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"Having engaged in an intensified war against corruption for more than four decades since the reform and opening up, China is now at a turning point of its anti-corruption reform. Many believe that building government integrity has been a top-down process in China and the anti-corruption strategies taken by the current administration seem to have confirmed it. This book challenges the view by analyzing local anti-corruption innovations in recent years and argues for the importance of bottom-up efforts in controlling corruption. The book attempts to answer the question of whether the rise of local anti-corruption innovations has helped China to pursue anti-corruption reform more effectively and, if so, why. It proceeds to analyse the major patterns of local anti-corruption innovations, the ways in which they have been initiated and implemented, and the factors influencing their success or failure. The book includes more than 400 cases of local innovative anti-corruption reforms in China in the recent years. This book will be a useful reference to those interested to learn more about anti-corruption studies and also contributes to the study of corruption and anti-corruption reform in China by providing solid and fresh evidence of anti-corruption innovation by local governments"--

Includes discussion of US policy.

Most nuclear proliferation literature is focused on states seeking nuclear weapons, conducted in most cases clandestinely. The sharing of nuclear weapons technology between states is as important strategically, if unexpected, because nuclear weapons are such a powerful instrument in international politics. This book proposes to answer why, if nuclear weapons are such good preservers of peace, are states not more willing to see them proliferate? Schofield also examines the underlying phenomenon of the threat of proliferation races, and how nonproliferation bargains between adversaries make nuclear sharing far less common. But sharing is not rare. This book proposes a theory to explain nuclear sharing and surveys its rich history from its beginnings in the Second World War, including the cases of France-Israel, US-NATO, Russia-China, Israel-South Africa, China-Pakistan and Pakistan-Iran, as well as the incidence of soft balancing and permissive nuclear sharing in the cases of the US and Japan, Israel and India.

The article deals with peculiarities of the migration policies of European countries. It presents the main groups of factors influencing the migration policies of the states, cites the legal documents and investigates the measures taken by European governments to regulate the migration flows. The article shows what processes take place in Europe today and how they depend on the migration policy used to be implemented in Europe for a long time. The article also provides an analysis of current issues of migration policies of the European states. The directions to be implemented to settle the situation developed in Europe due to the influx of refugees from the East are substantiated. This paper suggests that the European countries should develop a common strategy of the further migration policy towards solution of the current problems ; В статье рассматриваются особенности осуществления миграционной политики европейских стран. Представлены основные группы факторов, влияющих на миграционную политику государств. Показаны нормативно-правовые документы и исследованы меры, которые были приняты на уровне европейских правительств по урегулированию миграционных потоков. Показано, какие процессы происходят сегодня в Европе и каким образом они зависят от миграционной политики, которая осуществлялась долгое время в Евросоюзе. Проанализированы проблемы, которые сегодня существуют в сфере миграционной политики европейских государств. Обоснованы направления, которые необходимо реализовать для урегулирования сложившейся ситуации в настоящее время в европейских странах в результате наплыва беженцев из стран Востока. Аргументировано, что страны Европы должны выработать общую стратегию дальнейшей миграционной политики для решения сегодняшних проблем ; В статті розглядаються особливості здійснення міграційної політики країн Євросоюзу. Представлено основні групи факторів, що впливають на міграційну політику ЄС. Подано нормативно-правові документи та досліджено заходи, які були прийняті на рівні урядів країн ЄС щодо врегулювання міграційних потоків. Проаналізовано проблеми, які наразі існують у сфері міграційної політики ЄС. Обґрунтовано напрями, які необхідно реалізувати для врегулювання ситуації, що склалася на даний час в європейських країнах внаслідок напливу біженців з країн Сходу. Аргументовано, що країни ЄС мають виробити спільну стратегію міграційної політики.

This paper discusses about political process of alienation by bureaucrat in Central Lombok region. Political policy of alienation is conducted by government in purpose to punish several bureaucrats that politically oppose in local election. Alienation policy is political punishment towards bureaucrats in purpose to cut off surely their career. If it is not, the bureaucrat will be non-job. Because of that, the political policy of alienation is very frightening for local bureaucrats who dissent with head of local government.

This research focuses on how the public policy against domestic violence has been set up, how it has evolved, and how it is currently implemented. Using a sociohistorical approach, I did an ethnography of some of the feminist non-profit organizations which provide victims of domestic violence and their children with counseling and accommodation, and I did interviews with professionals of government institutions in order to understand how public action has been dealing with the issue of domestic violence. Framed as intolerable at the end of the second wave feminist movement, domestic violence became a feminist cause which is now supported by professional and institutional associations. Thanks to the production of a body of scientific knowledge and its practical translation by state feminism, this cause has become legitimate and was put on the political agenda. Analyzing the activist careers of the organizations' founders helps to understand the organizational decisions they made, as well as the reasons why they moved into the social work sector. A new group of professionals came into being, and it was made of three types of activist workers. Their professional training and socialization participate in shaping a feminist professional group, differing from social workers in their practice as well as in their framing of domestic violence. The way laws and judicial practice has evolved, professional controversies and the new public management of public policies are all elements which shed light on the dynamics of change in the public policy. As well as a contribution to the analysis of public policies, this research seeks to make feminist professional practice visible. ; La politique publique de lutte contre les violences conjugales constitue l'objet de cette thèse, qui en retrace les fondements, la mise en œuvre actuelle et les éléments au principe des processus de changement. A partir d'une approche sociohistorique et d'une enquête ethnographique dans les associations féministes accueillant et hébergeant des femmes victimes et leurs enfants, et par entretiens auprès des professionnels des institutions étatiques, cette recherche se propose d'étudier les ressorts de l'action publique luttant contre les violences conjugales. Constituées en intolérable à la fin du mouvement féministe de la seconde vague, les violences conjugales sont devenues une cause féministe, défendue par des associations aujourd'hui professionnalisées et institutionnalisées. Légitimée par la production de savoirs scientifiques, cette cause a également été l'objet d'un travail de retraduction par le féminisme d'Etat, pour être ensuite mise à l'agenda politique. Les carrières militantes des fondatrices des structures d'accueil permettent de comprendre le projet associatif qu'elles ont soutenu, et les raisons de leur choix d'investir le secteur du travail social. Un nouveau groupe professionnel émerge, auquel participent trois figures de travailleuses militantes. La spécificité de leurs pratiques, et du cadre d'interprétation des violences conjugales les distinguent dans l'espace du travail social : les formations et socialisations professionnelles contribuent au devenir d'un groupe professionnel féministe. L'analyse de la mise en œuvre de la politique publique conduit ensuite à rendre compte des dynamiques de changement. Les évolutions de la législation et des pratiques judiciaires, les controverses professionnelles ainsi que la nouvelle gestion publique comme mode d'administration des politiques publiques, constituent les principaux ressorts du changement de la politique publique. Contribuant à l'analyse des politiques publiques, cette thèse entend aussi rendre visibles des pratiques professionnelles féministes, trop rarement étudiées.

Цель статьи анализ проблем и перспектив развития банковской системы Монголии в условиях глобализации. Предмет исследования комплекс научно-практических положений, раскрывающих основные направления деятельности Центрального банка Монголии (далее Монголбанк), связанные с обеспечением устойчивого роста. Делается вывод о том, что эффективная государственная политика связана с совершенствованием норм регулирования денежно-кредитной сферы с учетом идей Кейнса и мирового опыта их трансформации в современных условиях. Государственная поддержка программ развития, эффективное использование инструментов финансирования, гармонизация валютных, кредитных и финансовых отношений Монголии с Российской Федерацией и другими странами способствуют укреплению роли и места Монголбанка, реализующего в настоящее время политику регулируемой экономики с учетом мирового опыта. ; The article aims to analyze challenges and prospects for the development of Mongolia's banking system in the context of globalization. The subject of study is a set of scientific and practical provisions describing those activities of the Central Bank of Mongolia (hereinafter Mongolbank) which ensure a sustainable growth. The author concludes that an efficient government policy is associated with improvement of the norms regulating the monetary sphere with due regard to the ideas of Keynes and world experience and their transformation in modern conditions. Government support for development programs, the effective use of finance tools, harmonization of monetary, credit and financial relations between Mongolia, the Russian Federation and other countries contribute to strengthen the position of Mongolbank which currently is implementing the policy aimed at developing a regulated economy on the basis of world experience.

The article presents issues related to the occurrence of political risk in local government in Poland. It will attempt to identify the symptoms to demonstrate the possibility of a political budget cycle in local government units. On the basis of budgetary data an empirical analysis of local governments will be carried out, with a particular emphasis on debt levels, capital expenditures, and a result of the budget in the years of local elections and pre-election periods. The presented research results cover all categories of local government units, i.e., municipalities, cities with poviat rights, poviats, and voivodships. The time range of the analysis is 2003-2019. The empirical part is preceded by a literature review, both in terms of the election cycle and the risk related to local debt management. The adopted structure of the article allows obtaining an answer to the question of whether there is a political risk in the surveyed entities.

This article addresses the issue of the environment from the perspective of Japan; a country that has faced difficult environmental situations, but that today is consolidated as a country capable of configuring sustainable strategies for the present and future of the world population. This article analyzes the environmental policies promoted by the Japanese government, which have generated a high impact, both for its citizens and for national industries. In turn, two Japanese multinationals are exposed, which have implemented multiple campaigns and tactics to promote the protection and preservation of the environment. Finally, there is a reflection on how Japan, a country with a high technological, economic and social development, has been able to carry out an environmental project of such magnitude that it has become the least polluting country in the world, an aspect that should serve as example to the international community. ; En el presente artículo se aborda el tema del medio ambiente desde la perspectiva de Japón; un país que ha afrontado difíciles situaciones ambientales, pero que hoy en día se consolida como un país capaz de configurar estrategias sostenibles para el presente y el futuro de la población mundial. En este artículo se realiza un análisis de las políticas ambientales impulsadas por el gobierno japonés, las cuales han generado un alto impacto, tanto para sus ciudadanos, como para las industrias nacionales. A su vez, se exponen dos multinacionales japonesas, que han implementado múltiples campañas y tácticas para promover la protección y preservación del medio ambiente. Por último, se hace una reflexión sobre cómo Japón, un país con un alto desarrollo tecnológico, económico y social, ha podido sacar adelante un proyecto ambiental de tal magnitud que lo ha convertido en el país menos contaminante del mundo, aspecto que debe servir de ejemplo a la comunidad internacional.

This book is a collection of studies of drug policies in several Latin American countries. The chapters analyze the specific histories of drug policies in each country, as well as related phenomena and case studies throughout the region. It presents conceptual reflections on the origins of prohibition and the ℓ́ℓWar on Drugs, ℓ́ℓ including the topic of human rights and cognitive freedom. Further, the collection reflects on the pioneering role of some Latin American countries in changing paradigms of international drug policy. Each case study provides an analysis of where each state is now in terms of policy reform within the context of its history and current socio-political circumstances. Concurrently, local movements, initiatives, and backlash against the reformist debate within the hemisphere are examined. The recent changes regarding the regulation of marijuana in the United States and their possible impact on Latin America are also addressed. This work is an important, up-to-date and well-researched reference for all who are interested in drug policy from a Latin American perspective.