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The present paper briefly recalls theoretical preconditions for forming a new approach – linguistic political prognostics. The authors review theories and methods used for strengthening a future focus in political discourses and work out two main tools – a model of future and a scenario of future

Livro de atas da III Conferência Internacional - Investigação, Práticas e Contextos em Educação, Leiria, 09-10 de maio ; New migration flows from countries with no historical links with Portugal have transformed the country's sociolinguistic landscape, creating an impact on the social aspects and ethnoglinguistic identities. The Portuguese state faced a challenge of promoting a quality education for immigrant children within the course on integration. After the initial lack of response to the linguistic diversity in Portugal's schools, the Portuguese government formulated political guidelines for language-in-education diversity management. Most recent studies about multilingual contexts in education have gradually shifted the focus to teaching as a social practice while considering teachers, educators, caregivers, parents and students as actors of this practice. This change in perspective reinforces the link between practices and discourses that shape them. Drawing on the interview and observational data from a longitudinal linguistic ethnography around the site of an informal school organized by immigrant parents (2004-2012), this paper aims to discuss the ways in which language teaching practices and their interpretation by institutional agents, parents and children reflect the changes in offcial discourses in mainstream educational setings (e.g., PLNM discourses). The main emphasis is placed on identifying the discursive spaces available for other languages in Portuguese mainstream education and on the impact the commonly accepted language ideologies may have on identities of multilingual speakers.

The purpose of this research is to address the issue of the interaction between the author of a literary text and the reader in the system of linguocognitive intention. The article covers the problems of contextual interpretation of the author's linguistic and artistic strategies, their personality traits, verbal means of creating the image of the author in the addressee's consciousness. In order to get the image of the recipient of the text, one has to make subconscious inferences from the author's comments, statements addressed to the reader, lyrical and epic digressions, etc. The analysis of the texts by modern Ukrainian authors – their linguopoetic paradigm and the intimization of speech technique deployed in order to produce a greater illocutionary effect on the addressee – has made it possible to establish the means and strategies which stimulate communicative process and enhance understanding between the author and the reader. Another problem highlighted in the research is critical perception of the text creator's ego conception and the probability of providing feedback within the 'author/reader' dimension

AbstractThis paper makes a linguistic reinterpretation of Welford's 1997 hijack hypothesis, arguing that the hijack of the discourse of the radical environment is simply a process of appropriation, i.e., the adoption of particular words in order to make use of them within the green corporations' own frames of experience. Results are presented from an empirical study using two large 'databases' of language. These are electronic collections of texts taken from British environmental organizations – the radical non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), and UK corporations that wish to be environmentally friendly – green business. The results show that there are very marked differences in the physical contextualization of a selection of words which are used by both the radical NGOs and green business. The paper concludes by noting the need to take the analysis a stage further by comparing the usage of particular words by the two discourse communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

In this paper, we introduce the Swiss-AL workbench, an online tool for corpus linguistic discourse analysis. The workbench enables the analysis of Swiss-AL, a multilingual Swiss web corpus with sources from media, politics, industry, science, and civil society. The workbench differs from other corpus analysis tools in three characteristics: (1) easy access and tidy interface, (2) focus on visualizations, and (3) wide range of analysis options, ranging from classic corpus linguistic analysis (e.g., collocation analysis) to more recent NLP approaches (topic modeling and word embeddings). It is designed for researchers of various disciplines, practitioners, and students.

This monograph is about the semiotics of lexical signs, and is of particular interest for historical linguists, in particular those interested in etymology. Specialists in linguistic change have long noticed that certain classes of words seem to be in part exempt from regular patterns of sound change, or perhaps more likely to undergo unusual analogical shifts. The problem is far worse for the etymologist, since the lexicon of every language contains some hundreds of semiotically problematic vocables which must, if the etymological dictionaries are ever to be completed, be explained somehow. Always been struck by the sheer capriciousness of etymologies in which some sort of unusual form-meaning relations are involved, the author, with the help of C.S. Peirce, provides answers to crucial questions in his search to make sense of those capricious etymologies.

Up until 1814 Norway was a province governed from Copenhagen. After its defeat in the Napoleonic wars, Denmark was forced to give Norway to Sweden. On the political side, the direct results of these events were the establishment of the Norwegian state and the writing of the constitution. On the cultural and literary side, the union with Sweden created the condition for inquiries about national identity. But if Norway had a political identity, the foundation of a cultural identity took more time, mostly because of the lack of a unique, national language. This article focuses on some linguistic and political policies from the 1830s and their influence on literature. Important themes such as oral/written language, the conflicts between Henrik Wergeland and Johan Sebastian Welhaven, national/cultural identity, tradition/innovation will be analyzed.

AbstractCognition has traditionally been understood in terms of internal mental representations, and computational operations carried out on internal mental representations. Radical approaches propose to reconceive cognition in terms of agent-environment dynamics. An outstanding challenge for such a philosophical project is how to scale-up from perception and action to cases of what is typically called 'higher-order' cognition such as linguistic thought, the case we focus on in this paper. Perception and action are naturally described in terms of agent-environment dynamics, but can a person's thoughts about absent, abstract or counterfactual states of affairs also be accounted for in such terms? We argue such a question will seem pressing so long as one fails to appreciate how richly resourceful the human ecological niche is in terms of the affordances it provides. The explanatory work that is supposedly done by mental representations in a philosophical analysis of cognition, can instead be done by looking outside of the head to the environment structured by sociomaterial practices, and the affordances it makes available. Once one recognizes how much of the human ecological niche has become structured by activities of talking and writing, this should take away at least some of the motivation for understanding linguistic thinking in terms of content-bearing internal representations. We'll argue that people can think about absent, abstract or counterfactual because of their skills for engaging with what we will call "enlanguaged affordances". We make use of the phenomenological analysis of speech in Merleau-Ponty to show how the multiple affordances an individual is ready to engage with in a particular situation will typically include enlanguaged affordances.

In April of 1997, the governments of Quebec and Canada, through a constitutional amendment, eliminated all denominational rights and privileges respecting education in the province of Quebec. Consequently, Quebec abolished denominational school boards, replacing them with English-language and French-language boards. This paper examines the nature of this transition with an emphasis on what is now the Eastern Shores School Board, an English-language board serving the Gaspe peninsula, the Magdalen Islands, and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence River.Through interviewing members of the board hierarchy, and examining texts, articles, government documents, and newspaper accounts, it was concluded that the transition was successfully implemented in spite of the magnitude of the reform, and extremely tight government-imposed deadlines. In fact, the most difficult and controversial changes to the education system were those which were ancillary to the actual replacement of denominational school boards with linguistic ones. These were unrelated changes that the Province of Quebec chose to implement concurrently including the amalgamation of same-language school boards serving adjacent geographic areas and the imposition of severe budgetary constraints on boards. The move to a linguistic system, and the consequent elimination of denominational divisions in teacher organizations were relatively non-controversial, both among politicians and the general public. What little controversy that did exist concerned not the protection of religious rights, but the protection of language rights.Several issues remain to be dealt with by the provincial government, including what was a denominationally divided Superior Council of Education, and the local property tax, now stripped of its denominational protection.

Quantifying the speed of linguistic change is challenging because the historical evolution of languages is sparsely documented. Consequently, traditional methods rely on phylogenetic reconstruction. Here, we propose a model-based approach to the problem through the analysis of language change as a stochastic process combining vertical descent, spatial interactions, and mutations in both dimensions. A notion of linguistic temperature emerges naturally from this analysis as a dimensionless measure of the propensity of a linguistic feature to undergo change. We demonstrate how temperatures of linguistic features can be inferred from their present-day geospatial distributions, without recourse to information about their phylogenies. Thus, the evolutionary dynamics of language, operating across thousands of years, leave a measurable geospatial signature. This signature licenses inferences about the historical evolution of languages even in the absence of longitudinal data. ; H.K. was funded by the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, The Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Foundation, the Economic and Social Research Council (ES/S011382/1), and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), as well as the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments. T.G. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; the Agency AEI and FEDER (EU) under the grant PACSS (RTI2018-093732-B-C22); and the Maria de Maeztu program for Unit of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2017-0711). ; Peer reviewed

Villains need to be de-villainized for talking to begin; this is a cornerstone of negotiation literature. But what happens when villains are proscribed, or listed as terrorists? While an emerging body of work has started to explore the effects of proscription by emphasizing aspects of demonization and banishment, it has not so far explored how banishment ends. This article offers a theoretical and empirical contribution to this discussion by exploring the effects of proscription on the dynamic interaction between conflict parties and how negotiations still do take place with armed groups listed as terrorists. To do this it maps representations made by the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia through a qualitative discourse analysis of 335 statements triangulated with 50 personal interviews. The article argues that proscription makes the initiation of negotiations impossible because it leads to a form of extreme vilification. This is especially true for the government, unable to switch directly to de-vilifying its proscribed enemy. First it has to normalize its vilification – a concept I describe here as a 'linguistic ceasefire'. This helps explain how banishment can end and peace negotiations can be initiated in an age of proscription.

The object of this article is the methodology of psycholinguistics concerning analyzing concepts. The article's relevance is due to the need to apply new approaches to linguistic phenomena analysis, for which a purely linguistic methodology is not enough. The com­pilation method, a comparative method, and a linguistic modeling method are utilized to fulfill the study's aim. The author describes in detail the research gaps that exist at the moment in psycholinguistics, in particular, the structure of the relationship between sen­sory, short-term and long-term memory is still not fully defined, and therefore the basis for a deep analysis of conceptualization is not fully clear. The author concludes that the psycholinguistic methodology has the greatest explanatory power concerning the cognitive process of conceptualization. At the same time, in the case of comparative analysis of va­rious linguistic cultures, the need for additional use of the conceptual and methodological apparatus of cultural studies and ethnology is actualized.

Linguistics is a branch of science that can maneuver to solve various problems. Linguistics began to succeed in canceling the predicate given to laypeople, namely as a linguistic science. Linguistics can even be a solution for various other disciplines, including fiscal and monetary policy issues. Fiscal and monetary policies that require analysis of the past, present, and future phenomena can be answered immediately with a linguistic analysis knife. Critical discourse analysis is confidently taking action as a solution to this problem. The holistic interpretative approach used in this study tries to analyze the text by relating and relevant to the context and then abstracting it into a complete picture. This study succeeded in finding that critical discourse analysis can play a role in 3 things related to fiscal and monetary policy, namely: (1) text analysis is an analysis of linguistic elements in sentence construction used in formulating policies, (2) analysis of discourse practice is a background analysis behind the decision-makers who formulate policies and other situations and conditions behind the birth of business economic policies, and (3) analysis of socio-cultural and political is an analysis that is identifying the changes that occur as a result of these policies. This proves the effectiveness of Linguistics in studying fiscal and monetary policy issues.

This book challenges two tacit presumptions in the field of intercultural communication research. Firstly, misunderstandings can frequently be found in intercultural communication, although, one could not claim that intercultural communication is constituted by misunderstandings alone. This volume shows how new perspectives on linguistic analyses of intercultural communication go beyond the analysis of misunderstanding. Secondly, intercultural communication is not solely constituted by the fact that individuals from different cultural groups interact. Each contribution of this volume analyses

The linguistic anthropology of Oceania has seen vigorous and productive analysis of language ideologies, ritual performance, personhood, and agency. This article points to three related paths of inquiry that are especially promising. First, language ideologies are analyzed for the ways they shape expectations and interpretations of effective action and social identity. Second, processes of entextualization are examined with reference to Bible translation because Christianity is a dominant social force in contemporary Oceania. Third, prominent recent work on personhood and agency is reviewed, and scholars are urged to reconsider the classic Oceanic term mana in relation to changing understandings of power, including those wrought by religious transformations. These paths of inquiry are intertwined and cross-cutting and can lead to productive new understandings of ideologies and practices of stability and transformation.