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The International Dimension of Subnational Self-Government
In: Publius: the journal of federalism, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 5
ISSN: 0048-5950
International Rewards for Gender Equality Reforms in Autocracies
In: American political science review, S. 1-15
ISSN: 1537-5943
How do international audiences perceive, and respond to, gender equality reforms in autocracies? For autocrats, the post-Cold War rewards associated with democracy create incentives to make reforms that will be viewed as democratic but not threaten their political survival. We theorize women's rights as one such policy area, contrasting it with more politically costly reforms to increase electoral competition. A conjoint survey experiment with development and democracy promotion professionals demonstrates how autocracies enhance their reputations and prospects for foreign aid using this strategy. While increasing electoral competition significantly improves perceived democracy and support for aid, increasing women's economic rights is also highly effective. Gender quotas exhibit a significant (though smaller) effect on perceived democracy. A follow-up survey of the public and elite interviews replicate and contextualize the findings. Relevant international elites espouse a broad, egalitarian conception of democracy, and autocrats accordingly enjoy considerable leeway in how to burnish their reputations.
Introducing Virtual Student Exchange in international university education
Virtual Exchange (VE) is an umbrella term which refers to the numerous online learning initiatives and methodologies which engage learners in sustained online collaborative learning and interaction with partners from different cultural backgrounds as part of their study programmes. This article reviews the differences between VE and the activities of Virtual Mobility and Blended Mobility. Following that, the main learning outcomes for teachers and students engaged in VE are outlined. The article concludes by proposing how universities can consider the activity within their internationalisation programmes and how they can support its take up among teaching staff. It is argued that VE is not in competition with physical mobility programmes, nor is it an 'emergency tool' to be considered only in times of pandemics and limited international travel. Instead, VE should be considered as a preparation for or complement to physical mobility which serves to enhance the range of international learning experiences which an institution offers its students.
Comparable Worth and Gender Discrimination: An International Perspective
In: International labour review, Band 133, Heft 3, S. 426-427
ISSN: 0020-7780
Proposed international manning pool of merchant seamen
In: International labour review, Band 46, S. 68-69
ISSN: 0020-7780
The International wheat agreement and postwar relief
In: International labour review, Band 46, S. 443-445
ISSN: 0020-7780
International statistics of rents in certain towns in 1932
In: International labour review, Band 28, S. 248-264
ISSN: 0020-7780
Minimum wages and the International labour conference
In: International labour review, Band 15, S. 669-680
ISSN: 0020-7780
The third international conference of labour statisticians
In: International labour review, Band 15, S. 1-23
ISSN: 0020-7780
The second international conference of labour statisticians
In: International labour review, Band 12, S. 1-22
ISSN: 0020-7780
The international labour organisation and social insurance
In: International labour review, Band 11, S. 763-783
ISSN: 0020-7780
Punitive Damages Awards in International Arbitration: Franchising Case
In: Žurnal Sibirskogo Federal'nogo Universiteta: Journal of Siberian Federal University. Gumanitarnye nauki = Humanities & social sciences, Band 14, Heft 11, S. 1613-1625
ISSN: 2313-6014
This article is written to evaluate the practical significance of punitive damages in the field of arbitration concerning international commercial disputes and franchise disputes. It finds that punitive damages awards are frequent in domestic arbitrations in the United States but not internationally common. This article discusses the severity of the punitive damages awards to explain why such decisions are not frequent in international trade disputes; it still has a significant influence that concerns the contracting parties, making them exclude punitive damages in their agreements. This article also explains the reasons for limiting the use of these punitive damages. The first one is the limitation of punitive damages applied to arbitration. Indeed, punitive damages are only recognised under a handful of domestic arbitration laws in a number of countries, especially the ones associated with contract claims. Secondly, the enforceability of such awards is internationally limited due to public policy. Therefore, this difficulty caused the arbitral tribunal to refuse to award such damages. Finally, the statistics on punitive damages award in international commercial arbitration are scarce, so the article refers to provide and analyse the cases that are not international-thereby discussing and evaluating the suitability of punitive damages in the context of international commercial arbitration
Family Provision on Death -The International Dimension
In: International & comparative law quarterly: ICLQ, Band 39, Heft 2, S. 261
ISSN: 0020-5893