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Not Available ; In tropics, maize is largely grown as rain fed crop in marginal areas often faces drought and waterlogging simultaneously in same season that critically affects plant growth and development. The aim of the research was to study the response of combined abiotic stresses and the interaction among various stresses on maize inbred plants. In the present study, eighty maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines were screened, for multiple abiotic stresses at the vegetative stage. All the traits, observed were severely affected, in drought x low-N stress compare to waterlogging x low-N stress. However in both the stress combinations (drought x low-N and waterlogging x low-N) chlorophyll content decreases significantly, low-N stress has synergistic effect on the maize plants. Hence the overall effect of stress combination was negative causing enhanced damage to plants. Whereas, interaction of drought x waterlogging stress showed the antagonized each other response that primarily enhanced growth parameters (leaf area, plant height and stem diameter) and it has improved the tolerant mechanism of maize plants. Therefore we concluded, the response of maize various plants exposed to combinations of stresses is depend on interaction of stresses. ; Department of Science and Technology Government of India under the WOS-A chemeDepartment of Science & Technology (India) [SR/WOS - A/LS - 284/2013]

This article is devoted to current issues of the research of contemporary youngpeople's perception of the tragic events in the XX century. The attention is centered onshifts in population's worldview and value orientations, which undertook significantchanges as a result of new political and governmental structure of Russia, and mostindicative of efficiency in social transformation in general.The article encompasses our society's crisis of values, that are often controversialto each other in modern day Russia, as well as the need to create new type ofculture, aimed at creating a humane culture. Author considers defining one's valueorientations (indicators), attitude towards culture and tradition, past and future, tobe an utmost necessity of present day, as well as one of the main factors, definingsociety's survival in general.Studying people's attitude towards major historical events, that became symbolsof an epoch in history of a state, and humanity as whole, is suggested to be such anindicator. An object of special interest is the reaction of Russia's citizens to the tragedyof Holocaust 70 years past Russia's victory in the Great Patriotic War.A content analysis on this subject was carried out and described by the author.Respondent survey was aimed at revealing understanding of tragic events in nation'shistory, level of knowledge on this topic, and attitude towards the genocide of Jewishpeople. Youth of different ethicalities and cultures participated in the research. ; Данная статья посвящена актуальным вопросам исследования особенностей восприятия современной молодежью трагического события в истории XX в. Акцентируется внимание на переменах в мировоззрении и ценностных ориентациях населения, подвергшихся существенным метаморфозам в результате нового политического и государственного устройства России, которые могут служить одним из основных индикаторов эффективности общественной трансформации в целом. В статье поднимаются вопросы о кризисе ценностей нашего социума, которые часто противоречат друг другу в современной России, и необходимости создания типа культуры, направленного на формирование гуманного общества. Автор рассматривает определение ценностных ориентаций (индикаторов), отношения к своим традициям и культуре, прошлому и будущему, как насущную потребность сегодняшнего дня, а также один из основных факторов, определяющих выживание общества в целом. В виде такого индикатора предлагается изучение отношения людей к крупным историческим событиям, ставшим символами той или иной эпохи в истории государства, да и человечества в целом. Особый интерес вызывает реакция граждан России, страны, победившей фашизм в ВОВ, спустя 70 лет после этой победы, т. е. восприятие внуками победителей трагедии Холокоста. Описываются контент-анализ по данной теме и результаты, полученные автором. Опрос респондентов был направлен на выявление пониманиятрагических событий в истории народа, уровня знаний данной темы и отношения к геноциду евреев. В исследовании принимали участие представители молодежи разных этнокультур.

Данная статья посвящена актуальным вопросам исследования особенностей восприятия современной молодежью трагического события в истории XXв. Акцентируется внимание на переменах в мировоззрении и ценностных ориентациях населения, подвергшихся существенным метаморфозам в результате нового политического и государственного устройства России, которые могут служить одним из основных индикаторов эффективности общественной трансформации в целом. В статье поднимаются вопросы о кризисе ценностей нашего социума, которые часто противоречат друг другу в современной России, и необходимости создания типа культуры, направленного на формирование гуманного общества. Автор рассматривает определение ценностных ориентаций (индикаторов), отношения к своим традициям и культуре, прошлому и будущему, как насущную потребность сегодняшнего дня, а также один из основных факторов, определяющих выживание общества в целом. В виде такого индикатора предлагается изучение отношения людей к крупным историческим событиям, ставшим символами той или иной эпохи в истории государства, да и человечества в целом. Особый интерес вызывает реакция граждан России, страны, победившей фашизм в ВОВ, спустя 70 лет после этой победы, т. е. восприятие внуками победителей трагедии Холокоста. Описываются контент-анализ по данной теме и результаты, полученные автором. Опрос респондентов был направлен на выявление понимания трагических событий в истории народа, уровня знаний данной темы и отношения к геноциду евреев. В исследовании принимали участие представители молодежи разных этнокультур. ; This article is devoted to current issues of the research of contemporary young people's perception of the tragic events in the XX century. The attention is centered on shifts in population's worldview and value orientations, which undertook significant changes as a result of new political and governmental structure of Russia, and most indicative of efficiency in social transformation in general. The article encompasses our society's crisis of values, that are often controversial to each other in modern day Russia, as well as the need to create new type of culture, aimed at creating a humane culture. Author considers defining one's value orientations (indicators), attitude towards culture and tradition, past and future, to be an utmost necessity of present day, as well as one of the main factors, defining society's survival in general. Studying people's attitude towards major historical events, that became symbols of an epoch in history of a state, and humanity as whole, is suggested to be such an indicator. An object of special interest is the reaction of Russia's citizens to the tragedy of Holocaust 70 years past Russia's victory in the Great Patriotic War. A content analysis on this subject was carried out and described by the author. Respondent survey was aimed at revealing understanding of tragic events in nation's history, level of knowledge on this topic, and attitude towards the genocide of Jewish people. Youth of different ethicalities and cultures participated in the research.

Современное российское общество нельзя назвать толерантным. Особую тревогу вызывает воспитание детей в духе нетерпимости и агрессивности. Интолерантность проявляется на разных уровнях: повседневное межличностное общение; система среднего образования, не выполняющая функцию социализации, в том числе и гармонизации межэтнических отношений; политическая система: агрессивная риторика при рассмотрении ключевых проблем современности. В решении данного комплекса проблем делаются только первые шаги: на государственном уровне создание системы службы медиации в школе; на уровне общества волонтерские движения, способствующие адаптации инофонов в России. ; The modern Russia is considered as an intolerance society. The urgent problem is intolerance and aggression in process of primary socialization. The interpersonal communication, primary and secondary educational systems and political relationship support the high level of intolerance in our society. The organization school service of mediation and volunteers groups are the very first steps to solve complex problem of intolerance.

The ideological features of political correctness inmodern democratic society have been identified in thearticle. It was proved that political correctness as thepractice of specific prohibition in social communicationspace, is an ideological tool of struggle against "nondemocratic"values. ; L'article explore les caractéristiques idéologiques de la rectitude politique dans la société d'aujourd'hui. Il est prouvé que la rectitude politique comme une pratique spécifique est interdite dans l'espace de la communication sociale, un outil idéologique de lutte contre "antidémocratique" et les normes de la société. ; В статье исследованы идеологические особенностиполиткорректности в современном демократическомобществе. Доказано, что политкорректность как специфическая практика запретов в социально-комму-кативному пространстве является идеологическим средством борьбы с "недемократическими" ценностями инормами традиционного общества. ; У статті досліджені ідеологічні особливості політкоректності в сучасному демократичному суспільстві. Доведено, що політкоректність як специфічна практика заборон у соціально-комунікативному просторі є ідеологічним засобом боротьби із "недемократичними" цінностями і нормами традиційного суспільства.

The ideological features of political correctness inmodern democratic society have been identified in thearticle. It was proved that political correctness as thepractice of specific prohibition in social communicationspace, is an ideological tool of struggle against "nondemocratic"values. ; L'article explore les caractéristiques idéologiques de la rectitude politique dans la société d'aujourd'hui. Il est prouvé que la rectitude politique comme une pratique spécifique est interdite dans l'espace de la communication sociale, un outil idéologique de lutte contre "antidémocratique" et les normes de la société. ; В статье исследованы идеологические особенностиполиткорректности в современном демократическомобществе. Доказано, что политкорректность как специфическая практика запретов в социально-комму-кативному пространстве является идеологическим средством борьбы с "недемократическими" ценностями инормами традиционного общества. ; У статті досліджені ідеологічні особливості політкоректності в сучасному демократичному суспільстві. Доведено, що політкоректність як специфічна практика заборон у соціально-комунікативному просторі є ідеологічним засобом боротьби із "недемократичними" цінностями і нормами традиційного суспільства.

В статье исследованы идеологические особенностиполиткорректности в современном демократическомобществе. Доказано, что политкорректность как специфическая практика запретов в социально-комму-кативному пространстве является идеологическим средством борьбы с "недемократическими" ценностями инормами традиционного общества. ; The ideological features of political correctness inmodern democratic society have been identified in thearticle. It was proved that political correctness as thepractice of specific prohibition in social communicationspace, is an ideological tool of struggle against "nondemocratic"values. ; L'article explore les caractéristiques idéologiques de la rectitude politique dans la société d'aujourd'hui. Il est prouvé que la rectitude politique comme une pratique spécifique est interdite dans l'espace de la communication sociale, un outil idéologique de lutte contre "antidémocratique" et les normes de la société. ; У статті досліджені ідеологічні особливості політкоректності в сучасному демократичному суспільстві. Доведено, що політкоректність як специфічна практика заборон у соціально-комунікативному просторі є ідеологічним засобом боротьби із "недемократичними" цінностями і нормами традиційного суспільства.

Смолин И. В. Различие методов репрезентации "чужого" в текстах СМИ, посвященных вооруженному конфликту в Южной Осетии / И. В. Смолин // Известия Уральского государственного университета. Сер. 1, Проблемы образования, науки и культуры. — 2011. — № 3 (92). — С. 70-84.Some features of information supply concerning military operations in modern Russian printed press are being examined. The special attention is given to the image of another by language means. The examples from the qualitative and mass editions are analyzed. ; Смолин И. В. Различие методов репрезентации "чужого" в текстах СМИ, посвященных вооруженному конфликту в Южной Осетии / И. В. Смолин // Известия Уральского государственного университета. Сер. 1, Проблемы образования, науки и культуры. — 2011. — № 3 (92). — С. 70-84.Рассматриваются некоторые особенности подачи информации о боевых действиях в современных российских печатных средствах массовой информации. Особое внимание уделено подаче образа «чужого» при помощи языковых средств. Проанализированы примеры из «Российской газеты» и «Комсомольской правды».

The present dissertation is an exploration of the effect of diversity on social contract formation and the evolution of cooperation. This work stems from the pioneering efforts of economist Arthur Robson, who first explored the role of costless pre-game communication in strategic interactions. When communication is permitted, individuals playing a game can condition their behavior on the signal received from their counterpart. For my purposes, I interpret these signals as racial markers or cultural identifiers, which in turn provides a formal framework to precisely study a number of issues relevant to political and social philosophy.My first chapter, "Diversity, Tolerance and the Social Contract," starts by formalizing the state of nature as a game in which individuals can either choose to remain in the state of nature or attempt to found a social contract. I assume there exists some natural diversity in the population, and that individuals are pre-disposed to behave cooperatively with those who are more similar to themselves. I uncover an interesting relationship between diversity, tolerance and the social contract. Social contract formation is possible but initially comes with a cost for both diversity and tolerance. That is to say, individuals quickly all adopt the same signal and only behave cooperatively with those who send similar signals. This, however, is not a long-term feature of the population. In the long run, individuals slowly become more tolerant, cooperating with those who are quite dissimilar to themselves. The circle of cooperation expands, and soon all can partake in a thriving social contract.My second chapter, "Racists and Minorities in Population Games," focuses on the welfare of racial minorities, as well as explores one means of expunging racist attitudes and behaviors from a population. I show that in a wide range of games, minorities are at a distinct disadvantage. Consider the Nash demand game, a canonical bargaining game in which a resource is to be divided between two individuals. I show that in this game, minority status translates into a bargaining disadvantage. In other words, the population tends to settle on an equilibrium in which individuals from theracial majority receive the bulk of the resource. Interestingly, this minority disadvantage is not due to differential abilities or effort, but is instead simply in virtue of the minority's relative size. Second, I consider one means of reducing racist behavior. If individuals are allowed to send a plastic signal that is independent of their fixed racial signal, then individuals tend to condition their behavior on the plastic signal of their counterpart, which in turn facilitates high levels of cooperation.My final chapter, "The Possibility of Pluralism," explores cooperation and diversity in the context of a liberal pluralistic society. In such a society, many different valid conceptions of the good would exist, and individuals would ideally be tolerant of different moral beliefs and practices. Yet under what conditions is such an arrangement possible? Taking my cue from the political philosopher Gregory Kavka, I investigate how disagreement among individuals with different value systems would be settled. Individuals can either compromise and find some middle ground, or dig their heels in and refuse to concede. Using computer simulations, I identify that conflict is minimized when, among other things, individuals are embedded on a social network and are allowed to employ somewhat sophisticated strategies, such as tit-for-tat.

Despite the everyday use of clear, dichotomous we-they/us-them categories, people in Makassar (Ujung Pandang), Indonesia transcend binary ways of thinking and acting in several ways. Makassar is a regional metropolis and center of migration with a high degree of cultural diversity and a long tradition of intercultural encounters and religious tolerance. This paper seeks to foster the empirical study of vernacular cosmopolitanism. The theoretical approach of transdifference is explained and used to analyze data from participant observation in the urban fringe. In everyday life and talk, different binary categorizations level each other out. In addition, several regional (provincial) and other transethnic categorizations are also known. The example of transdifferent identity and signs of an emergent cosmopolitanism demonstrate that social life is more complicated than fashionable cultural theorizing would have us believe. Cultures should be conceived as systemic ways of living collectively; they are neither separate containers nor simply cultural flows or ethnoscapes. It is concluded that transdifference and local forms of vernacular cosmopolitanism should be studied comparatively both in urban and rural settings in Asia. (Asien/GIGA)

The Australia in World Affairs series commenced in 1950 and provides a continuous, researched scholarly account of Australia's foreign policy. This fifth volume, Australia in World Affairs 1971-1976, includes the final years of the Coalition's post-1949 time in government, and describes and evaluates the foreign policy and diplomacy of the Whitlam Labor Government. Gough Whitlam not only led his party to its first taste of power in almost a quarter of a century, but also dominated his government's dealings with the world outside. Where for so long Australia's external relations had been based on what were seen as 'natural' alignments - especially with Britain and the United States - the nation now faced the much more difficult problems involved in forging and maintaining alignments of convenience with states with whom she lacked ethnic, cultural or historical bonds, and from whom she could not expect any special consideration or tolerance.

When Elon Musk was a kid in South Africa, he was regularly beaten by bullies ... But the physical scars were minor compared to the emotional ones inflicted by his father, an engineer, rogue, and charismatic fantasist. His father's impact on his psyche would linger. He developed into a tough yet vulnerable man-child, prone to abrupt Jekyll-and-Hyde mood swings, with an exceedingly high tolerance for risk, a craving for drama, an epic sense of mission, and a maniacal intensity that was callous and at times destructive ... For two years, Isaacson shadowed Musk, attended his meetings, walked his factories with him, and spent hours interviewing him, his family, friends, coworkers, and adversaries. The result is the revealing inside story, filled with ... tales of triumphs and turmoil, that addresses the question: are the demons that drive Musk also what it takes to drive innovation and progress?"

Frontmatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction: Liberal States, Public Health, and the Tobacco Question -- 1. Children and Bystanders First: The Ethics and Politics of Tobacco Control in the United States -- 2. The Limits of Tolerance: Cigarettes, Politics, and Society in Japan -- 3. Rights and Public Health in the Balance: Tobacco Control in Canada -- 4. The Politics of Tobacco Control in Australia: International Template? -- 5. Militants,Manufacturers, and Governments: Postwar Smoking Policy in the United Kingdom -- 6. Liberté, Egalité, Fumée: Smoking and Tobacco Control in France -- 7. Between Paternalism and Voluntarism: Tobacco Consumption and Tobacco Control in Germany -- 8. Holy Smoke, No More? Tobacco Control in Denmark -- 9. Tobacco-Control Policy in the European Union -- 10. Difference and Diffusion: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Rise of Anti-Tobacco Policies -- 11. Tobacco Control in Comparative Perspective: Eight Nations in Search of an Explanation -- Conclusion: Lessons from the Comparative Study of Tobacco Control -- Notes -- Contributors -- Index

In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis placed on the role of creativity and innovation in critical areas such as thinking and problem-solving, self-management, stress tolerance and flexibility, education, sustainability, and the new normal caused by COVID-19. Though creativity is a crucial cognitive skill and innovation is a requirement to meet the challenges of today and tomorrow, these concepts must be thoroughly examined and considered as they are often misunderstood and underestimated. Achieving Sustainability Using Creativity, Innovation, and Education: A Multidisciplinary Approach discusses important issues surrounding human creativity and innovation as well as how education can develop cognitive abilities and skills and be improved to meet future challenges and demands using creativity and innovation. Covering topics such as creative leadership and problem-solving skills, it is ideal for practitioners, academicians, managers, policymakers, consultants, development specialists, researchers, instructors, and students.