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In Schumpeter's model of economic development money plays an essential role and capitalism is seen as a structurally unstable process. These distinctive features of Schumpeterian theory are due to the endogeneity of innovations and, as a consequence, of money supply. The endogenous nature of technical change and the picture of the capitalist process as a monetary circuit are also important elements in the Marxian critique of political economy. This paper reviews the Schumpeterian system, confronts it with Marx's theory, and proposes Schumpeter (as well as the heterodox stream in monetary analysis in which he must be placed) as a more appropriate critical reference for a renewal of Marxian theory of value, money and capital than Ricardian or neo-Ricardian theories.

SummaryThe author contends that there is no uniform mode of agricultural development. Rather, three major "ideal‐types" have to be distinguished: capitalist agriculture, peasant agriculture, and socialist agriculture. The continuing effectiveness of the first of these as a productive system, especially in its modern form, "agribusiness", is discussed, as well as its social dysfunctions, as are attempts to develop socialist alternatives, from collectivization to cooperatives, and the continuing peasant dream of independence on one's own family small‐holding.ZusammenfassungNach Meinung des Verfassers gibt es keinen einheitlichen Weg der landwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Vielmehr müssen drei "Idealtypen" unterschieden werden: kapitalistische Landwirtschaft, bäuerliche Landwirtschaft und sozialistische Landwirtschaft. Die anhaltende Effektivität der ersteren als Produktionssystem, vor allem in ihrer modernen Form, dem "Agribusiness", wird diskutiert, ebenso deren soziale Unzulänglichkeiten, die Versuche zur Entwicklung sozialistischer Alternativen von Kollektivierung bis hin zu Genossenschaften und der fortwährende Traum des Bauern von Unabhängigkeit auf dem eigenen kleinen Familienbetrieb.

For some decades, small-scale enterprise has been instrumental for economic growth, poverty alleviation and the promotion of more pluralist societies. For the whole economics system, small-scale enterprise may be regarded as 'safety valve' since it guarantees people feeling of having a job and reduces the level of insecurity. The success of small-scale enterprise development depends on the support from the government and other stake holders.

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- About the Editors Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Foreword Page -- Preface Page -- Contents Page -- List of Contributors Page -- 1. Introduction to Entrepreneurship Development in Food Processing -- Introduction -- Entrepreneurship development in agriculture -- Food Processing Industry in India -- Entrepreneurship development programmes -- Role of business incubators in promoting entrepreneurships -- Conclusion -- References -- 2. Making of An Entrepreneur - Concepts and Functions -- Introduction -- Concept of entrepreneurship -- Reasons for starting business -- Qualities of an entrepreneur -- Creating a framework for entrepreneurship -- Functions of entrepreneurs -- Need help for establishing the business? -- References -- 3. Role of ABI for Entrepreneurship Development in Value Addition Sector -- Introduction -- IPR and its management -- Business incubation in Agriculture -- Agri-business incubation and technology transfer in NARS -- Potential institutional innovations for strengthening Agri-Incubation and commercialization capacity of NARS in India -- Agricultural technology management and IPR- emerging opportunities and challenges -- Business incubation initiatives in fish processing sector -- Success stories of business incubation programme at ICAR-CIFT -- Conclusion -- References -- 4. Trends in Food Processing- An Opportunity to Entrepreneur -- Introduction -- Technology for the production of tasty Ready-To-Eat snacks -- Technology for the production of healthy vacuum fried chips -- Technology for the production of Intermediate moisture foods (IMF) -- Microencapsulation technology for the production of healthy ready to drink mix formulations -- Technology for the production of nutraceutical pasta -- Retort processing technology for shelf - stable convenience food -- Conclusion.

E.D.A. status report of Indiana activities -- Carter's revised, proposed E.D.A. budget -- Explanation from the Federal Economic Development Administration on the grant rate -- Status of L.P.W. and E.D.A. legislation --Press release on Fred Brenner. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Before 1973 there were only a few cooperative societies existing in Afghanistan. But with the end of the monarchy, the new republican government assigned importance to the establishment of agricultural cooperatives. Consequently the number of cooperatives rose from 6 in 1973 to 124 in early 1978. Most of these cooperatives are agricultural multipurpose societies, a type which is the most difficult to manage but certainly has the greatest potential to promote the economies and households of members. Membership has increased to more than 15 000 persons and total paid-up share capital makes up for about 14 Mill. Afs. This is a remarkable success in mere numerical terms, taking into account the short time of development. However, a deeper analysis of the existing societies reveals that their range of activities is still very limited. The main activity of the cooperatives is to act as outlets of productive credits to members. Necessary funds are made available by the Agricultural Development Bank. The possibility to receive credit is still the main incentive for farmers to join the societies. Repayment rates of cooperative members are clearly higher than the corresponding rates of non-members who receive credit through the bank under similar conditions. The main activities in the field of marketing are the collection and export of raisins to the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China and the marketing of cotton for para-statal companies. The benefits from cooperative marketing of raisins are not equally shared among all members, as only a minority, usually consisting of the upper strata of members, takes part in marketing. Had the government not taken the initiative, there would only be a few cooperatives existing by now. The responsible "Department for Cooperative Development" has an agent in every cooperative, who manages the society as long as members are not able to employ their own staff. There is a manifest dependency of the cooperatives and their members on this personnel and on the government. This ...

Education, involves the formal teaching of pupils from the primary school, secondary school to higher institution education. The education development extended to adult education and extension programs. Development, on the other hand, is the planned process where certain action or communication is designed to change the environment, techniques, institutions or attitudes of people. There is always an interrelationship in between education and development. The effect of education and development is causing an upward shift along the spiral of development to achieve the target to be a developed country. In Peninsular Malaysia, the government hits an impressive rate of getting the schooling age children to at least receive their formal primary and secondary education at school. However, there is a high dropped out rate after the fifth year of secondary school education into the universities. A university needs to move in at least four dimensions, which consist of the pursuit of excellence, restructuring dynamics, language and learning, and Acts and action. Excellence should pervade not only in academic aspects but should also in sports, library, museum, cultural activities, publications and landscape. University paths the ways to achieve our national objectives, especially in development. It has worked along with the national philosophy, Rukun Tetangga. Admission to the universities is restructured to have a balance ethnicity among the students. The academic has stressed on the tolerance in between cultures while orientating our society towards a science and technology developed country. Language plays an important role in education. It is the key to open the door to learning and thinking. It also serves as the bridge that unites all the Malaysians. By law, students are not prohibited from taking part in any political demonstrations or involving in any political parties or trade union. Development in Malaysia is mainly concerned with the restructuring of the society to eradicate poverty. Education is directly concerned in development, especially in the tertiary and secondary level. With the steps of restructuring the society and implementation of the national language, the imbalances in between ethnicity would be soon dressed. And excellence shall be the ultimate criterion for Malaysia to become a developed nation.