Suchergebnisse

The article is dedicated to analyzing the features of far-left political parties in the Czech Republic in 1990–2015. In particular, the paper focuses on the main among them, i.e. the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM). The author reviewed the history and origin of far-left political parties in the Czech Republic, outlined the parameters of their ideological positioning and ideolog- ical peculiarities of the Czech left extremism. As a result, it was proved that the extreme left-wing political parties in the Czech Republic are unreformed one and are used to reflect the most classical principles of Marxism-Leninism, though they have become relevant within the whole history of the Czech Republic. The researcher argued that the relevance of the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia as a key far-left party in the Czech Republic is outlined with its parliamentary representation, but simultaneously is determined with non-participation of the party in the government formation, especially due to the use of the measures of political isolation (technique of "cordon sanitaire").

An economy system cannot run smoothly without functions of budgeting and regulating function. Whether it to manage the government spending or to determine the taxes. Both functions was recorded in the early Islamic government. This financial institution known as Baitul Mal. Recently the baitul mal just functioned as not functioned as financial institution that manages the government spending and earning. However if we were have a look back to the Islamic history, baitul mal were functioned as called the ministry of finance and the bank central. History financial institution that manage the government spending and earning exactly look like what the Ministry of finance and The bank Central function. This writing tries to show based on the early Islamic government about the baitul mal function, how it was work, who was in charge and soon. Afterward those functions are compared. In conclusion, the Baitul mal in the early Islamic Government had similar function as the Ministry of finance and the bank Central function on the modern government.

This research paper focuses on the rich heritage of the Chicano people who chose to express their culture through the customization of vehicles. I discuss the history of the automobile in the Chicano culture and the reasons why low riding became such a dominant idea for Chicanos. This paper will show how customizing in terms of painting, lowering, sculpting, and fabricating gave the Chicanos a favorable alternative activity instead of joining a gang. I will further discuss how this positive movement motivated and generated a generation of workers who excelled in the field of automobile customization through their artistic capabilities and/or their skilled labor learned during WWII. My paper will show how customizing helped integrate art and politics especially during the Chicano Art Movement. Many chose to express their needs and also the needs of their community through their designs and intricate paintings found throughout their vehicles. I will be utilizing popular Chicano magazines, books on Chicano art, and history books focusing on the low riding generation.

En el presente artículo se presenta un panorama general de los movimientos rurales en América Latina durante las últimas dos décadas, anclando los mencionados movimientos en la política continental y de sus respectivos países, tomando como referencia los problemas de la reforma agraria, las luchas de los pueblos originarios, la resistencia a la destrucción ambiental causada por el desarrollo del capitalismo en la región y también la participación de las mujeres.Palabras clave: Movimientos rurales – América Latina – Historia reciente – Reforma agraria. The rural social movements in Latin America. A recent history (1991-2011).The present article presents an overview of the latin american rural movements during the past two decades, analyzing the political role they play in their local countries as well as in the continental arena, in regard to the problems of agrarian reform, native americans' struggles, participation of women, and the resistance against the environmental destruction caused by the capitalist development in the region.Keywords: Rural movements – Latin America – Recent history – Agrarian Reform.

This paper examines the dynamic boundaries of Chinese identities and the role of family narratives in their formation. It examines the interplay between history and memory, focusing on traditions regarding ancestors of the Fujian Guo lineage of Muslim descent in China, Taiwan and the Philippines, over six centuries. Existing scholarship approaches these traditions in ethnic terms, corresponding to the ethnic discourse prevalent in the P.R.C., focusing solely on mainland groups, but overlooking other variations found overseas. Hence, scholars portray the changing narratives as reflecting a linear process: from past sinicisation, to today's more "historically authentic" Hui identity. The present analysis offers a broader socio-cultural overview, showing how the pan-Asian Guo lineage re-imagines familial history across time and space by highlighting the forced assimilation narrative in which their early Ming ancestors falsely adopted Guo Ziyi, a Han-Chinese national hero, as their ancestor. The paper follows the narrative's continuous transformations, analysing different interpretations of assuming Chinese identity among Muslims' descendants within different contexts of contemporary Asia.

The digitization of literary texts and periodicals brings with it exciting possibilities, including the ability to create visualizations of places and trajectories using mapping technologies. However, such mapping also has the potential to be somewhat perilous, as researchers need to invest significant amounts of time without always being certain in advance about the intellectual benefits that will result. In this article, I ask what it means to map place in relation to little magazines—places of publication, places mentioned, places whose broader imaginative pull is attested to by depictions of travel and tourism—and consider not only how but also why and when it is worth going to the trouble of geocoding texts from literature, literary history, and book history. I take several case studies of digital projects which use mapping of various sorts to explore what can be discovered from geographical and other forms of visualization, and I suggest particular kinds of data, and text, that are especially beneficial to bring within the ambit of this kind of methodological approach.

En el siguiente artículo exponemos los resultados de una investigación que dio cuenta de los escenarios de participación política en los llanos del Yarí, una región habitada por campesinos de tradición comunista, con presencia histórica de las FARC y en donde el estado despliega desde 2003 la más grande estrategia contrainsurgente que se haya adelantado en la historia del país. Para tal efecto, nuestro foco de atención se orienta hacia la relación que existe entre las condiciones del ejercicio político (entendido como la construcción del sentido de lo político y la definición/participación en escenarios propios de la política) con la historia del proceso de apropiación territorial. Tal inspección nos ha permitido establecer que en esta región la plataforma de acción de la organización comunitaria, constituye tanto su plataforma político-social, como su escenario político-electoral, indagaremos más fondo sobre estas relaciones a partir de las narrativas de las experiencias campesinas, las condiciones sociales de la región y la aguda situación de guerra que allí viven.

Objective: To analyze the process of appearance of the technical courses and professionals Nutritionists and antecedents, created by the Food Service of Social Security - SAPS, through the Collection of its Bulletins. Method: The bibliographical research of the Bulletins was carried out, Institutional Magazine that circulated in the period from November 1944 to November 1946, with the target audience being the employees of the SAPS Restaurants. Results: The analysis of these sources suggests that this Bulletin registered the evolution of these courses as well as several researches developed in the area of ​​nutrition, with abundant written and imagistic documentation, through facsimiles subtitled within these publications. Conclusion: The Bulletins brought journalistic coverage of great importance and significance to the history of the profession, composed of 118 articles and 173 facsimiles with rich details. It is pointed out to the relevance of these documents not only for the history of the profession of Nutritionist as of its antecedents.

Heritage and cultural tourism (HCT) is currently one of the fastest growing fields in the tourism domain. Tourism as a composite field of study has traditionally been located within the economic and business management sector. However, due to the range of social, political and ethical issues pertaining to heritage and cultural tourism, it can be argued that it should be also located within a humanities context. After elucidating certain key concepts, the paper will consider the interdisciplinary nature of tourism theorist John Tribe. The relevance of tourism and its relationship with the humanities cluster of established disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, art, literature, history and heriatge will be discussed. It will become apparent that heritage and cultural tourism is also locating itself within the domain of the humanities, despite efforts to dislocate it. Key words: heritage and cultural tourism (HCT), economic and business management, humanities, mutlidisciplinary field, interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary researchDisciplines: anthropology, archeology, art, business ecobomics, geography, heritage, history, literature, film, socioloy

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as orientações metodológicas do chamado "contextualismo linguístico" da "Escola de Cambridge", buscando apreender os principais aspectos da crítica reivindicada pelos historiadores ingleses ao longo da década de 1960. Estes buscavam uma nova perspectiva metodológica que apreendesse adequadamente o contexto e o significado das ideias do passado. Nesse sentido, será chamada especial atenção para Quentin Skinner, considerado o principal autor desta perspectiva, e seu ensaio clássico Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas publicado em 1969. Num segundo momento, nos debruçaremos numa das críticas a esta abordagem, realizada por Joseph Femia em seu artigo An Historicist Critique of "Revisionist" Methods for Studying the History of Ideas (1981).Com isso, espera-se colocar em relevo o modo pelo qual o contextualismo linguístico influenciou o debate metodológico no âmbito da "história das ideias", assumindo o artigo de 1969 de Skinner como o mais influente nesse aspecto. De modo complementar, busca-se ressaltar um momento das críticas à abordagem skinneriana, a partir das contribuições de Femia, seguindo as orientações metodológicas do marxista italiano Antonio Gramsci.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to highlight and report on women's work during and after the Christchurch earthquakes.Design/methodology/approach– The paper reports findings of some of a large number of life history interviews conducted with Christchurch women in 2012.Findings– Three specific sets of roles for women are identified, arising from the interviews that were undertaken. The first role is in keeping families together, meeting a range of diverse family needs and supporting all family members. The second role is in working with, and leading, post-quake services to offer disaster relief. Finally, a third role is in working in a range of ways to engage with and beautify communities and improve their lives.Practical implications– Women's work is often unseen in the post-earthquake environment. But this lack of visibility should not imply that women are not active in earthquake recovery.Originality/value– As far as the authors are aware, this is the first life history study of women undertaken to understand the impact of the earthquakes on their lives.

Background: Homelessness is associated with an increased incidence of mental illness and risk of self-harm, including suicide. Aims: To assess the prevalence of self-harm (including nonsuicidal self-injury and attempted suicide) among a UK sample of homeless adults and to compare demographic, clinical, and homeless-related variables to determine which are linked to self-harm in this population. Method: A sample of 80 homeless adults were interviewed regarding history of self-harm, mental health history, demographic, and homeless-related information. Results: Sixty-eight percent of the sample reported past acts of self-harm. Those with histories of self-harm started using significantly more substances since becoming homeless and were younger when they first became homeless. They were also significantly more likely to have a past psychiatric admission and thoughts of self-harm in the past year. Conclusion: Self-harm is common among homeless adults and linked to long-term and enduring social and mental health concerns.

This article reports on a study about the ways in which the Holocaust is portrayed in four school history textbooks in England. It offers detailed analysis and critical insights into the content of these textbooks, which are commonly used to support the teaching of this compulsory aspect of the history National Curriculum to pupils aged eleven to fourteen. The study draws on a recent national report based on the responses of more than 2,000 teachers and explicitly uses the education guidelines of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) as a benchmark against which to evaluate the textbook content. It identifies a number of potentially alarming findings of which two themes predominate: a common tendency for textbooks to present an "Auschwitz-centric," "perpetrator narrative" and a widespread failure to sensitively present Jewish life and agency before, during, and after the war. Ultimately, the article calls for the improvement of textbook content, but equally recognizes the need for teachers to be knowledgeable, judicious, and critical when using textbooks in their classrooms.

This article looks at the town engineers in South Africa prior to Union in 1910. It briefly examines the growth in the number of municipalities and town engineers in the country in this period and investigates the background and training of these engineers; why municipalities decided to appoint an engineer; and what kind of appointment processes were followed. Finally the relations between engineers and town councils and the prevailing circumstances at the end of the engineers' tenures is studied. The article also presents ten specific cases which have reference to the development of water supply. It emerges that most early town engineers received training via apprenticeship for the positions they held, and that there was added pressure from elected councillors in municipalities who were prone to monitor assiduously how officials were spending public money. It is also clear that engineers who did not have earlier municipal experience were bound to have problems in their interaction with town councillors.Keywords: Municipal history, civil engineering, water supply, sanitation, Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, TransvaalDisciplines: History, Engineering, Public Management

This paper sets out to disentangle what is discernible from the historical record and the evidence from legendary accounts of the spread of Islam by conquest. It argues that rather than by the sword, Islam came to Spain through the development and succession of ideas. The paper further deconstructs the theory of Islamic governance, attributing forms of rule not to Islamic teachings but to prevailing power structures and struggles. It is contended that what is known of specific incidents reaches us through the narration of the incident, rather than by its physical existence. If a serious event takes place, it reaches us through a serious Hadith (like the Prophet's Hadith), but if the incident is not very significant or did not take place at all – but an authority wants it to have happened – it reaches us as a legend. The legend starts where history ends, and takes its place to complete the story's events. History depicts and legend narrates.