Suchergebnisse

El artículo expone la necesidad de acometer el modo en que la Unión Europea viene planteando su modelo de desarrollo cultural en la última década y de cara a un futuro próximo. Partiendo del análisis de los modelos culturales de masas imperantes en las democracias posmodernas, proponemos que las formas de cultura disidentes (minoritarias o minorizadas), precisamente por su condición refractaria al modelo estandarizado de cultura generado por la actual lógica político-económica comunitaria, constituyen una garantía para la posibilidad misma, tras la modernidad, de otra cultura en Europa. En este sentido, hemos ejemplarizado en la producción audiovisual danesa una alternativa a la errática política cultural de la Unión Europea: aunque procedente de un pequeño territorio y soportada por una lengua de implantación geográfica reducida, evidencia una significativa producción fílmica de calidad, cuyas señas inequívocas de identidad la erigen en hecho cultural reconocible e irrenunciable. En contraposición, se analizan algunos de los aspectos más ilustrativos del Plan Europa Creativa, cuyo carácter refractario a la diversidad cultural como modelo denunciamos abiertamente: entre otros, desaparecen los propósitos de planes anteriores con respecto a la VO y el multilingüismo, las pequeñas cinematografías dejan de ser interlocutoras válidas desde el punto de vista comunitario, etc. ; The purpose of this document is to analyze the European Union's approach to its cultural development model during the last decade and towards the future. Based on the analysis of mass cultural models, which dominate the post-modern democracies, we suggest that the dissident forms of culture (minorities or minoritised), precisely for their refractory condition towards the cultural standardized model and generated by the current political and economic logic, constitute a guarantee for the possibility, after modernity, of a different European culture. In this regard, we have exemplified an alternative to the European Union's erratic cultural policy in the Danish audiovisual production: in spite of the modest dimension of its territory, supported by a national language with a limited geographic location, the facts show a high quality cinematographic production whose unmistakable hallmarks proclaim it as a recognizable cultural and undeniable fact. In contrast with the Danish case, some of the most significant European Digital Agenda issues are discussed and openly reported: among others, the disappearance of precedents purpose in relation to promote OV and multilingualism and the fact that the small cinemas are no longer interlocutors in policy-making from the Community's point of view…

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue: Using the conceptual framework of Aguilera, Filatotchev, Gospel, and Jackson, this study examines the impact of principal‐principal agency problems on the quality and effectiveness of corporate governance structures in listed companies from 14 European countries between 1999 and 2003. Specifically, we develop an index on the severity of the agency conflict and investigate whether this index explains the quality of governance structures. We also examine whether, given certain environmental complementarities, this index influences the effectiveness of good governance structures.Research Findings/Insights: Using a simultaneous equations model, we find that the conflict index affects the quality and effectiveness of corporate governance. When agency conflicts are severe, the costs of installing good governance are high for the majority shareholders and the quality is low. Once installed, however, good governance structures complemented with a high‐quality disclosure environment leads to higher firm value, especially in companies with a severe agency conflict.Theoretical/Academic Implications: Our study adds to the governance literature by focusing on the costs of installing good governance. Further, it contributes to principal‐principal agency studies by examining a number of developed countries and by developing a measure for the severity of the principal‐principal conflict. Finally, our study adds to institutional theory by showing how companies' corporate governance choices are affected by the severity of agency conflicts and the way corporate governance is regulated.Practitioner/Policy Implications: Our analyses suggest that regulatory approaches to corporate governance issues should move away from a "one‐size‐fits‐all" policy toward one that takes into account the organizational and environmental context. By demonstrating that the severity of principal‐principal agency conflicts results in significant differences in the existence and effectiveness of corporate governance, our empirical evidence can guide regulators in developing new regulations or laws intended to reduce private benefits of control or improve the disclosure environment.

The authors explain why subjective indicators of well-being are needed, showing how these can offer useful input and giving examples of policy uses of well-being measures. They also describe the validity of the subjective well-being measures as well as potential problems, then delve into objections to their use for policy purposes

Chapter 1: Crises and European integration -- Chapter 2: Outcomes of crises of European integration -- Chapter 3: Pathways of crisis outcomes -- Chapter 4: Stagnation -- Chapter 5: Adaptation -- Chapter 6: Transformation -- Chapter 7: Regression -- Chapter 8: Evaluation and conclusions.