Suchergebnisse

Purpose: This paper investigates the relationship between financial development and economic growth for three European Union member countries, Greece, Ireland and UK. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this reason the existence of the long-run relationship between these variables applying the cointegration analysis is examined as suggested by Johansen and Juselious. Findings: Granger causality tests based on a vector error correction model (VECM) indicated that there is a causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in the three European Union's member countries. Practical Implications: The Vector Error Correction specification forces the long-run behaviour of the endogenous variables to converge to their cointegrating relationships, while accommodates the short-run dynamics. Originality/Value: The study offers an in-depth insight into econometric modelling of economic growth. ; peer-reviewed

FACEPA. Farm Accountancy Cost Estimation and Policy Analysis of European Agriculture (European Commission FP7) ; Grant 212292 ; The general objective of this study is to examine total factor productivity growth in multi-output farms, in which dairy is the major activity, located in countries that are members of the European Union (EU). In particular, we are interested in comparing productivity growth between and within countries. To this end, we examine whether countries share the same technology or not. We then address the following question: Are subsides provided to farms in the frame of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU productivity enhancing or not?

Examines the environmental implication of economic deregulation through case studies of the energy, transport and water sectors. The book deals with options for deregulation, looking at self-regulation, negotiated agreements and environmental management systems. Presenting evidence from a number of EU member states and Hungary, a likely contender for EU membership, this work points at particular challenges facing these countries

This revised edition offers a comprehensive overview of the challenges confronting the political system as well as the international politics of the European Union. It draws from a spectrum of regional integration theories to determine what the Union actually is and how it is developing

Intro -- EUROPEAN UNION AND TRADE BARRIERS IN EUROPE -- EUROPEAN UNION AND TRADE BARRIERS IN EUROPE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 OVERVIEW -- Chapter 2 IMPORT POLICIES -- CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION -- EU ENLARGEMENT -- WTO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGREEMENT -- RESTRICTIONS AFFECTING U.S. WINE EXPORTS -- BANANAS -- MARKET ACCESS RESTRICTIONS FOR U.S. PHARMACEUTICALS -- Austria -- Belgium -- Bulgaria -- Cyprus -- Czech Republic -- Denmark -- Finland -- France -- Germany -- Hungary -- Italy -- Lithuania -- The Netherlands -- Poland -- Portugal -- Spain -- Slovakia -- Slovenia -- United Kingdom (UK) -- URANIUM IMPORTS -- Chapter 3 STANDARDS, TESTING, LABELING AND CERTIFICATION -- OVERVIEW -- STANDARDIZATION -- Pressure Equipment -- The Netherlands -- AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS -- Co-Existence -- Traceability and Labeling -- Austria -- Baltic Countries -- Cyprus -- France -- Germany -- Greece -- Hungary -- Italy -- Luxembourg -- Poland -- Portugal -- Romania -- Spain -- BARRIERS AFFECTING TRADE IN CATTLE, BEEF, POULTRY, AND ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS -- EU HORMONE DIRECTIVE -- ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS LEGISLATION -- POULTRY MEAT RESTRICTIONS -- Lithuania -- Finland and Sweden -- Romania and Bulgaria -- BARRIERS AFFECTING VITAMINS AND HEALTH FOOD PRODUCTS -- Greece -- Spain -- Chapter 4 EMERGING REGULATORY BARRIERS -- EU DIRECTIVE ON WOOD PACKAGING MATERIAL (WPM) -- CHEMICALS -- COSMETICS -- WASTE MANAGEMENT (WEEE AND ROHS DIRECTIVES) -- BATTERY DIRECTIVE -- ENERGY USING PRODUCTS (EUP) -- METRIC DIRECTIVE -- ACCELERATION OF THE PHASE-OUTS OF OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES AND GREENHOUSE GASES -- OTHER MEMBER STATE MEASURES -- Austria -- Denmark -- Finland -- Greece -- Chapter 5 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT -- OTHER MEMBER STATE MEASURES -- Austria -- Czech Republic -- France -- Greece -- Ireland -- Italy -- Lithuania -- Portugal -- Slovenia.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği'ne (AB) tam üyelik sürecinde rekabet politikası başlığı altında yer alan devlet yardımı kavramı açıklanmaya çalışmıştır. Daha sonra devlet yardımı kavramının AB ülkeleri ve Türkiye'deki yapısı ile parasal büyüklükleri ele alınmıştır. Son olarak da ülkemiz mevzuatında yer alan devlet yardımlarının AB'ye tam üyelik süresinde AB mevzuatına uyumu ve yaşanması muhtemel sorunlara yer verilmiştir. ; The present study aims to explain the concept of state aid under the title of competition policy in the process of Turkey's full membership to the European Union. The structure of the concept of state aid in European Union countries and Turkey, as well as the relevant figures, was investigated. Finally, harmonisation of state aids in Turkey's legislation with the European Union legislation in the process of full membership and potential problems were discussed herewith.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği'ne (AB) tam üyelik sürecinde rekabet politikası başlığı altında yer alan devlet yardımı kavramı açıklanmaya çalışmıştır. Daha sonra devlet yardımı kavramının AB ülkeleri ve Türkiye'deki yapısı ile parasal büyüklükleri ele alınmıştır. Son olarak da ülkemiz mevzuatında yer alan devlet yardımlarının AB 'ye tam üyelik süresinde AB mevzuatına uyumu ve yaşanması muhtemel sorunlara yer verilmiştir. ; The present study aims to explain the concept of state aid under the title of competition policy in the process of Turkey's full membership to the European Union. The structure of the concept of state aid in European Union countries and Turkey, as well as the relevant figures, was investigated. Finally, harmonization of state aids in Turkey's legislation with the European Union legislation in the process of full membership and potential problems were discussed herewith.

Analysis of sustainable development of European Union Countries including economic, socail and ecological profile as well as the degree of harmonization has been carried out ; Проведено аналіз стійкого розвитку країн Європейського Союзу. Визначено особливості методики такого аналізу, зокрема економічні, соціальні та екологічні розрізи, а також ступінь їх гармонізації

In Antiquity the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, sustained that the purpose of the State is to be, within the possibilities, a society of equal human beings. Our days the democracy answers the need of different components of the society to express themselves in the means of respect towards equality. Democratic practices cannot be conceived outside the nation. The problem is if there exists the possibility for it to function on the supranational level. The reflections with respect to the multiculturalism and the new conceptions which is elaborated starting from the European construction, make actual the connection between nation and democracy. ; peer-reviewed

The aim of the article is to present the issues of choosing the optimal procedure for the linear ordering of objects and assessing the correctness of the selected methods of the linear ordering. The goal was achieved by creating linear ordering of objects using various methods for normalizing the value of diagnostic features. An aggregate measure based on various properties of the synthetic feature was used to select the optimal ordering, among others, the compatibility of the mapping, the correlation of the synthetic line variable with diagnostic variables, the rank correlation of the synthetic variable with diagnostic variables and the variability of the synthetic variable. The study was conducted based on the example of data concerning 28 European Union countries according to the level of socio-economic development in the context of sustainable development concerning society, economy and the environment. The linear ordering of countries using the quotient transformation with an arithmetic mean turned out to be the most correct ordering

2005 yılından bugüne Türk bankacılık sektöründe kredilerde bir patlama yaşanmıştır. Budurumu doğuran önemli ekonomik parametrelerin başında ekonomik büyüme, enflasyon, dış ticaret hacmi, özelleştirme ve döviz rezervlerinde yaşanan olumlu gelişmeler gelmektedir. Bireysel krediler ve ipotek kredileri gün geçtikçe büyüyen kredi hacminde önemli bir payı teşkil etmektedir. Ayrıca, yabancı bankaların 2005 yılından beri Türkiye?deki ağırlıkları daha da artmaktadır. Özellikle gelişen kredilere bağlı olarak tedbirli risk yönetimi ve bunun yanında etkili denetim önem arz etmektedir. Bu konulara gereken önem v erilmediği takdirde uluslararası finansal krizler yaşanabilir. ; An eruption in the credits in the Turkish banking sector has been experienced since 2005. the significant economic parameters coming first that cause this situation are economic growth, inflation, foreign trade volume, privatization, and positive developments in the foreign exchange reserves. Personal loans and mortgage loans constitute a significant portion of the growing credit volume. Moreover, the weights of the foreign banks in Turkey have further increased since 2005. Especially, depending on the improving loans prudent risk management and also effective supervision are important. If necessary attention is not given to these subjects, international financial crises may be seen.

1. The establishment of the European Communities and European Union and sources of law -- 2. Relationship between EU law and national law -- 3. European Union institutions -- 4. Preliminary rulings -- 5. Free movement of persons and citizenship -- 6. EU sex equality legislation -- 7. Free movement of goods -- 8. Putting it into practice.