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The dominant use of English in every field covering politic, economic, and sosial culture these days has manifested in its gaining a special position in many countries where it is not spoken. In Indonesia, it is a foreign language officially constituted as part of national education curriculum and becomes a requirement in a number of higher education and workforce entry. Yet, ELT in Indonesia faces various constraints including, but is not limited, the anxiousness to threat the purity of Bahasa Indonesia, the national language, and the worry about liberal western values embedded in English to corrupt the youngsters moral and attitudes. Interestingly, Islamic education that maintains a vital role among Indonesians has included English alongside other secular sciences and technology as part of its curriculum in its current advancement. In this regard, the paper will show how critical Islamic education role among Indonesians is, how ELT in Indonesia has developed, what challenges it experiences, and what opportunities it posseses in the context of Indonesian Islamic Education. The paper argues that Islamic education remains the choice of the Indonesian Muslim communities as long as it is able to meet the demands of living in the globalization era while keeping the Islamic values in all the learning process. It further suggests that ELT in Indonesia needs to incorporate Islamic values and show that English learning put no threats and negative influences to Indonesian culture in general and Islamic religious values in particular.

The author takes a critical look at Indian English poetry and poets and cultural influences on them. He points out the special social and historical functions, the work that poetry is called upon to do in transitional India. He notes that unlike other Indian literatures, Indian English poetry has no regional base, no relevant literary tradition with sufficient authority to guide critics to writers. (DÜI-Sen)

Michael Andindilile in The Anglophone Literary-Linguistic Continuum: English and Indigenous Languages in African Literary Discourse interrogates Obi Wali's (1963) prophecy that continued use of former colonial languages in the production of African literature could only lead to 'sterility', as African literatures can only be written in indigenous African languages. In doing so, Andindilile critically examines selected of novels of Achebe of Nigeria, Ngũgĩ of Kenya, Gordimer of South Africa and Farah of Somalia and shows that, when we pay close attention to what these authors represent about their African societies, and the way they integrate African languages, values, beliefs and cultures, we can discover what constitutes the Anglophone African literary-linguistic continuum. This continuum can be defined as variations in the literary usage of English in African literary discourse, with the language serving as the base to which writers add variations inspired by indigenous languages, beliefs, cultures and, sometimes, nation-specific experiences

Political resistance to European integration in the UK laid important ideological foundations for contemporary English nationalism. The politics surrounding accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) was such that it signalled that accession was a matter of supreme national importance and, via the device of a referendum, it led to the fusing of parliamentary and popular sovereignty. The unfolding of the Thatcherite project in Britain added an individualistic - and eventually an anti-European - dimension to this nascent English nationalism. Resistance to the deepening political and monetary integration of Europe, coupled with the effects of devolution in the UK, led to the emergence of a populist English nationalism, by now fundamentally shaped by opposition to European integration, albeit a nationalism that merged the defence of British and English sovereignty. Underpinning these three developments was a popular version of the past that saw 'Europe' as the ultimate institutional expression of British decline. Thus Euroscepeticism generated the ideology of contemporary English nationalism by legitimising the defence of parliamentary sovereignty through the invocation of popular sovereignty underpinned by reference to the past.

Political resistance to European integration in the UK laid important ideological foundations for contemporary English nationalism. The politics surrounding accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) was such that it signalled that accession was a matter of supreme national importance and, via the device of a referendum, it led to the fusing of parliamentary and popular sovereignty. The unfolding of the Thatcherite project in Britain added an individualistic - and eventually an anti-European - dimension to this nascent English nationalism. Resistance to the deepening political and monetary integration of Europe, coupled with the effects of devolution in the UK, led to the emergence of a populist English nationalism, by now fundamentally shaped by opposition to European integration, albeit a nationalism that meged the defence of British and English sovereignty. Underpinning these three developments was a popular version of the past that saw 'Europe' as the ultimate institutional expression of British decline. Thus Euroscepticism generated the ideology of contemporary English nationalism by legitimising the defence of parliamentary sovereignty through the invocation of popular sovereignty underpinned by reference to the past. (Nations and Nationalism)

Learning through social communication is promoted when citizens are able to identify which of their associates is likely to possess the necessary political information. This paper examines the factors that influence individuals' evaluations of political expertise. Actual political expertise plays a large role in perceived expertise, but mistakes are made. These are largely the result of assuming that those engaged in politics must also be knowledgeable about politics. This paper uses the 1996 Indianapolis-St. Louis Study and the 2000 National Election Study to identify factors that bias levels of perceived political knowledge. The paper concludes by demonstrating that perceived expertise plays a larger role than actual expertise in the social influence process. Adapted from the source document.

In this book Kerry Whiteside introduces the work of a range of French ecological theorists to an English-speaking audience. He shows how thinkers in France and in English-speaking countries have produced different strains of ecological thought and suggests that the work of French ecological theorists could lessen pervasive tensions in Anglophone ecology.Much of the theory written in English is shaped by the debate between anthropocentric ecologists, who contend that the value of our nonhuman surroundings derives from their role in fulfilling human interests, and ecocentric ecologists, who contend that the nonhuman world holds ultimate value in and of itself. This debate is almost nonexistent among French theorists, who tend to focus on the processes linking nature and human identity. Whiteside suggests that the insights of French theorists could help English-language theorists to extricate themselves from endless debates over the real center of nature's value.Among the French theorists discussed are Denis de Rougemont, Denis Duclos, Rene Dumont, Luc Ferry, Andre Gorz, Felix Guattari, Bruno Latour, Alain Lipietz, Edgar Morin, Serge Moscovici, and Michel Serres. The English-language theorists discussed include John Barry, Robyn Eckersley, Robert Goodin, Tim Hayward, Holmes Rolston III, and Paul Taylor.

The main focus of the article is a stratum within Business English vocabulary known as special phraseology and noted for the underlying fusion of terminological and metaphorical properties. The use of authentic samples of business discourse and the application of the corpora-based, descriptive, lexicographic, functional and quantitative methods allowed to uncover and present the systemic-structural, cognitive and functional characteristics of the stratum under analysis. The results of the study lead to a better understanding of the nature, scope, variety and functions of special phraseology as a low-frequency but dynamic and open-ended stratum of Business English vocabulary. As based on the material assembled and examined in the article, the list of the functional layers within Business English vocabulary has been expanded and therefore comprises 15 lexical, lexical-phraseological and terminological strata

THE EXISTENCE OF DISTINCT REGIONAL POLITICAL CULTURES WITHIN CANADA IS INVESTIGATED. USING A NATIONAL SAMPLE (N=2,600), SCALES MEASURING CITIZEN EFFICIENCY, TRUST IN GOVERNMENT, & POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT WERE CONSTRUCTED & TABULATED WITH LANGUAGE & PROVINCE. THEY WERE COMBINED INTO A TYPOLOGY OF 4 CITIZEN TYPES: (1) CITIZENS (TRUSTING & EFFICACIOUS), (2) DEFERENTIALS (TRUSTING BUT NOT EFFICACIOUS), (3) REBELS (EFFICACIOUS BUT NOT TRUSTING), & (4) ALIENATED (NEITHER TRUSTING NOT EFFICACIOUS). LARGE INTERPROVINCIAL VARIATIONS WERE FOUND, ESPECIALLY WITH TRUST & EFFICACY. BRITISH COLUMBIA HAD THE HIGHEST PROPORTION OF CITIZENS & REBELS, WHILE THE MARITIMES PROVINCES, & THE FRENCH-SPEAKING OUTSIDE QUEBEC, HAD THE LARGEST PROPORTIONS OF ALIENATED VOTERS. IN INVOLVEMENT, HOWEVER, THE MARITIMES RANKED HIGHER. SUCH STRIKING DIFFERENCES COULD FLOW FROM THE EXISTENCE OF DISTINCTIVE REGIONAL CULTURES, OR SIMPLY FROM THE FACT THAT THE PROVINCIAL POPULATIONS DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER IN SUCH SE CHARACTERISTICS AS EDUCATION, CLASS, INCOME, & UR/RU MAKEUP. A SERIES OF CONTROL VARIABLES WAS INTRODUCED TO SEE IF THESE WASHED OUT THE DIFFERENCES. IN SOME CASES, INTERREGIONAL DIFFERENCES ACTUALLY INCREASED. THE EFFECT OF CONTROL VARIABLES DIFFERED ACROSS REGIONS; IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, THE MC & THE WC DIFFERED LITTLE IN TRUST & EFFICACY, IN THE MARITIMES THEY DIFFERED SHARPLY. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE CONFIRMED THAT BOTH REGION & THE SE FACTORS INDEPENDENTLY ACCOUNTED FOR VARIATIONS ALONG THE 3 DIMENSIONS. THE INTERPROVINCIAL DIFFERENCES IN BASIC POLITICAL ATTITUDES ARE A FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT CULTURES. VARIATIONS AMONG ENGLISH- SPEAKING PROVINCES ARE AT LEAST AS GREAT AS THE MORE COMMONLY NOTED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ENGLISH & FRENCH-SPEAKING CANADIANS. 17 TABLES. MODIFIED AA.

Abstract
This article presents a study which aimed to explore in what ways Armenian EFL students use their English language knowledge outside the classroom. The study involved 38 EFL learners of different English proficiency levels, ages, and genders. Data were collected using surveys and in-depth interviews. Findings indicate that most of the Armenian EFL learners use English out of the class very often, especially with social media, listening to songs, watching movies and clips, as well as travelling and searching on the Internet. Based on the findings, specific recommendations are offered to bring the students' interests into the classroom.

This study investigates the determinants of English language proficiency among students at Panyapiwat Institute of Management (PIM) in accordance with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) standards. The determinant factors under examination encompass students' attitudes, prior English language knowledge, information-seeking behavior, satisfaction with English language learning, teachers' expertise, teacher readiness, teaching methodologies, familial support, environmental factors, and international exposure. Data were gathered through a survey administered to 469 PIM students, and the analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The findings revealed that five significant factors influence PIM students' English proficiency, namely their prior English language knowledge, inclination toward seeking knowledge, teachers' expertise, classroom environment, and practical language usage experiences. Additionally, the research demonstrated a noteworthy impact of students' Grade Point Average (GPA) and the time dedicated to learning English on their CEFR scores. This study contributes to the field by shedding light on the multifaceted factors influencing English language proficiency among PIM students, offering insights that can inform language education strategies and policies. It emphasizes the importance of prior knowledge, information-seeking behavior, teacher quality, classroom environment, and practical language application in enhancing English language skills. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SIED2-020 Full Text: PDF