Suchergebnisse

Der Datenreport ist eine regelmäßig alle vier Jahre von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Erziehungswissenschaft (DGfE) in Auftrag gegebene Darstellung der strukturellen Entwicklung der Erziehungswissenschaft. Ziel der Publikation ist die Information der Fachöffentlichkeit, der Bildungs- und Hochschulpolitik sowie der Öffentlichkeit über die Entwicklung und den erreichten Entwicklungsstand der Erziehungswissenschaft als einem der größten Fächer an deutschen Hochschulen. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den Indikatoren zu Studiengängen, Studierenden, Studienabschlüssen, Personal, Forschungsleistungen und Nachwuchsförderung. Der Datenreport bietet Grundinformationen darüber, wie die Erziehungswissenschaft sich unter dem Einfluss dieser Veränderungen entwickelt, und dient der Identifikation fachpolitischer ebenso wie hochschul- und bildungspolitischer Handlungsbedarfe. Relevante Informationen im Datenreport – etwa zu den Studierenden, Studienabschlüssen und den wissenschaftlichen Karrieren – werden nach Geschlechtern differenziert dargestellt. (DIPF/Orig.)

Latin America and the Caribbean have not yet developed strong clinical cancer research programmes. In order to improve this situation two international cancer organisations, the Latin American Society of Clinical Oncology (SLACOM) and the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) worked closely with the Peruvian Cooperative Oncology Group (GECOPERU) and organised a clinical cancer research workshop held in Lima, Peru, in October 2015. Many oncologists from different Latin American countries participated in this gathering. The opportunities for and strengths of clinical oncology research in Latin American and Caribbean countries were identified as the widespread use of the Spanish language, the high cancer burden, growing access to information, improving patient education, access to new drugs for research centres, regional networks and human resources. However, there are still many weaknesses and problems including the long timeline for regulatory approval, lack of economic investment, lack of training and lack of personnel participating in clinical research, lack of cancer registries, insufficient technology and insufficient supplies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, few cancer specialists, low general levels of education and the negative attitude of government authorities towards clinical research.

IntroductionWith more people receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), the need to detect treatment failure and switch to second‐line ART has also increased. We assessed CD4 cell counts (as a marker of treatment failure), determined the rate of switching to second‐line treatment and evaluated mortality related to treatment failure among HIV‐infected patients in Guinea‐Bissau.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, adult patients infected with HIV‐1 receiving ≥6 months of ART at an HIV clinic in Bissau were included from June 2005 to July 2014 and followed until January 2015. Treatment failure was defined as 1) a fall in CD4 count to baseline (or below) or 2) CD4 levels persistently below 100 cells/µL after ≥6 months of ART. Cox hazard models, with time since six months of ART as the time‐varying coefficient, were used to estimate the hazard ratio for death and loss to follow‐up.ResultsWe assessed 1,591 HIV‐1‐infected patients for immunological treatment failure. Treatment failure could not be determined in 594 patients (37.3%) because of missing CD4 cell counts. Among the remaining 997 patients, 393 (39.4%) experienced failure. Only 39 patients (9.9%) with failure were switched from first‐ to second‐line ART. The overall switching rate was 3.1 per 100 person‐years. Mortality rate was higher in patients with than without treatment failure, with adjusted hazard rate ratios (HRRs) 10.0 (95% CI: 0.9–107.8), 7.6 (95% CI: 1.6–35.5) and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.5–6.3) in the first, second and following years, respectively. During the first year of follow‐up, patients experiencing treatment failure had a higher risk of being lost to follow‐up than patients not experiencing treatment failure (adjusted HRR 4.4; 95% CI: 1.7–11.8).ConclusionsWe found a high rate of treatment failure, an alarmingly high number of patients for whom treatment failure could not be assessed, and a low rate of switching to a second‐line therapy. These factors could lead to an increased risk of resistance development and excess mortality.

Fünf Fragen zur Einweihung, beantwortet von Christian Dries

Focuses on Jewish and Christian experiences.

First made available online (in HTML) in 1997 ; Digitised version produced by the EUI Library and made available online in 2020. ; This Working Paper forms part of a series of five volumes dealing with the "Europeanisation" of product safety law. They are the result of a study carried out on behalf of the Commission of the EC which has so far been published only in German*. The publication of this English version has been made possible by a grant from Directorate General XI. The five volumes of this series of Working Papers should thus be read in context. Volume 1 (Chapter I) aims to show why product safety law has given rise to extremely diverse regulation patterns and to provide an overview of the most important instruments for action. Volumes 2 and 3 (Chapter II) are concerned with recent developments in the relevant legislation of the economically most important Community Member States and of the United States. Volume 2 (Chapter II, Parts 1 and 2) contains reports on France and the United Kingdom, Volume 3 (Chapter II parts 3 and 4) deals with the Federal Republic of Germany and the US Consumer Product Safety Act 1972, which is of crucial importance in the international debate. Volume 4 (Chapters III and IV) analyses the development of the "traditional" policy of approximation of law and of efforts at a "horizontal" European product safety policy. In both policy areas it proved impossible to realise the Community's programmatic goals. As far as policy on achieving the internal market is concerned, the Commission itself has pointed out the reasons and called for, and implemented, a fundamental revision of traditional legal approximation policy. This reorientation of Community policy is dealt with in Chapters IV; it describes the most important precursors of the new internal market policy, namely ECJ case law on Articles 30 and 36 EEC since the Cassis de Dijon judgment, and regulatory technique for the Low Voltage Directive and then analyses the new approach to technical harmonisation and standards, whereby the Community will restrict itself in its directives to setting "essential safety requirements", leaving it to European and national standardisation bodies to convert these safety requirements into technical specifications. Volume 5 (Chapters V and VI) evaluates the effects of the Community's new approach to technical harmonisation and standards on product safety policy. Chapter V diagnoses a new need for action in the area of product safety policy, including in particular the internal organisation of the standardisation process, and participation by consumer associations in European standardisation. Chapter VI continues a comprehensive discussion of alternatives open for co-ordinating internal market and product safety policy. It argues that a policy of "deregulating" Member States' product safety legislation would not be feasible, and opts for a "positive" supplementation of the new approach by a horizontal Community product safety policy. This option is elaborated in a number of recommendations. ; -- Editorial -- Chapter I: Product safety, product safety policy and product safety law -- Chapter II: Examples of product safety legislation -- Part 1: Product safety law in France, Hans-W. Micklitz -- Part 2: Consumer product safety law in Britain, Gert Brüggemeier -- Part 3: Product safety policy in the Federal Republic of Germany, Josef Falke - Gert Brüggemeier -- Part 4: The US Consumer Product Safety Act and its implementation by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Christian Joerges -- Chapter III: The "traditional" approach to removing technical barriers to trade and efforts at "horizontal" European product safety policy, Josef Falke - Christian Joerges -- Chapter IV: The new approach to technical harmonisation and standards, its preparation through ECJ case law on Articles 30, 36 EEC and the Low Voltage Directive, and the clarification of its operating environment by the Single European Act, Josef Falke - Christian Joerges -- Chapter V: The need to supplement the new approach to technical harmonisation and standards with a coherent European product safety policy, Christian Joerges - Hans-W. Micklitz -- Chapter VI: Summary and conclusions, Christian Joerges - Hans-W. Micklitz -- Bibliography -- Abbreviations ; Published 'collective' version of EUI LAW WPs 1991/10-14

America is a country with Christianity as the major religion. It is the fact that Moses in Christian myth has an important role to the religion of this country. The United States President Harry Truman wrote in 1950 that the fundamental basis of the laws of the United States was the Ten Commandments that were given to Moses. America is also known for the country of freedom. Besides, American freedom has a unique historical story which is about slavery. Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People novel depicts the journey and struggle of Harriet in liberating African American slaves. This study aims to identify the incorporation of Moses in Christian myth to the story in the novel and its relation to the spiritual values of human's life in the present time. The method of this study is qualitative study analysis using structuralism method of Claude Levi Strauss and the Study of Myth by Joseph Campbell. Then, the method of data analysis is based on the story in Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People novel and Moses in Christian myth. Bradford's novel tells about the main character named Harriet who became the leader of African American slaves to the Northern America and Canada for freedom. While in Christian myth, Moses was chosen by God to be the leader of Israelites to go from the land of Egypt bondage for freedom. The final finding of this study shows the conflict of the novel, the incorporation of Moses in Christian myth to the story in the novel and shows the Ten Commandments of Christianity influenced the spiritual values by Americans which is also still relevant today. For instance, most Americans are Christian as the values of the First Commandment; Americans commonly regard their society as the freest and best in the world as the value of the Eight Commandment; the right of American constitutional democracy to attempt to "pursue" happiness in their own way as long as they do not infringe upon the rights of others is a result of the Tenth Commandment; Although there are still some transgressions of one or more of the Commandments, there are somehow many other Americans who are still devoted to the Ten Commandments as moral principles in their daily life. Keywords: African-American, Christian myth, Moses, Slavery, Structuralism

THE ROLE OF VALUES IN THE PROCESS OF CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMIn the constitutional debate currently taking place in South Africa, a point raised more often than not, is that the "values of Christian civilisation" should be central to the process of constitutional reform. The author defines "civilisation" as something which has been acquired by mankind, usually called the quality of life.Putting a premium on values of civilisation and acquisition entails deliberate efforts to distribute opportunities and civilised values evenly, particularly where statutory and structural factors previously prevented such distribution.Seen from a moral point of view, and in the light of what is required by justice and civilised values, this situation should be remedied by a programme of constitutional reform. The disadvantaged members of society should also be given the chance to benefit from opportunities, and the author suggests that the Old Testament idea of "reparation payments" be introduced as part of a social policy of redistribution.The crucial question South Africa is facing is not how power should be retained of acquired, but how a legitimate constitutional dispensation can be brought about. The choice for the latter option implies a choice for a process of negotiation in which consensus on basic values is sought.

During the Civil War, traditional history tells us, Afro-Christianity proved a strong force for slaves' perseverance and hope of deliverance. In Slavery, Civil War and Salvation, however, Daniel Fountain raises the possibility that Afro-Christianity played a less significant role within the antebellum slave community than most scholars currently assert. Fountain presents a new timeline for the African American conversion experience, insisting that only after emancipation and the fulfillment of the predicted Christian deliverance did African Americans more consistently turn to Christianity. Freedom, Fountain contends, brought most former slaves into the Christian faith.

Chapter 1: Introduction: 'Black' Clergy Voices and the Church of England -- Chapter 2: Sociology of the Church of England -- Chapter 3: How Critical Race Theory Can Help Us Understand the Church of England Much Better -- Chapter 4: The 'Palaver' in Black Clergy's Ontology -- Chapter 5: Cognitive Dissonance in Belonging for Black Clergy -- Chapter 6: The Model for Fostering a Sense of Belonging -- Chapter 7: Conclusion and Recommendations.

Nicht erst im Zuge der CoVid19-Pandemie und ihrer Auswirkungen auf die Lebens- und Arbeitswirklichkeit vieler Menschen wird in der Öffentlichkeit die Idee eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens diskutiert. Begründungen sind vielfältig und reichen von Ideen zur Armutsprävention über Entwürfe eines guten Lebens und feministische Gesellschaftskritiken bis zu wirtschaftsliberalen Verweisen auf die zunehmende Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt. Ebenso pointiert ist die Kritik, die vor der Unmöglichkeit der Finanzierbarkeit oder – gerade auch aus Sicht theologischer Sozialethik – vor dem Ende des Wohlfahrtsstaats warnt. Ist das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen also problematische Utopie, sozialpolitisch begründbares Instrument oder sogar moralisch begrüßenswerte Forderung? Interdisziplinäre Beiträge diskutieren im Gespräch mit der theologischen Sozialethik Konzepte, Chancen und Grenzen der Idee eines Bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens

This interdisciplinary study introduces readers to Friedrich Schleiermacher's diverse pathways of reflection and creative practice that are related to the field of translation. By drawing attention to Schleiermacher's various writings on a range of subjects (including philology, criticism, hermeneutics, dialectics, rhetoric and religion), the author makes it clear that the frequently cited lecture Über die verschiedenen Methoden des Übersetzens (On the Different Methods of Translating) represents but a fraction of Schleiermacher's contributions to modern-day insights into translation. The analysis of Schleiermacher's various pathways of reflection on translation presented in this book leads to the conclusion that translation is part of the essence of the world, as it is a fundamental tool of our cognition and a foundation of our existence. In Schleiermacher's works, transfer, translation, mediation, and communication underpin our very existence in the world and our self-awareness. At the same time, they represent fundamental categories for a project that focuses on the consolidation and assimilation - through translation - of that which is foreign, different, diverse.

This volume is the first of two containing hagiographical narratives from medieval Central Europe. The lives of the saints in this volume, from the tenth to eleventh centuries, written not much later, are telling witnesses for the process of Christianization of Bohemia, Poland, Hungary and Dalmatia. Most of them became patrons of their region and highly venerated throughout the Middle Ages. The volume presents the first English translation of a legend of each of these saints with the most recent critical edition of the Latin original and prefaces discussing the textual tradition. In an appendix the extensive hagiographical literature of the saints is being critically surveyed

Historical backdrop to Tillich's religious socialism -- Politics and ultimate reality -- The idolatrous nature of political romanticism -- The demonic structure of capitalism -- The socialist principle of expectation -- Power and ethics -- Socio-economic features of a religious socialist government -- Building a kingdom of peace and justice.