Suchergebnisse

United States; 8 articles.

Este documento tiene como objetivo identificar los efectos dinámicos de la política fiscal sobre la producción y la distribución del ingreso en Colombia para el periodo 1990-2006. Se pretende indagar sobre la efectividad de la política fiscal en términos de la magnitud y longitud de los multiplicadores fiscales sobre estas dos variables. Para ello, se utiliza un modelo VAR con información trimestral de gastos e impuestos del gobierno nacional, PIB real y el coeficiente Gini. Los resultados encontrados sugieren la escasa efectividad de la política fiscal para reducir la inequidad del ingreso, dada la baja magnitud de los multiplicadores fiscales y su corta longitud. ; This paper aims to demonstrate empirically the effects of fiscal policy on output and income distribution in Colombia for the period 1990-2006. It sought to establish whether fiscal policy has been effective in achieving stabilization of the economy and reducing distributive gaps. In order to carry out it uses a VAR model with quarterly reporting of spending and taxes from national government, real GDP and the Gini coefficient. This issue is relevant for at least two reasons. First, there appears to be no consensus among economist about the magnitude and the sign of the effects of fiscal policy, which is a good opportunity to provide evidence, marginally, on the subject for a developing country. Secondly, fiscal policy has been viewed as a good instrument to directly affect both in economic cycle as the inequality. Therefore, the inclusion of this latter variable in these models is a valuable manner to assess fiscal policy both from standpoint of their effectiveness in accomplishing this objective as to establish which instruments achieve this objective better.

"In the United States, the crisis of undocumented immigrants draws strong opinions from both sides of the debate. For those who immigrate, concerns over safety, incorporation, and fair treatment arise upon arrival. For others, the perceived economic, political, and cultural impact of newcomers can feel threatening. In this informative three-volume set, top immigration scholars explain perspectives from every angle, examining facts and seeking solutions to counter the controversies often brought on by the current state of undocumented immigrant affairs. Immigration expert and set editor Lois Lorentzen leads a stellar team of contributors, laying out history, theories, and legislation in the first book; human rights, sexuality, and health in the second; and economics, politics, and morality in the final volume. From family separation, to human trafficking, to notions of citizenship, this provocative study captures the human costs associated with this type of immigration in the United States, questions policies intended to protect the "American way of life," and offers strategies for easing tensions between immigrants and natural-born citizens in everyday life. Features: Discusses topics rarely covered, including sexual migration, religion, values, and mental health; Features essays across disciplines in the fields of psychology, law, politics, social work, public policy, history, education, and health; Includes tables, maps, photos, and a bibliography for each volume to provide visual interest and additional learning opportunities; Probes the latest controversies centered on recent immigration legislation in Arizona, Georgia, and Alabama; and Familiarizes readers with history, theories, and legislation related to undocumented migration in the United States"--Publisher's website

The main idea of this article is the justification of the necessity and the creation of conditions for attracting investments in economic entities of agrarian and agro-industrial production. The authors consider topical issues of increasing the investment attractiveness of industries and businesses in agro-industrial production of the subsidized region at the federal and regional levels. The authors note that ensuring the food security of the administrative district, the region and the country as a whole largely depends on the solution of this large-scale task. The forms, methods and mechanisms affecting the activation and inflow of investment and financial resources into agro-industrial production are exemplified by the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District (in particular, the Chechen Republic). The subject of the study is the organizational-economic relations connected with increasing the investment attractiveness of the agrarian sector and agro-industrial production. The article gives authors' definition of the economic category of the "investment attractiveness". The results can be used by the government of agro-industrial production of subsidized subjects of Russia in the development and implementation of regional agricultural development programs and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food, as well as social development of rural areas. ; peer-reviewed

ABSTRACTThis study demonstrates the relationship among inputs, indirect effects, and intended and unanticipated consequences in determining the content and scope of growth management policies in three California cities. It shows that while a short time frame obfuscates a number of policy impacts, local policymakers can achieve policy objectives if they are aware of and utilize options that are available to them during the implementation process. The study suggests that despite the very real constraints imposed by state legislation and weak regional governments, local governments can more effectively deal with externalities by adopting complementary city‐county policies and negotiating priorities.

This article seeks to understand Canada's failure to implement Jordan's Principle, a child-first policy ensuring First Nations have access to the same level and quality of services available to other children. Policy-making in Canada rests firmly within a neoliberal political framework that extends market-based thinking to all aspects of social life. Neoliberal thought interlocks with stories of Other to inform notions of deservingness as well as one's potential as a valuable citizen with something to contribute. Social policy decisions, including the decision to implement a particular policy or not, offer a means through which to disseminate neoliberal values and norms.As self-determining peoples with distinct rights, lands, and governance structures, First Nations transgress the image of the "good" neoliberal citizen in a variety of ways. Neoliberalism holds that punitive measures are sometimes needed to encourage citizens to adopt particular norms, and this allows policy makers to rationalize and justify policies that discriminate against First Nations children. Stereotypes about Indigenous peoples are also used to manipulate public sentiment in favour of government policy. Canada's failure to implement Jordan's Principle can be understood as part of a broader strategy to encourage First Nations to rescind their distinct rights and assimilate as good neoliberal citizens.

The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of municipal self-government administration aimed at counteracting the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic during the co-called first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–June 2020). The article focuses on Polish cities with poviat rights. It presents the results of a nationwide survey in which the representatives of 47 city offices participated. It is supplemented with the analysis of the content of documents (laws, regulations and recommendations) and the elements of a comparative analysis. The conducted research procedure does not allow to confirm the hypothesis. There is no scheme of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic which consists of "bottom-up" activities of municipal self-government carried out in the areas of urban policy which are most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It turns out that most of the activities carried out are "top-down" activities that fit – as the respondents claimed – with the solutions adopted by the central government administration. ; Celem artykułu jest analiza działań miejskiej administracji samorządowej ukierunkowanych na przeciwdziałanie destrukcyjnym skutkom pandemii COVID-19 w okresie tzw. pierwszej fali pandemii COVID-19 (marzec–czerwiec 2020). Artykuł koncentruje się na polskich miastach na prawach powiatu i przedstawia wyniki ogólnopolskiego badania ankietowego, w którym uczestniczyli przedstawiciele 47 urzędów miejskich, uzupełnione o analizę treści dokumentów (ustaw, rozporządzeń i zaleceń) oraz elementy analizy porównawczej. Przeprowadzone postępowanie badawcze nie pozwala na potwierdzenie hipotezy. Nie istnieje bowiem schemat reakcji na pandamię COVID-19, na który składają się działania miejskiej administracji samorządowej o "oddolnym" charakterze prowadzone w najbardziej doświadczonych przez pandemię COVID-19 obszarach polityki miejskiej. Okazuje się, że większość prowadzonych działań to działania "odgórne", które wpisują się – co wynika z odpowiedzi respondentów – w rozwiązania przyjęte przez centralną administrację rządową.

The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of municipal self-government administration aimed at counteracting the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic during the co-called first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–June 2020). The article focuses on Polish cities with poviat rights. It presents the results of a nationwide survey in which the representatives of 47 city offices participated. It is supplemented with the analysis of the content of documents (laws, regulations and recommendations) and the elements of a comparative analysis. The conducted research procedure does not allow to confirm the hypothesis. There is no scheme of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic which consists of "bottom-up" activities of municipal self-government carried out in the areas of urban policy which are most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It turns out that most of the activities carried out are "top-down" activities that fit – as the respondents claimed – with the solutions adopted by the central government administration. ; Celem artykułu jest analiza działań miejskiej administracji samorządowej ukierunkowanych na przeciwdziałanie destrukcyjnym skutkom pandemii COVID-19 w okresie tzw. pierwszej fali pandemii COVID-19 (marzec–czerwiec 2020). Artykuł koncentruje się na polskich miastach na prawach powiatu i przedstawia wyniki ogólnopolskiego badania ankietowego, w którym uczestniczyli przedstawiciele 47 urzędów miejskich, uzupełnione o analizę treści dokumentów (ustaw, rozporządzeń i zaleceń) oraz elementy analizy porównawczej. Przeprowadzone postępowanie badawcze nie pozwala na potwierdzenie hipotezy. Nie istnieje bowiem schemat reakcji na pandamię COVID-19, na który składają się działania miejskiej administracji samorządowej o "oddolnym" charakterze prowadzone w najbardziej doświadczonych przez pandemię COVID-19 obszarach polityki miejskiej. Okazuje się, że większość prowadzonych działań to działania "odgórne", które wpisują się – co wynika z odpowiedzi respondentów – w rozwiązania przyjęte przez centralną administrację rządową. ; 2 ; 47 ; 69 ; Przegląd Politologiczny

A risk assessment method was developed and applied to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to provide robust and scientifically defensible information for policy makers and catchment managers on the key land-based pollutants of greatest risk to the health of the two main GBR ecosystems (coral reefs and seagrass beds). This information was used to inform management prioritisation for Reef Rescue 2 and Reef Plan 3. The risk assessment method needed to take account of the fact that catchment-associated risk will vary with distance from the river mouth, with coastal habitats nearest to river mouths most impacted by poor marine water quality. The main water quality pollutants of concern for the GBR are enhanced levels of suspended sediments, excess nutrients and pesticides added to the GBR lagoon from the adjacent catchments. Until recently, there has been insufficient knowledge about the relative exposure to and effects of these pollutants to guide effective prioritisation of the management of their sources.

The study of the governance of Islam in four cities in France and in the United Kingdom reveals convergences on both sides of the Channel, despite national models that are often presented at odds with each other. Whether it be the mobilisation by some part of the laïque voluntary sector in Rennes and Nantes or the recentralisation of the governance of the counter-extremism policy Prevent by the British government, both phenomena result in the disciplinary government of Muslim conduct in public spaces. In the four case studies, and in spite of various degrees of resistance, grassroots players, both professionals and volunteers, are encouraged by city and government authorities to consider Muslim orthodoxy and orthopraxis as deviant conduct with regard to secular norms, and in some cases even as signs of radicalisation that pose a threat to public order and therefore call for exceptional measures. ; National audience L'étude de la gouvernance du fait musulman par quatre municipalités françaises et britanniques révèle des convergences de part et d'autre de la Manche, malgré des modèles nationaux souvent renvoyés dos à dos. Qu'il s'agisse de la mobilisation d'une partie du secteur associatif laïque à Rennes et à Nantes ou de la recentralisation de la gestion du programme de lutte de la radicalisation Prevent par le gouvernement britannique, les deux phénomènes aboutissent à une disciplinarisation des comportements musulmans dans l'espace public. Dans les quatre cas d'étude, et en dépit de résistances d'amplitudes variables, certain.e.s acteurs et actrices de terrain, professionnel.le.s ou bénévoles, sont invité.e.s par les autorités municipales ou gouvernementales à envisager l'orthodoxie et l'orthopraxie musulmanes comme des comportements déviants vis-à-vis des normes séculières et parfois même comme des signes de radicalisation qui menacent l'ordre public et qui méritent donc un traitement d'exception.

This issue consists of five articles profiling different aspects of the national evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program. Over the last eight years, this program provided grants to develop community-based systems of care for children with serious emotional disturbance and their families. A comprehensive, multilevel evaluation has been conducted that has provided information to local grantee communities and the federal government on the implementation and effectiveness of systems of care. Touching on a range of questions that the