exercised less than 3 days per week, and with difficult access to a fitness center had the highest probability of low educational achievement. The logistic regression analysis found that children who sleep less than 10 hours per day, exercised less than three times per week, obese or with difficult access to a fitness center had the highest probability of being asthmatic, while a girl, younger, exercised less than three times per week, spending more time on the computer for games and learning, obese/overweight, living adjacent to facility for computer game or living farther away from a food shop/outlet had the highest probability of being hypertensive.Conclusion: The burden of overweight/obesity tends to relate to adverse health consequences. This finding demonstrates the importance of this issue for policymakers who should consider the different child, parental and environmental characteristics in weight control/reduction programs for youth. Health promotion policy should include behavioral change and health education interventions.

Disease resistance is critical in soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks. are destructive pathogens of wheat. Phenotypic data were collected at diverse locations for resistance to leaf rust (North Carolina, Texas, and Virginia) and stripe rust (Arkansas, North Carolina, Georgia, Texas, and Virginia) in a Pioneer '25R47' /'Jamestown' (P47/JT) population composed of 186 FDX5:9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The P47/JT RILs were geno-typed with a public 90K iSelect single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Analysis of the P47/ JT population identified two quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf rust resistance on chromosome 5B and two QTL for stripe rust resistance on chromosomes 3B and 6A. These QTL were associated with both infection type and disease severity. Phenotypic variation (%) explained by the putative leaf rust resistance QTL of Jamestown on 5B was as high as 22.1%. Variation explained by the putative stripe rust resistance QTL of Jamestown on 3B and 6A was as high as 11.1 and 14.3%, respectively. Introgression and pyramiding of these QTL with other genes conferring resistance to leaf and stripe rusts via marker-assisted selection will facilitate development of soft red winter wheat cultivars having more durable resistance. ; Virginia Small Grains Board; Virginia Agricultural Council; USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [58-6645-4-032] ; This study was supported with funding provided by the Virginia Small Grains Board and the Virginia Agricultural Council. This material is based on work supported by the USDA, under Agreement no. 58-6645-4-032. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. The authors would like to thank the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium for providing prepublication access to the IWGSC RefSeq v1.0. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee