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ABSTRACTWhat are Americans' views on liberal democracy? Have their attitudes changed since the 1950s? How do their attitudes about liberal democracy shape political behavior, such as vote choice? We replicated McClosky's (1964) seminal study on a module to the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. Our exploration of 26 survey questions reveals both continuity and change in Americans' attitudes toward liberal democracy. Whereas Americans have become more hostile toward some standard democratic procedural rules of the game, we also find that they harbor more tolerant attitudes toward racial and ethnic equality. We subjected respondents' answers to an exploratory factor analysis, which reveals three distinct dimensions regarding democratic values: elitism, authoritarianism, and racial supremacy. We find that elitism and racial supremacy significantly influenced political behavior in the 2016 presidential election and note that these factors contributed to mass unrest in 2020, exposing fault lines deeply rooted in America's contentious political history.

Monarchy was the dominant form of rule in the pre-modern era and it persists in a handful of countries. We propose a unified theoretical explanation for its rise and decline. Specifically, we argue that monarchy offers an efficient solution to the primordial problem of order where societies are large and citizens isolated from each other and hence have difficulty coordinating. Its efficiency is challenged by other methods of leadership selection when communication costs decline, lowering barriers to citizen coordination. This explains its dominance in the pre-modern world and its subsequent demise. To test this theory, we produce an original dataset that codes monarchies and republics in Europe (back to 1100) and the world (back to 1700). With this dataset, we test a number of observable implications of the theory—centering on territory size, political stability, tenure in office, conflict, and the role of mass communications in the modern era.

AbstractSolid‐phase extraction (SPE) and ultrasonic extraction (UE) techniques followed by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) have been modified for qualitative and quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment samples. Percentage recoveries of PAHs ranged from 85 to 121% in water and 82 to 117% in sediment samples. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 and 0.05 to 0.5 µg/L for SPE while for UE, they were between 0.008–0.09 and 0.02–0.30 µg/kg, respectively. The concentration levels of PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluorine, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene) detected in water samples were 0.071–2.7, 2.0–10.4 and 2.5–3.5 µg/L in wastewater, river water, and dam water, respectively. In sediment samples, concentration levels of PAHs were between 2.8–42.0 and 2.8–3.9 µg/kg, in river and dam sediment, respectively.

Large landslides are widespread both in the Alps and in Apennines; the observed movements are generally from extremely slow to slow with some occasional acceleration; the sudden and paroxysmal collapse of the whole mass may have catastrophic consequences. They are also difficult to characterize in their boundaries and state of activity and to monitor with traditional tools. The Advanced Differential interferometric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) technique, A-DInSAR, is a remote sensing technique, which is based on satellite radar imagery for the ground motion measurement. It is based on large stacks of SAR images and enables the measure of small displacement of the ground with a millimetThe aim of this study is to apply the A-DInSAR technique in some large landslide in Alps (Brenvetto, Rosone and Alpe Baranca landslides) in order to study the effectiveness of the technique in their study and monitoring.

The article reveals the specific of the spiritual and value identification in the discourse of media which is defined with the amount of presence of national and cosmopolitan components. The cosmopolitan texts are twice as many, though they carry different cognitive and semantic mechanisms of spiritual and value field model. The quality press represents both national and cosmopolitan components through a rich variety of cultural artifacts involved in existential and intellectual personal reflection. Due to this a high degree of abstraction of national and spiritual meanings is reached with the focus on the most important vital beginnings. The mass editions present national and spiritual meanings through the narrow and expected circle of traditional cultural signs, so they form the identity through copying of national historical symbols and nationally meaning ideas. The cosmopolitan component is objectified through the culture of contemporary consumption as the unifying stimulus.

AbstractScholars and political observers point to declining labor unions, on the one hand, and rising white identity politics, on the other, as profound changes in American politics. However, there has been little attention given to the potential feedback between these forces. In this article, we investigate the role of union membership in shaping white racial attitudes. We draw upon research in history and American political development to generate a theory of interracial labor politics, in which union membership reduces racial resentment. Cross‐sectional analyses consistently show that white union members have lower racial resentment and greater support for policies that benefit African Americans. More importantly, our panel analysis suggests that gaining union membership between 2010 and 2016 reduced racial resentment among white workers. The findings highlight the important role of labor unions in mass politics and, more broadly, the importance of organizational membership for political attitudes and behavior.

AbstractThe transformation from traditional manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing intrigues the profound and lasting effect on the future manufacturing worldwide. Industry 4.0 was proposed for advancing manufacturing to realize short product life cycles and extreme mass customization in a cost‐efficient way. As the heart of Industry 4.0, smart factory integrates physical technologies and cyber technologies and makes the involved technologies more complex and precise in order to improve performance, quality, controllability, management, and transparency of manufacturing processes. So far, leading manufacturers have begun the journey toward implementing smart factory. However, most firms still lack insight into the challenges and resources for implementing smart factory. As such, this paper identifies the requirements and key challenges, investigates available new technologies, reviews existing studies that have been done for smart factory, and further provides guidance for manufacturers to implementing smart factory in the context of Industry 4.0.

From 1975 to 1979, Canadian politicians and diplomats observed and discussed the possibility that a genocide was taking place in Cambodia. The situation was difficult to ascertain, however, given the limited history between the two countries and the deep isolation in which the Khmer Rouge regime operated after rising to power, as well as the Canadian government's limited interest in international human rights until the late 1970s. It wasn't until large numbers of refugees began to cross into Thailand in 1977–78, and began to tell their stories to Western diplomats, that human rights discussions at the United Nations began to focus more closely on the situation in Cambodia. Exploring the Canadian government's use of refugee testimonies, this article explores the relationship between narratives of mass violence and the burgeoning human rights agenda of the late 1970s to highlight the role of refugees in shaping an international human rights agenda.

Although contemporary racism has been interpreted from a large number of perspectives, since the end of World War II, its nature was associated with Colonialism, a type of analysis based on the approach of race relations and complemented by the approach of the world-system. The present study develops a comparative analysis between the postcolonial model and the model generated by Stephen Castles and Godula Kosack in 1973 (occasionally Migrant labor theory or Political economy of migration theory). The conclusions of our research suggest that the second model supports an adequate investigative capacity in its analysis, by focusing its explanations on the mobility of the massive flows of the non-spontaneous labor force (large masses of reserve workers) that arise from the capitalist needs. In this way, this paper offers guidelines that can help future research on explanatory models of contemporary racism.

Abstract
The creative industries have had a major impact on cultural policy, and it is often argued that these industries can be a vehicle for regional growth. Using regional film production in Norway as a case, I discuss the creative industries, the cluster concept and its impact on policy. I analyse two film policy documents from 2007 and 2015 in order to show how the issue of size and critical mass is an unsettled topic within the creative industries, and I question the relevance of film as an economic and regional development tool in a country with a small film industry, such as Norway. This article shows that the creative industries concept, adopted from international discourses, especially creative industries policies in the UK, has influenced Norwegian film policy, reducing the importance of cultural objectives and increased the focus on the business potential and economic aspects of culture.

Abstract
Since Pope John Paul II's stock-taking of twentieth century martyrs, the Catholic Church has significantly increased the beatification and canonization of martyrs. Not only have the numbers of martyrs increased but the definition of martyrdom has expanded. Using a comprehensive new data set on Catholic martyrs (1588 to 2020), we argue that the Vatican's recent emphasis on martyrs is a strategic response to competition with Protestants, specifically Evangelicals. Martyrs, unlike regular saints (confessors), tend to be predominantly male and died in parts of the world where the Catholic Church was actively involved in evangelization or had a significant presence. Martyrdom often associates with violent events, such as the Spanish Civil War, World War II, and the French Revolution, and with mass persecutions, such as in the English Reformation or in cases of repression of missionaries, as in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and China.

Climate change policymaking has stalled at the federal level in the United States, especially since Donald Trump's election as president. Concurrently, extreme weather, rising sea levels, and other climatic effects have increased the salience of climate change in the mass public and among elected officials. In response, legislators in state governments increasingly introduce and adopt policies associated with climate change. In this article, we evaluate the state of climate change policymaking in state legislatures, with a focus on overall trends in climate mitigation and adaptation innovation and cases of policy retrenchment. We document an increased level of climate legislation introduced in U.S. states since President Trump's election, particularly in states under Democratic Party control. We evaluate patterns of introduced legislation across the states between 2011 and 2019 and consider the factors associated with bill sponsorship. Our results demonstrate the increased partisan nature of climate change policymaking in U.S. states.

Although it is often assumed that Raphael Lemkin's original concept of genocide related only to Nazi atrocities, in fact the elements of the offense as Lemkin construed it predate his elaboration of genocide in Axis Rule in Europe. It is clear from Lemkin's published and unpublished writings that he intended his definition to apply to other mass exterminations, including settler-Indian interactions on the North American frontier. Lemkin forsook the constrictive hermeneutics of legal formalism in favour of a broad understanding of genocide. At the heart of his concept was a concern with the preservation of unique cultural forms—the very phenomena under threat from civilian settler colonialism. Lemkin's surprisingly non-legalistic concept of genocide is rooted less in 20th century legal developments than in European Romanticism. While law was the integument of his concept, the urge to protect cultural ways of being in the world was its life-blood.

Given the continuous growth of the bacterial resistance phenomenon, the appropriate choice of antibiotherapy represents an important step in the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Depending on the symptomatology, the dose required for the effective treatment of an infection may vary. Inadequate dosing not only reduces the effectiveness of the antibiotic, but also promotes the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Also, too high of a dose increases the toxic side effects of antibiotics. Therefore, a personalised antibiotherapy according to: the patient's clinical status, body mass, associated chronic diseases, etc. represents a promising approach in the treatment of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study is to present the most important current affairs regarding the emergence of new antibiotics, the maximum doses recommended by the latest version of the ""European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing"" (EUCAST - version 9/2019) and providing an indication on whether these antibiotics are used in Romania.

This essay explores modernism's aesthetic and political implications through examining the works of Humphrey Jennings. The essay takes as a starting point the tension inherent to the democratic aesthetic of Mass Observation between the individual observers and the editors who write up. This tension can be effectively examined in terms of what Jacques Rancière calls 'film fables': the Aristotelian 'fable' of dramatic action and cinema's 'fable' of egalitarian treatment of 'passive' images. The essay argues that the paradox between the two 'fables' can be observed in Jennings's works, especially in his essays on Thomas Gray, his 'report' poems, and The Silent Village (1943), a dystopian propaganda film set in a Welsh village invaded by Nazis Germany. By looking at these works, the essay illustrates how the utopian longing for 'pure art' in modernism is related to the impossible idea of 'democracy'.