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This is a review of the second volume of A. Battler's "Mirology". The author presents a critical analysis of theories of international relations in Western, Japanese, Chinese, Soviet and Russian science. Battler's theoretical research focuses on the analysis of the problem of power in international relations, progress and agency. Special attention is paid to the political economy of international relations. ; В рецензии анализируется второй том работы А. Бэттлера «Мирология» (Бэттлер А. Мирология. Прогресс и сила в мировых отношениях. М. : ИТРК, 2015. Т. II. Борьба всех против всех. 672 с.). Отмечается авторский критический анализ теорий международных отношений в западной, японской, китайской, советской и российской науке. Центральное место в теоретической разработке самого А. Бэттлера занимает анализ проблемы силы в международных отношениях, прогресса и субъектности. Особое внимание уделяется политэкономии международных отношений.

This paper deals with Wael Hallaq's book, The Impossible State, published by Columbia University Press, 2013. By analysing of various Islamic political analysts, like Lama Abu Odeh, Andrew March, Carl Schmitt and John Gray, the author critiques it. Wael Hallaq has studied of the 'Islamic State', which was considered in the standard of a modern state, and he described as "impossible and contradictory". This statement was an assessment that refers to the modern state on the one hand, and which is referred by Hallaq as 'Islamic government' on the other hand. Through historical analysis, the authors noticed that history has become a battleground in which the conflict between Islam and the state took place in the area of subjectivity. In this case, history was understood as a contradiction between two opposing historical relationship in one trencendency.

When radars operate in coastal or offshore environments, an undesired signal known as clutter appears as background in the measurements. The CA-CFAR detector is the classic solution for the detection of targets inside clutter, typically using a fixed value for its adjustment factor the entire period of operation. Using MATLAB, the author simulates the CA-CFAR response under amplitude samples from the classical sea clutter Weibull distribution. As a result, a relation between operating conditions (Weibull shape parameter) and the most efficient adjustment factor is obtained for various false alarm probabilities. Thus, the implementation of a new detector that achieves the adaptation to changing environments through the use of a variable adjustment factor is suggested. Note that sea environment is present in most radar scenarios both in military and meteorological applications.

This study deals with the Italian question in the Habsburg Monarchy between 1815 and 1835 in terms of the Austrian political and police sources. In the introduction, the author points out the shortcomings of the newly acquired Austrian Italian territories Lombardy and Venetia as well as the measures seeking to suppress nationalism, constitutionalism and jacobinism there. Since the Austrian authorities had not considered the incorporation process by far as concluded, the nature of the documents mentioned above follow the line of strict surveillance and threat identification, investigation, arrest and repression. In the last section, the attention is being paid to various questions concerning the incarceration of Carbonari at the notorious Moravian prison fortress Spielberg, e. g., the way of their treatment, medical care or spiritual control.

Lozinsky P. I. Problems of improvement of the professional communicative competence of an officer. The paper highlights problems of the foreign language preparation of the cadets of high military institutions. The author states that practical English classes should meet theneeds of students of higher military educational institutions in the modern world. The ways of increasing of the professional communicative competence of future officers in order tocommunicate at the international level are proposed. ; Лозинський П. І. Проблеми підвищення професійної комунікативної компетентності майбутнього офіцера У статті розглянуто проблему професійної іноземної підготовки курсантів у вищих військових навчальних закладах. Автор визначає, що практичні заняття з англійської мови повинні задовольнити потреби курсантів вищих військових навчальних закладів в сучасному світі. Запропоновано шляхи підвищення професійної комунікативної компетентності майбутнього офіцера з метою спілкування на міжнародному рівні.

The article analyses the process and outcomes of European regional policy. The author focuses on special programs and projects that involve Spain and Portugal as well as discusses the Iberian regions' initiatives for European integration. Therefore, the aspects of the regional cooperation are best accounted for in the all-European context. Key words: The European Union, Europe, regional policy, regions, Spain, Portugal. ; В статье рассматривается опыт реализации политики в отношении регионов, проводимой Европейским союзом на современном этапе. Особое внимание уделяется программам и проектам, в которых принимают участие регионы стран Пиренейского полуострова, а также инициативам испанских и португальских регионов в процессе евроинтеграции. В данном контексте анализируются вектор сотрудничества регионов в общеевропейском пространстве, а также возможность их трансграничной и транснациональной кооперации.Ключевые слова: Европейский союз, Европа, региональная политика, регионы, Испания, Португалия.

In the article the author concentrates on Immanuel Kant?s philosophical
musings on phantasy and its artistic products such as novels (Romane).
Although Kant was one of the first critics of the early German romanticist
endeavors to emancipate the force of phantasy from the domination of the
mind/reason, he was also incapable to resist the temptation to give phantasy
important role in the cognitive activities of man. Ultimately, phantasy was
crucial in Kant?s concept of aestheticised natural order of things (because
it leads man to perceive nature as beautiful as well as to begin ?poetic
daydreaming? about nature), but also in his concept of divine worldly order
of things after the end of history (because it enables men to be certain
about coming of God?s kingdom on Earth).

Over the Romantic reception of Kant, the author attempts to show a
relationship between the Romanticism and the Enlightenment. First part of the
paper reconstructs the social conditions that created the strange path of
transformation of parts of Kant?s teachings in the romantic motifs. The
second part follows the theoretical precomposition of Kant?s thought in
Fichte and expressly deviation from it in Novalis and Schlegel. Third section
presents the key moments of the Romantic critique of the Enlightenment mind,
and fourth its ambiguous pracital-political effects. In conclusion, it is
suggested that Romanticism tested and testified the transcending of limits of
the very freedom for which Kant believed that man becomes worthy of only if
it is used in a lawful and purposeful manner.

The German philosopher Martin Heidegger and the Serbian poet Vladislav Petković Dis differ in culture, language, vocation and, finally, in the views they had about the overall human reasoning and creativity. In this paper, the author tries to demonstrate that the creative personality of the Serbian poet in the author's opinion, a poet not recognized at his true Value fits in the profile of poetry defined by Heidegger when he writes about 'poor times'. The poetic language of Dis is not always unified, however, his poetry is the closest to the purpose of every art: the revelation of the meaning of creation and existence. Heidegger, in his philosophy, Vladislav Petković, in his poetry, both show that reflection and writing are in harmony and even have the same purpose the discovery of the essential truth.

The movement for a 'new school and modern education', whose representative was Vićentije Rakic, included all the European coun­tries between the two world wars. It was also influential in our country. At that time it was felt that there were deficiencies and poor educational effects in our schools, and that there was a need for a modern contemporary pedagogical reform. Increasingly there was a need to adapt our schools to the requirements of the new time and to the developmental and educational needs of our country. It was necessary to implement contemporary educational methods for our new school to be more successful. In this paper, the author attempts to present Vićentije Rakić, one of the representatives of that new pedagogical orientation, through the analysis of the concepts of education in his works.

"The past few years are characterized by increased Chinese assertiveness in the South China Sea that resulted in various confrontations with the Philippines and Vietnam and an enhanced involvement of the United States. The core question is what other states, especially China's adversaries, can do, to evade spirals of escalation without compromising their claims. This report compares the crisis-prone Sino-Philippines with the rather harmonious Sino-Malaysian relations. It extends analysis backwards to the early days of Chinese assertiveness in the late 1980s. This allows the author to show that Chinese behavior in the territorial conflicts co-varies with the contender's level of recognition of the benign Chinese concepts of national self and world order. Displaying respect towards China mitigates Chinese conflict behavior without compromising the opponent's territorial claims." (author's abstract)

In the article are offered the models allowing deeper understand the essence of the concepts "will" and "attention", and to determine their possible types, which allows us to clear up the essence of the concept "faith". Proceeding from the principle of symmetry of the Laws of Nature and of some general physical representations, a heuristic glance at the fundamentals of General Psychology is proposed, which allows us to discern interrelations between the basic concepts of General Psychology, and thereby systematizing them. In doing so the author does not attempt to reduce complex psychical processes to mechanical schemes, and at all not concerned these processes, but the real unity of the foundation of science as a whole concerning to the General Psychology is trying to show.

Abay Qunanbaev (Qunanbaiuli) was the founder and architect of Kazakh written literature. Since his childhood, he studied religious science and got acquainted with eastern literature, particularly Iranian classic literature and Persian poetry and poets such as Ferdowsi, Hafiz, Sa'adi, Molavi, Nezami and etc.Abay read epic poetry and odes from the great eastern poets on their original texts or Jugatay (old language of central Asia) translations and first raised prosody derived from Persian poetry in Kazakh poetry and this way many Persian vocabulary entered Kazakh language.Using a bibliographic method, the author in current research studies this Kazakh poet's works from valid and reliable resources. Regarding the special attention paid by this poet to the existing concepts in Persian poetry, particularly those of Ferdowsi, we have attempted to express some of their similarities.

After a brief overview of the national edition of Dante's works and the essential critical bibliography concerning the poem's text, the author focuses on Petrocchi's edition of the 'antica vulgata,' on the subsequent attempts by Lanza and Sanguineti (based on Bédier's method), and the generous experiment by Paolo Trovato (based on Lachmann's method). These proposals can be integrated with the idea (supported by Padoan, Pasquini, and Veglia) of a diffusion by groups of cantos characterised, from the outset, by the interference of oral transmission. The article also examines a number of supposedly indifferent variants (taken from Petrocchi's critical apparatus), where one of the two alternatives can be recognised as the copyist's initiative, so as to exclude any doubt that it provides an authorial variant.

CIS members legislation regulating judicial proceedings on individual constitutional complaints is in the process of development, the relevant problems are debated by leading experts on national and international level. In view of the aforesaid this article is devoted to core concept of constitutional complaint - the model of complaint and contains comparative legal analysis of models incorporated in legislation of CIS members in different historical periods. The author proposes to enlarge the list of objects of constitutional complaint so that it includes all types of normative acts as well as individual acts, i.e. to introduce the model of full constitutional complaint. The named measures are aimed to strengthen protection of constitutional human rights in Russia and also to decrease the number of complaints against Russia filed to European Court of Human Rights.