Suchergebnisse

"From Afghanistan to Angola, Indonesia to Iran, and Colombia to Congo, violent reactions erupt, states collapse, and militaries relentlessly pursue operations doomed to fail. And yet, no useful theory exists to explain this common tragedy. All over the world, people and states clash in violent crucibles outside their established political systems as unfulfilled demands of order, control, and productivity bend the modern state to a breaking point. This book methodically lays out how dysfunctional governments disrupt social orders, make territory insecure, and interfere with political-economic institutions, giving rise to a form of organized violence against the state known as irregular war. Research reveals why this frequent phenomenon is so poorly understood among conventional forces participating in those conflicts and the states who send their children to die in them."--

"A new economic history which uncovers the forgotten left-wing, anti-imperial, pacifist origins of economic cosmopolitanism and free trade from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. The post-1945 international free-trade regime was established to foster a more integrated, prosperous, and peaceful world. As US Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1933-1944), "Father of the United Nations" and one of the regime's principal architects, explained in his memoirs, "unhampered trade dovetailed with peace; high tariffs, trade barriers, and unfair economic competition, with war." Remarkably, this same economic order is now under assault from the country most involved in its creation: the United States. A global economic nationalist resurgence - heralded by Donald Trump's "America First" protectionism and resultant trade wars with the USA's closest allies and trading partners - now looks to transform over seventy years of regional and global market integration into an illiberal economic order resembling that of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Economic cosmopolitan critics of today's retreat from free trade have offered dire warnings that doing so would be catastrophic for global consumers and an existential threat to regional and world peace. But under what circumstances did this ideological marriage of free trade, prosperity, and peace arise? Who were its main adherents? How did this same free-trade ideology succeed in becoming the new economic orthodoxy following the Second World War? And how might the successes and failures of this earlier struggle to reform the economic order inform today's globalization crisis? In Pax Economica, economic historian Marc-William Palen finds answers amid a century of transnational peace and anti-imperial activism that stretched from Britain's unilateral adoption of free trade in 1846 to the founding of the US-led liberal trading system that arose immediately after the Second World War. Over five thematic chapters, considering the period from different perspectives, and utilising archival research conducted in Europe, North America, and Australia, Palen shows that this politico-ideological struggle to create a more prosperous and peaceful world through free trade pitted economic cosmopolitans against economic nationalists. Cosmopolitans sought to counter the industrialising world's embrace of economic nationalism because they believed - much like today's critics of Trump's tariffs and Brexit - that economic nationalism laid the groundwork for trade wars, high prices for consumers, and geopolitical conflict; while free trade created market interdependence, prosperity, social justice, and a more peaceful world. Pax Economica argues that this cosmopolitan fight for free trade laid foundations for a century of anti-imperial and peace activism across the globe - and paved the way for today's global trade regime now under siege."

Sozialversicherungsrecht für Praxis und Studium: Der in Ausbildung und Praxis bewährte und topaktuelle Leitfaden bietet eine übersichtliche Darstellung der gesetzlichen Kranken-, Renten-, Pflege-, Unfall- und Arbeitslosenversicherung sowie aller übrigen Bereiche des Sozialrechts. Das für viele unentbehrliche sozialrechtliche Grundwissen wird verständlich und systematisch erläutert - dabei orientiert sich die Gliederung am Aufbau des SGB. Beispiele und Schaubilder sowie Hinweise auf gesetzliche und andere Fundstellen erleichtern den Zugang zu diesem Rechtsgebiet. Damit wird das Buch den Wünschen der in Wirtschaft, Verwaltung und im Sozialbereich Tätigen ebenso gerecht wie den Anforderungen der Lehrenden, Lernenden und Studierenden im gesamten Bereich der Aus- und Fortbildung. Auch alle, die sich schnell und zuverlässig über ihre sozialen Rechte informieren möchten, werden diesen Leitfaden mit Erfolg benutzen. Die Neuauflage gibt den aktuellen Rechtsstand wieder, einschließlich der Neuregelungen zum sozialen Entschädigungsrecht im SGB XIV, das den veränderten Erfordernissen der Zeit und neuen Opfergruppen Rechnung trägt

"This book focuses on why the diffusion of the political theology of royal wisdom created 'Solomonic' princes with intellectual interests all around the medieval West and how these learned rulers changed the face of western Europe through their policies and the cultural power of medieval monarchy. Princely wisdom narratives have been seen simply as a tool of royal propaganda in the Middle Ages but these narratives were much more than propaganda, being rather a coherent ideology which transformed princely courts, shaped mentalities, and influenced key political decisions. This cultural power of medieval monarchy was channelled mainly through princely patronage of learning and the arts, but the rise of administrative monarchy and its bureaucracy are equally related to these policies. This can only be understood through a cultural approach to the history of medieval politics, that is, a history of the relationship between knowledge and power in the Middle Ages, a topic much analysed regarding the medieval Church but sometimes neglected in the princely sphere. This volume is a study supplies an important comparative study of the reception in princely courts of a key aspect of European medieval civilization: the ideal of Christian sapiential rulership and its corollary, rationality in government. This volume is essential reading to for students and scholars interested in understanding the medieval roots of the cultural process which gave rise to the modern state"--

"Drawing on a rich bank of data from the Old Bailey Corpus, this groundbreaking book provides the first full study of intensifiers in Late Modern English. It shows how usage varies for a wide variety of reasons, making it essential reading for scholars and advanced students in English historical linguistics"--

Die vorliegende Textsammlung soll dem Rechtssuchenden die bedeutendsten und am häufigsten genutzten Gesetze und Verordnungen von kommunalpolitischer Bedeutung erschließen. Der Band richtet sich insbesondere an all diejenigen, die in Politik, Verwaltung, Justiz, Anwaltschaft, Vereinen und Verbänden die Rechtspraxis der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung mitgestalten. Freilich sei sie auch dem interessierten Bürger an die Hand gegeben

"Multi-modal argumentation with its logical, emotional, visceral and kisceral arguments is an important addition to logical argumentation, especially when real-life situations are considered. It does not discard logic but adds other modes of argumentation to complement it, to emphasize the realistic environments of communication.. In this sense, the multi-modal theory is important for the area of legal argumentation, where even in the reasoning of judicial decisions traces of a flesh-and-blood personality, who decided the case and wrote the reasons, can be found. This book presents a comprehensive analysis of this informal logic in legal argumentation and its practicality within the law. It argues that by building on the dialectical and rhetorical models of legal argument, the former being important for clear cases while the latter for unclear ones, the multi-modal theory of legal argumentation brings together logic and psychology in a holistic or integral perspective. The approach is not only descriptive, identifying the traces of alternate arguments in judicial decisions, but is also normative, presenting the criteria for evaluation that multi-modal arguments need to face to attain validity in the legal context. The work will be of interest to academics and researchers in the areas of Legal Theory, Legal Linguistics, Philosophy of Law, and Communication Studies"--

"India's Economic Corridor Initiatives highlights key aspects of current discourses on India's initiative of the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and Chabahar, and their geo-economic significance. INSTC was founded by India, Russia, and Iran, and the Chabahar port in Iran provides a major prospective conduit for India's interchange and commerce with West Central Asia while maintaining a strategic distance from Pakistan's entry route. This book analyses the drastic changes in the equation of international relations in general, and more particularly between India and Eurasian countries. Contributors from Iran, Central Asia, Russia, Armenia and Europe provide a wide spectrum of opinion and analysis on the subject. The chapters claim that these corridors provide an alternative to the BRI and can play a pivotal role in de-escalating tensions through negotiations. A new addition to the debate on contemporary dynamics in Eurasia and India, this book will be of interest to researchers studying economic corridors, transnational and trans-regional economic relationships, security studies, regional and area studies, international relations and Indo-Iran-Russia relations"--

Das Vorhaben "Urbane Umweltziele" entwickelte einen Vorschlag für ein Set an Kenn- und Zielgrößen für eine umweltschonende Siedlungsentwicklung. Für ausgewählte Kenngrößen wurden Zielgrößen bestimmt, die statistisch und qualitativ geprüft sowie anhand von drei Beispielstädten validiert wurden. Diese Zielgrößen bilden die Grundlage, um geeignete Maßnahmen für einen umfassenden urbanen Umweltschutz zu ermitteln und den Akteur*innen sowie politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen in Kommunen, aber auch in Bund und Länder vorzuschlagen. Das entwickelte Set von Zielgrößen reflektiert die Gesamtheit von qualitativ formulierten Zielsetzungen, quantitativen Kenn- und Zielgrößen, potenziellen Zielkonflikten in und zwischen Handlungsfeldern sowie Maßnahmenvorschlägen zu ihrer Umsetzung. Damit setzen die vorgeschlagenen Zielgrößen Orientierungsmarken für Akteur*innen in Politik und Verwaltung auf den verschiedenen föderalen und räumlichen Ebenen sowie in Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft und sollen zur Bestimmung eigener, orts- und bedarfsspezifischer Zielgrößen anregen.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I Introduction -- 1 The Medieval City: Stones, Communities, Concepts -- 1 Approaching the Medieval City -- 2 The Medieval City: Stones, People, Concepts -- 3 Volume Overview -- Bibliography -- Part II Monumentalising the City -- 2 Civic Commitment in the Post-Roman West: The Visigothic Case Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Medieval Cities as Place-Defined Communities -- 2.1 The Psychology of Place -- 2.2 Citizenship and Community Belonging -- 2.3 Leading the People, Managing the City: Elites and Civic Commitment -- 2.4 Popular Participation and Community Involvement -- 3 Commitment, Consensus, and Contribution: Civic Communities in Visigothic Iberia -- 3.1 Powerholders in Visigothic Cities -- 3.2 The Many Faces of Civic Commitment -- Institutional Contributions -- Private Donations -- Communal Action -- 4 Community and Investment in the Early Medieval City-Some Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 3 Water Provision in Early Islamic Cities: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Urban Water Governance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Islamic Urban Organisation -- 3 Tribes and Water Management -- 4 Cooperation Between the State and Local Actors -- 5 Water in the Caliphal Capitals -- 6 Residential Water Supply and Commercial Involvement -- 7 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 4 Places of Love and Honour: Cities and Almost-Cities in the Carolingian World -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The City and the Civitas -- 3 The Non-urban civitas -- 4 The Palace as civitas -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 5 Expressing Civic Pride in Stone: Church Towers and Town Halls in the Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Low Countries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Prodigy Towers -- 2.1 Tower Competition in Delft -- 2.2 The New Church's Tower in Delft as a Joint Effort.