Suchergebnisse

Foreword / Bruno Simma -- Introduction : the interplay of concept, context and content in the modern law of treaties / Michael Bowman and Dino Kritsiotis -- A 'modern' law of treaties? / Frank Berman -- Treaties within the history of international law / Randall Lesaffer -- Typologies and the 'essential juridical character' of treaties / Catherine Brolmann -- The ends of consent / Matthew Craven -- Treaties as 'living instruments' / Daniel Moeckli and Nigel D. White -- Treaties and their preambles / Jan Klabbers -- The principle of privity / Michael Waibel -- The object and purpose of a treaty's object and purpose / Dino Kritsiotis -- The regime for provisional application of treaties and the internal logic of the vclt / Anneliese Quast Mertsch -- Characteristics of the vienna convention rules on treaty interpretation / Richard Gardiner -- Subsequent practice and treaty modification / Irina Buga -- Treaty obligations, universalized norms and differentiated responsibilities / Michael J. Bowman -- Regulating treaty breaches / Christian Tams -- Territory and its relationship to treaties / Barbara Miltner -- Human rights / Christine Chinkin -- Law of war/law of armed conflict/international humanitarian law / Francoise Hampson -- Disarmament / Lisa Tabassi and Femi Elias -- International criminal law / Elizabeth Wilmshurst -- International investment law / Julian Davis Mortensen -- International environmental law / Duncan French and Karen Scott -- International law of the sea / David M. Ong -- The law of treaties, the law of state responsibility and non-performance of treaty obligations : a view from the case law / Malgosia Fitzmaurice -- Security Council resolution 687 (1991) / Michael Wood -- World trade organization / Joost Pauwelyn and Isabelle Van Damme -- The International Labour Organization / Anne Trebilcock -- The World Health Organization / Egle Granziera and Steven A. Solomon -- The International Maritime Organization / Dorota Lost-Sieminska -- The European Union / Panos Koutrakos -- The Council of Europe / Jeremy McBride -- Taking stock : roads for the modern law of treaties from here / Michael Bowman and Dino Kritsiotis -- Final reflections on concept, context and content in the modern law of treaties / Michael J. Bowman

Die Analyse zeigt die formellen und informellen Rahmenbedingungen, Kompetenzen und Interaktionsmuster im Handlungsspektrum sicherheitspolitischer Interventionen der Europäischen Union auf, welches von struktureller Prävention bis hin zu militärischen Eingriffen reicht. Sie wirft überdies die Frage nach einem Souveränitätstransfer in diesem Handlungsspektrum auf. Die hohe Beratungs- und Entscheidungsdichte führt dazu, dass zumindest in Teilbereichen die Beratungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse statt hierarchischem und zweckrationalem Handeln durch verständigungsorientierte Interaktionsformen dominiert werden. Auf diesem Hintergrund stellen sich die Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse als ein komplexes Verhandlungssystem dar, bei dem weder mehrheitlich supranationale noch überwiegendzwischenstaatliche, sondern vornehmlich verflochtene Interaktionsformen dominieren. ; The study identifies the formal and informal framework, competences, and interaction patterns in intervention politics of the European Union. Interventions are being understood as multilateral attempts to prevent, resolve, and manage inner-state Conflicts. The paper also poses the question of whether a transfer of sovereignty in this field of activities can be observed, and if so, to what extent and through what process. The main conclusion is that due to the density of interactions within a complex system of a variety of national, supranational, and semi-supranational bodies, at least parts of intervention politics are dominated by communicative forms of interaction. On this background, the underlying procedures constitute a complex decision making system where neither intergovernmental nor supranational forms of interaction dominate, but rather a linkage between federal-like and intergovernmental structures can be identified.

"The Routledge Handbook on Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations brings international scholarship on transnational human rights obligations into a comprehensive and wide-ranging volume. Each chapter combines a thorough analysis of a particular issue area and provides a forward-looking perspective of how extraterritorial human rights obligations (ETOs) might come to be more fully recognized, outlining shortcomings but also best state practices. It builds insights gained from state practice to identify gaps in the literature and points to future avenues of inquiry. The handbook is organized into seven thematic parts: theoretical foundations and challenges, enforcement, migration and refugee protection, financial assistance and section, finance, investment and trade, peace and security, and environment. Chapters summarise the cutting edge of current knowledge on key topics as leading experts critically reflect on ETOs, and, where appropriate, engage with the Maastricht Principles to critically evaluate their value 10 years after their adoption. The Routledge Handbook on Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations is an authoritative and essential reference text for scholars and students of human rights and human rights law, and more broadly, of international law and international relations as well as to those working in international economic law, development studies, peace and conflict studies, environmental law and migration"--

Carnegie Politika podcast host Alex Gabuev is joined by Dr. Hanna Notte, director of the Eurasia Nonproliferation Program at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies and a senior non-resident scholar at CSIS, to discuss Russia's position on the conflict in the Middle East.

Situations with uncertain developments and results are more often taking place in the world of politics. In this regard, the role of actors who are interested in the implementation of plans for peaceful conflict resolution and non-violence is becoming more urgent. The modern world is replete with situations in which a decision should be made only by qualified intermediaries (mediators), whose purpose is to resolve the conflict by the most effective and painless method. This article discusses the main aspects of the technology which is new for the political reality - political mediation as a vital means for solving complex inter-ethnic and interconfessional problems. The author attempts to identify general and specific characteristics of the conflict field that are peculiar for both international and inter-ethnic contradictions arising in the process of multilateral relations of nations with each other and between ethnic groups in multi-ethnic space. At this, the attention is focused on the fact that the conflicts arise out of the contradictions between the interests of these social organisms. The article provides the system of argumentation of the thesis that the use of mediation technologies helps to achieve the combination of the parties' autonomy and to guarantee a mutually beneficial result on a common ground. For this purpose the conflicting parties endow a third party with certain powers - the mediator, who is involved in order to look at the conflict from the side and help conflicting actors to get rid of excessive emotion and bias in a dispute. Thus, political mediation is a form of alternative expert and political dispute resolution and settlement, voluntarily elected by conflicting communities on the basis of their desire to reach agreement and political objectivity. (author's abstract)

International audience ; Geopolitics and demography: analysis of missing girls in China shows that it can, internally, contribute to social unrest or social difficulties because, in all cases, the behavior of both sexes suffer the consequences of this deficit which is a source of instability societal. In addition, it can lead to foreign policy choices that may lead to international tensions or go to violent conflict. ; Géopolitique et démographie : l'analyse du déficit de filles en Chine montre qu'il peut, en interne, contribuer à des troubles sociaux ou à des difficultés sociales car, dans toutes les hypothèses, les comportements des deux sexes subissent les conséquences de ce déficit qui est une source d'instabilité sociétale. En outre, il peut conduire à des choix de politique extérieure pouvant occasionner des tensions internationales ou aller jusqu'à des conflits violents.

International audience ; Geopolitics and demography: analysis of missing girls in China shows that it can, internally, contribute to social unrest or social difficulties because, in all cases, the behavior of both sexes suffer the consequences of this deficit which is a source of instability societal. In addition, it can lead to foreign policy choices that may lead to international tensions or go to violent conflict. ; Géopolitique et démographie : l'analyse du déficit de filles en Chine montre qu'il peut, en interne, contribuer à des troubles sociaux ou à des difficultés sociales car, dans toutes les hypothèses, les comportements des deux sexes subissent les conséquences de ce déficit qui est une source d'instabilité sociétale. En outre, il peut conduire à des choix de politique extérieure pouvant occasionner des tensions internationales ou aller jusqu'à des conflits violents.

International audience ; Geopolitics and demography: analysis of missing girls in China shows that it can, internally, contribute to social unrest or social difficulties because, in all cases, the behavior of both sexes suffer the consequences of this deficit which is a source of instability societal. In addition, it can lead to foreign policy choices that may lead to international tensions or go to violent conflict. ; Géopolitique et démographie : l'analyse du déficit de filles en Chine montre qu'il peut, en interne, contribuer à des troubles sociaux ou à des difficultés sociales car, dans toutes les hypothèses, les comportements des deux sexes subissent les conséquences de ce déficit qui est une source d'instabilité sociétale. En outre, il peut conduire à des choix de politique extérieure pouvant occasionner des tensions internationales ou aller jusqu'à des conflits violents.

The text begins with an analysis about the way that the Final Agreement with the FARC-EP addresses the criminal liability of the hierarchical superiors, making clear the similarities and differences that are expressed in the Rome Statute. Immediately ther ; El texto inicia con un análisis sobre la forma en la que el Acuerdo final con las FARC-EP trata la responsabilidad penal de los superiores jerárquicos, evidenciando las similitudes y diferencias plasmadas en el mismo con el Estatuto de Roma. Acto seguido

What makes environmental conflicts complex and difficult to solve? This question is increasingly important because, more and more, environmental problems are going to shape local, national, regional, and international politics. Not surprisingly, this question has generated a lot of scholarship. Most of the time, however, it has been approached through the lens of a global, macro normative theory. By normative, I intend a theory that explains how certain conflicts should be solved or certain social relations should be governed; by macro, I intend a theory that departs from certain normative principles and from there illuminates a number of practical consequences; finally, by global, I intend a theory that looks at environmental problems through the lens of what people and state across to the globe owe to each other. In this thesis, I argue that such standard approach is useful only in limited cases and seldom can explain environmental conflicts which are characterised by different understandings of what an environmental problem ultimately is, by competing views on market-based mechanisms to solve environmental problems, and where different actors hold opposing positions of what should be done to solve the problem. In Chapter I, I introduce a case-study to show how the standard approach can sometimes hide the complexity of a specific environmental conflict over the appropriate use of natural resources. In particular, I introduce the reader to the Yasunì-ITT Initiative of Ecuador. The Initiative proposed to relinquish oil profits from one of the country's largest oil reserves (20% of its proven reserves) in the Amazonian Yasuní National Park in exchange for donations, equal to half of the opportunity costs lost, from the international community, to be paid to Ecuadorians to keep the oil underground. I then argue that the international debate that this Initiative has generated in terms of whether it was, or not, a case of environmental blackmail has framed the environmental conflict around the proper ways in which developing states can make use of their natural resources in terms of an international struggle between Correa and the prospective international donors in a way that has hidden the complex demands of the Ecuadorean population which had brought the Initiative on the international stage in the first place. As a consequence, I argue that to do justice to the practical and theoretical difficulties that these types of policy raise, and the enduring conflicts they create, a 'macro' account of environmental policies must give way to a 'meso-level' analysis which is responsive to contextual considerations The meso-level approach developed in my dissertation identifies the analysis of narratives as a better instrument to explain the complexity of environmental conflicts and to understand which ideas animate the different actors on the opposing sides of a conflict. In my dissertation, I introduce three environmental narratives - ecological modernization, civic environmentalism, and radical environmentalism - and I analyze them through the organising work of two different sets of categories (matrices). Ecological modernization is a narrative which promotes market solutions to environmental problems on the ground that there are still many unexploited synergies between economic growth and environmental protection. Civic environmentalism is a narrative which sees the role of the public and the stakeholders in general as important for environmental protection on the ground that those who are personally affected by a problem should have a say in devising solutions which relate to them. Radical environmentalism is a narrative which remains deeply skeptical both about the promise that market mechanism could provide viable solutions to environmental degradation and about the promise that institutions through which stakeholder governance is channeled could redress the inequalities produced by the employment of market mechanisms. The first matrix seeks to understand the normative presuppositions underlying the three matrices in terms of arguments on the ground of efficiency and arguments on the ground of justice. The second matrix seeks to uncover the clashes, the hidden continuities, and the blind spots of the normative presuppositions identified through the first matrix. Clashes refer to the elements which uniquely characterise each narrative. Continuities refer to shared fundamental assumptions which are then interpreted in different ways; blind spots refer to normative concerns which are sidelined in one narrative but not in others. In my reconstruction of three narratives, I portray ecological modernization as the attempt to assimilate justice to efficiency in environmental policy; civic environmentalism as the attempt to subsume efficiency under a broader conception of political justice; and radical environmentalism as the attempt to reject both the paradigms of efficiency and political justice in favour of a largely non-anthropocentric conception of justice. In light of this analysis, in the conclusion, I go back to the Yasunì-ITT Initiative, I associate each narrative to a set of positions held by the various actors in Ecuadorean politics and I briefly review the policy implications of my analysis.