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Problems of university administration are of crucial importance in our days. The Forum in this issue brings a series of views on authority in university administration. Some time ago (see vol. 2, number 1 of the Review) we published an article on university presidents. This article prompted a reaction from one of our readers in Germany, whose views we are publishing below. It shows that university administration is a problem in other countries as well and that the issues facing university administrators are remarkably similar regardless of their cultural setting.

The pipeline problem in academia refers to the underrepresentation of racial minorities, especially in certain fields, that becomes more obvious as one climbs the ivory tower. There has for some time been a side drumbeat about the relative lack of scholars who identify as conservative.
The post Of Pipelines and Presidents appeared first on American Enterprise Institute - AEI.

This is a copy of the illustration titled "Lincoln Writes Ellsworth's Parents" from Randall, Ruth Painter book "Colonel Elmer Ellsworth: A biography of Lincoln's friend and first hero of the Civil War." The letter is from President Abraham Lincoln to Mr. and Mrs. Ephraim Ellsworth regarding the death of their son. Dated May 25, 1861. The original letter for this illustration is courtesy of the Huntington Library.

"Dedication" -- "Contents" -- "Chapter 1: Introduction" -- "Twentieth-Century Successes" -- "A Disturbing Development" -- "The Importance of National, and Presidential, Action" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 2: Pandemic Influenza" -- "Influenza Is Not to Be Taken Lightly" -- "Influenza at Its Most Horrendous—So Far" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 3: Misguided Responses to Public Health Emergencies" -- "The Tragedies of Kalaupapa and Carville" -- ""The Magic of the Marketplace" and Public Health Emergencies" -- "Militant Passivity from the Left Hand, Authoritarianism from the Right" -- "Ideology, Incompetence, but Some Thoughtful Planning" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 4: Appropriate Responses to Public Health Emergencies" -- "Presidential Action and the San Francisco Earthquake" -- "Presidential Action and Hurricane Betsy" -- "Presidential Action and the Alaskan Earthquake" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 5: President R. Gerald Ford" -- "Vigorous Action to Defend Against a Threatened Pandemic" -- "Fair Game: The Politics of Piling On" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 6: President Ford's National Influenza Immunization Program: A Special Case" -- "The Background: Widespread Agreement" -- "The Launching of Ford's NIIP" -- "Obstacles Emerge" -- "No Pandemic Plus Health Risk Must Mean Fiasco: A Confused Discourse" -- "Turning from Talking Points to Analysis: NIIP as a Learning Experience" -- "Assessment of NIIP" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 7: Conclusions" -- "Emergency Management" -- "Lessons to Be Learned" -- "Notes" -- "Bibliography

The Arab world has experienced a large number of military presidencies since General Bakr Sidki's brief rule in Iraq in 1936. The phenomenon became of great significance beginning with Colonel Jamal ʿAbd al-Nasir's presidency in Egypt in the early 1950s, which established a model for similar regimes in Sudan, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and, at least initially, Libya under the self-promoted Colonel Muʿammar al-Qadhafi. The president who exchanged his uniform for a suit; an authoritarian style of political management in the name of a revolution against an old, foreign-dominated order; and the legitimacy obtained from laudable achievements in the international and economic sphere: these were all part of al-Nasir's influence and legacy.

AbstractIs President Donald Trump an outlier among presidents in the ways in which he meets with the press? Using comparative data for Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Trump, this article looks at how similar and different Trump is compared to his recent predecessors. While at one time presidents answered reporters' queries in presidential press conferences, today presidents have more opportunities to meet the press. All six presidents studied used three basic forums: press conferences, informal question‐and‐answer sessions, and interviews. They did so in ways consistent with their presidential goals and in settings in which they felt comfortable. In their first 32 months, all recent presidents employed strategies similar to ones that brought each to the presidency and then most found additional resources for communicating with the public. Except for President Trump, Presidents Reagan through Obama did so with relatively stable White House leadership teams and coordinated communications organizational structures. In this way as well as in significant others, the five previous presidents had more in common with one another than they did with President Trump.

Khadidja Hassan Zidane told a stunned Senegalese courtroom that Chad's former president, Hissène Habré had raped her on four separate occasions. But judges ruled Zidane's testimony came too late, and Habré was acquitted of this charge. While Habré's convictions for torture, war crimes, and crimes against humanity still stand, Kim Thuy Seelinger, the director of the Sexual Violence Program at the Human Rights Center at University of California, Berkeley, writes that Zidane's case raises an important question: How can courts balance survivors' readiness to disclose with defendants' right to know the full charges against them?

Chris Edwards


The next president will face a huge federal budget mess. Spending is driving up debt to unprecedented levels and is pushing federal intrusion ever deeper into state, local, and private affairs.
The most important question we should ask of 2024 presidential candidates is will they cut spending? Will they use their bully pulpit and budgeting powers to push Congress to cut?
The next president must be a dedicated spending cutter. Numerous candidates for the White House have track records on spending as governors. The table below includes governors who are in the race and some governors who are possible candidates.
The table shows general fund spending, which is the part of state budgets that governors have the most control over. The table shows spending for the first and last fiscal years each governor was in office. For governors still in office, the last year is their proposed spending for 2024. The table shows the annual average percent change in spending, and the change on a per‐​capita basis because state population growth rates differ.
By these metrics, the most frugal governors have been Asa Hutchinson, Mike Pence, Kim Reynolds, Chris Sununu, Chris Christie, and Doug Burgum, while the least frugal has been Gavin Newsom, Ron DeSantis, Gretchen Whitmer, and Nikki Haley.
Some caveats are discussed below. Also, broader fiscal assessments of these governors are available in Cato's fiscal report cards.







Notes and Caveats
The spending data is from NASBO fiscal reports. The most recent report includes 2022, 2023, and 2024. For prior years, I used the final "actual" figures from previous editions.
General fund spending growth is just one measure of a governor's fiscal performance.
Governors share fiscal powers with state legislatures, which may or may not be controlled by the same party.
The recent high inflation may have increased averages for current governors, although some current governors, such as Kim Reynolds, have nonetheless held spending down.
California's per‐​capita spending increased more than total spending because the state's population is shrinking.
I used Census actual state populations up until 2022, and then estimated 2023 and 2024 based on the growth in 2022.
Broader discussions of these governors and their fiscal policies are in Cato report cards.