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The government budget reflects the government's spending priorities. It is deemed important to assess whether the priorities as outlined in the proposed 2020 President's Budget are consistent with the policy pronouncements of the current administration. In this light, the study examines whether budget allocation is consistent with the priorities that the government identified in its various policy pronouncements. It also evaluates the overall fiscal picture as projected in the proposed budget and its consistency with the macroeconomic assumptions. In addition, it examines the national revenue program, which together with the national expenditure program indicates the overall fiscal health in the 2020. The budget analysis indicates the high spending priority given to social services sector and economic services sector that is consistent with the policy pronouncements of the government. Nevertheless, the budget cut in the health sector needs further inquiry.

Nowadays, global economic growth has been severely affected beyond anything passed in nearly a century. The outbreak of the coronavirus disease has brought its negative impact and destructive outcome on the economies alongside with the sharp fluctuations in global energy and stock markets. There might be observed a subsequent sharp decline in the number of transactions and practical shutdown of many markets due to the large-scale quarantine and self-isolation measures. Taking into consideration the abovementioned factors, it becomes clear that there emerged a need to revise all economic forecasts for 2020-2021. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicted a decline of the global economic growth rate in April (-3%), but in accordance with the current circumstances, the figures were revised in June, representing a 4.9% decrease. In spite of a fact that Azerbaijan became one of the first countries among the post-soviet countries, that allocated the largest share of GDP, in order to eliminate the economic problems caused due to the pandemic, the impact of the emerged difficulties made a necessity to revise the budget.

The Philippines has been badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this light, the analysis of the 2021 President's Budget determines how the pandemic shaped the budgetary distribution of government's limited financial resources with focus on the top six departments/recipients for FY 2021. It shows the high spending priority given to social and economic services which is consistent with the policy pronouncements of the government for FY 2021. The government's greatest priority for FY 2021 is to sustain and strengthen government efforts in responding to and recovering from the pandemic. Nevertheless, the emphasis on these spending priorities in the 2021 President's Budget Message creates an expectation that DOH and DSWD will rank much higher in the top 10 departments/recipients for FY 2021. Apparently, the 2021 proposed budget gives higher spending priority on maintenance of peace and order and national defense, which placed DILG and DND in higher spots compared to DOH and DSWD. A close examination of various government documents (e.g., DBM 2020e) indicates that the proposed budget for National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) is part of the government's recovery program to adapt to the post-pandemic life.

The report has eight sections. Following the introductory section, rationale for introducing a UPS in the Bangladesh context is argued in Section 2. A brief overview of international pension models and country experiences is presented in Section 3. Section 4 provides a brief synopsis of the current available pension schemes in Bangladesh. Section 5 puts forward an implementation strategy with tentative timelines based on drawing insights from global experiences and various frameworks in place in different countries. Sections 6, 7 and 8 propose the necessary legal, administrative and financing framework respectively for introducing a UPS in Bangladesh. The report ends with a set of recommendations for addressing the key challenges which are anticipated in view of introducing the proposed UPS in Bangladesh.

The Government of Canada and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) established the Integrated Disaster Risk Management (IDRM) Fund in February 2013. The Fund was created to advance proactive integrated disaster risk management measures on a regional basis within ADB's developing member countries in Southeast Asia, specifically, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. During its operation, the IDRM Fund funded 19 technical assistance projects with both a gender-focused approach to IDRM and that reflect regional solutions that produce cross-border disaster management. This publication discusses the lessons learned from and achievements of the IDRM Fund.

Some commentators argue that China deliberately pursues the "debt trap diplomacy" to project undue political influence over smaller countries that borrow from it under the Belt and Road Initiative. Our recent book, which includes a survey of stakeholders, examines the facts and myth surrounding this thesis.

Policymakers presently face a quandary in relation to the COVID-19 response on whether to continue with the current constraints (to reduce mortality and morbidity costs) or to relax the containment measures (to reduce the socio-economic costs). The trade-offs between the two types of costs, can be managed with proper government policies for managing the disease as well as for managing the adverse effects to the economy due to the disease. In the long-run, the challenge for the government will be to strengthen institutions and expertise in the country so that the socio-economic costs of disasters such as the pandemic are minimised.

This report, prepared under CPD's flagship programme titled Independent Review of Bangladesh Development (IRBD), seeks to address the aforesaid questions in the context of Bangladesh. The present report, which is the second instalment of the State of the Bangladesh Economy in FY2019, also seeks to relate the economic growth narrative with the progress in macroeconomic variables. Correspondence and consistency between the growth trajectory and the progress in macroeconomic correlates are critically important for economic growth's effectiveness, reliability and sustainability. Along with this, macroeconomic policy is also pertinent for economic growth and development. For example, capital accumulation in the form of private investment is a key factor for economic growth. Sectoral policies including fiscal and monetary policies and sound financial sector management have important ramifications for private investment. Similarly, development of human capital, an important driver of economic growth, will call for adequate and efficient use of public resources. Progressive fiscal policy plays an important role in ensuring that the outcome of growth is distributionally fair. As was noted above, trade and external sector policies also drive growth outcomes. Taking cue from the above, the present report tracks development in some key areas of macroeconomic management to have a deeper understanding of a number of important growth drivers of Bangladesh. In connection with the above, it may be recalled that, the present government was sworn in January, 2019. The ruling party, Bangladesh Awami League, had put forward several pledges as regards macroeconomic management in its election manifesto of 2018.

ADB Basic 2019 Statistics: Metadata covering core indicators, land, population, Sustainable Developmental Goals, national accounts, money, debt, reserves and Government Finance in chart form with indicators, definitions and data sources.

ADB Basic 2019 Statistics covering core indicators, land, population, Sustainable Developmental Goals, national accounts, money, debt, reserves and Government Finance.

The short note on the 2019 President's Budget attempts to assess the proposed shift from obligation-based to cash-based budgeting and its implications on the 2019 proposed national budget. In the process, it aims to inform policy deliberations on Senate Bill 1761 (formerly Senate Bill 1450), otherwise known as the Budget Reform Bill, by discussing the concept of cash-based budgeting with focus on its advantages and disadvantages and also, its implications on the 2019 proposed national budget and on government operations and practices. It also examines the past disbursement performance of the national government as well as the factors affecting their performance. The note argues for the need to reconsider DBM's initiative to shift from obligation-based to annual cash-based budget scheme in view of the perennial issues that government agencies/units have been facing.

The Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SPDI) provides the global sustainable development community with representation from Pakistan as well as South Asia as a whole. This quarterly publication provides Research and News bulletins on current events affecting Pakistan and surrounding South Asian countries.

Following the recent political turmoil in Papua New Guinea, the new prime minister James Marape signaled a shift in its foreign policy away from traditional partners to re-engage Southeast Asia. How can ASEAN help PNG develop its national capacity, such as in disaster preparedness?

This country diagnostics assessment seeks to strengthen financial preparedness for disasters in Nepal, focusing on insurance and other risk transfer instruments. It explores the current application of disaster risk financing solutions by the government, businesses, and individual households; related demand and supply constraints; and opportunities for improvement. The assessment forms one of a series of country diagnostics undertaken using a common methodology to determine the state of the enabling environment for disaster risk financing.

The adoption of 4IR technology enables apparel manufacturers to cater to the rapidly evolving, demand driven global fashion market. The industry is shifting from a 'push' model, where customer demand was set by promotional campaigns of manufacturers and brands, to a 'pull' model where demand is being set by customers themselves. Today, customer demand is determined by exposure to fashion trends and customer insights through social media, while the industry has to respond rapidly to instant changes in customer demand through shorter production cycles. The automation of the apparel production process through 4IR technologies is crucial in responding to such shorter turnaround cycles. For instance, automated finishing technology cuts the finishing time of a pair of Levi's jeans made using manual processes from 20 minutes, to just 90 seconds.