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Res on the Negro in the US began before the Civil War as a consequence of the debates on slavery. After emancipation,& continuing until after WWI,innate capabilities of the Negro became the center of res interest. Interest gradually shifted to studies of att's. The new role of world leadership forced on the US resulted in a deepened concern for res on the strategy of soc action related to the diminution of discrimination. Since 1947 action-res has investigated segregation-integration in the armed forces, in industry, & in the public Sch's of the South. As a consequence of its experience with soc sci res during WWII, the US gov in 1951 contracted for a study to investigate the effects of desegregation in the armed forces. The outcome was the carrying out to completion of such a policy. Since WWII various groups including the gov, labor unions, & U's, have sponsored res integration in industry & commerce. One of the most signif publications in this regard is the book by Eli Ginsburg, THE NEGRO POTENTIAL (Columbia U, 1956). The trend in res in housing has been away from questions of the origins of ghettoes & toward studies of residential desegregation. Among signif recent studies are those carried out at New York U & the U of Chicago. There has been little material published outside the South on the overshadowing issue of Sch desegregation. An interest has developed in redefining the issue to aid in the development of a general soc sci theory. Another tendency has been that of dealing with the Negro-white relations as that of a special instance of a more general problem of intergroup relations. There has been much res on how educ'al, religious, & other agencies can originate & support changes in the structure of intergroup relations. Various agencies of this type have begun to use the 'self-survey' as a technique for fact finding in this area. Of 307 PhD dissertations in sociol in 1955 & 1957, 17 dealt with the Negro or general race relations. About 33% of these dealt with the status system of the Negro community. Of the 63 journal articles published between 1952 & 1956, the greatest number was devoted to studies of racial att's & studies with a soc action orientation. There were only 2 important articles attempting to reappraise concepts, methodology, & the general theory of race relations. Americans are beginning to view the Negro as a person rather than a `problem'. B. J. Keeley.

"The Routledge Handbook of European Sociology explores the main aspects of the work and scholarship of European sociologists during the last sixty years (1950-2010), a period that has shaped the methods and identity of the sociological craft. European social theory has produced a vast constellation of theoretical landscapes with a far reaching impact. At the same time there has been diversity and fragmentation, the influence of American sociology, and the effect of social practice and transformations. The guiding question is: does European Sociology really exist today, and if the answer is positive, what does this really mean? Divided into four parts, the Handbook investigates:intellectual and institutional settingsregional variationsthematic variationsEuropean concerns.The Handbook will provides a set of state-of-the-art accounts that break new ground, each contribution teasing out the distinctively European features of the sociological theme it explores. It will be of interest to students and scholars across the social sciences and humanities"--

This volume features sociological research and theory on gender and sexuality in the workplace, and identifies how organizations can achieve a gender-balanced and sexually-diverse work force. While identifying characteristics of work organizations that have made important strides to achieving equality in the workplace, articles also detail how women and sexual minorities continue to face discrimination, harassment, and exclusion. Special attention is paid to how race and class shape the experience of discrimination for these groups. Topics discussed are wide-ranging and include: gender discrimination and the wage gap; sexual minorities (LGBT workers); homophobic and "gay friendly" workplaces; sexual harassment; sex in the workplace; sex work and sex workers; gender equity policies; transgender workers; men and women in non-traditional jobs; occupational gender segregation; and gender difference in work hours. The Research in the Sociology of Work series is proud to publish the works of new and established scholars on these important topics, including both quantitative and qualitative studies, as well as review essays that set the agenda for future sociological analysis

Preliminary Materials /J. Blasi -- Introduction /Anthony J. Blasi -- Chapter One. Early Dissertations In American Sociology Of Religion /Anthony J. Blasi -- Chapter Two. The Theoretical Trajectory /Doyle Paul Johnson -- Chapter Three. The Protestant Ethic Thesis As American Sociology Of Religion /William H. Swatos Jr. and Peter Kivisto -- Chapter Four. The Emergence Of Mormon Studies In The Social Sciences /Armand L. Mauss -- Chapter Five. The Sociological Study Of American Catholicism: Past, Present And Future /James C. Cavendish -- Chapter Six. Buddhism Under Study /Joseph B. Tamney -- Chapter Seven. Women, Gender And Feminism In The Sociology Of Religion: Theory, Research And Social Action /Nancy Nason-Clark and Barbara Fisher-Townsend -- Chapter Eight. A Sociological Analysis Of Latino Religions: The Formation Of The Theoretical Binary And Beyond /Alberto López Pulido -- Chapter Nine. The Sociology Of New Religious Movements /E. Burke Rochford Jr. -- Chapter Ten. Globalization And The Sociology Of Religion In America: Some Representative Perspectives /John H. Simpson -- Contributors /J. Blasi.

The article analyzes the foundations methods and theoretical limits of the traditional sociological theories of social inequality. These theories do not distinguish methodologically between agence and structure. This makes such a theory of social inequality just a "social taxonomy". The theories of A. Giddens and P. Bourdieu are viewed as the contemporary theoretical and methodological constructivist approaches to social inequality. They are based on the notions of "social practices", "symbolic categorization", "distinction", "life style" (P. Bourdieu) and "reflexive structuration" (A. Giddens). The analysis demonstrates the lack of historical dimension in these theories. The article proves the need to analyze the basic everyday practices which give rise to social inequality. It is necessary to broaden the sphere of sociological research and use the historical perspective. It should also include as its object the system of social inequality in pre-modern societies. The article strives to achieve this by analyzing such pre-modern social practices of social inequality as inclusion/exclusion based on mechanisms of stigmatization, lanquage and ethuic-religions tradition.

The article is devoted to the sociological data analysis, considering local communities strategic planning analytical support in terms of their advantages as well as disadvantages studying based on particular local community case analysis, involving both qualitative and quantitative methodological approach. Scientific data, devoted to the local communities inhabitans' cultural and consciousness patterns (based on S. Schwartz's value profiles theory as well as the cultural dynamic and evolution concept provided by V. Graves, D. Beck, K. Kovan), is introduced in the article. The analytical background, considering Ukrainian, former Soviet Union and Western European countries data is been provided. A number of indicators such as institutional tolerance, satisfaction, subjectivity, social participation and everyday practices have been analyzed. It has been concluded, that in order to implement effectiveness of local communities strategic planning process a range of approaches based on social and cultural identity of Precarpathian region should be provided. Key words: Local Community, Strategic Planning, Development, Sociological Research, Project Approach.

'Non-knowledge' is a classical sociological term introduced into sociology most prominently by Georg Simmel. Dismissing classical sociological concepts as 'zombie categories', Ulrich Beck turned to non-knowledge relatively late in his career. This article argues provocatively that many of Beck's observations on issues ranging from the uninsurability of modern risks to the notion of risk itself would have greatly profited from being complemented or even substituted by a theory of not knowing. Viewed in this light, Beck's notion of risk no longer applies to the world he describes and thus has become one of his own zombie categories. The article then takes up some of Beck's unfinished attempts at conceptualizing the unknown and develops them further so that they might prove useful for security studies and related fields today. To illustrate this approach, the article uses examples of non-knowledge on matters ranging from potential terrorist attacks to issues of human health and security.

The article represents the research of theories of electoral choice, including three classic - sociological, social-psychological and rational-instrumental. It was proved that in conditions of the political system should be developed the integrative model of the electoral choice on the basis of the methodological instrument called "funnel of causality" which provides narrowing of the research focus which enables to analyze, systematize and integrate step by step diversified factors of the electoral choice. These factors were inherent for sociological, social psychological and rational instrumental approaches.Key words: the electoral choice, determinants of the electoral choice, funnel of causality, rational choice theory. ; Досліджено низку теорій електорального вибору, зокрема три класичних – соціально-психологічну, соціологічну, раціонально-інструментальну. Доведено, що в умовах політичних систем, котрі трансформуються, доцільно побудувати інтегративну модель електорального вибору на основі методологічного інструментарію "лійки причиновості", яка, передбачаючи поступове звуження фокусу аналізу,дає змогу систематизувати й інтегрувати різнопланові чинники електорального вибору, характерні для соціологічного, соціально-психологічного та раціонально-інструментального підходів.Ключові слова: електоральний вибір, детермінанти електорального вибору, лійка причиновості, теорія раціонального вибору.

On the 50th anniversary of the ISSA and IRSS, an influential scholar in the study of sport and nation, Wolfram Manzenreiter, argues in favor of a combination of micro- and macro-sociological approaches to further our understanding of sport as a universal – or anthropogenic – expression and global institution. In his assessment, the hegemonic power of the Western bloc is noted whereby Western cultural sensibilities have been transformed into universal principles about the value and framing of sport. While the emergence of globalization theory has significantly altered the formerly biased view on the spread of sport as a manifestation of societal development, a key challenge to any sociological rendering of sport remains seated in ongoing tendencies to embrace methodological nationalism and a constructionist view on mankind and culture. In considering the future, Manzenreiter notes that any attempt to de-center the study of sport faces untangling the tensions between nationalism and globalization while at the same time coming to grips with universal understandings in the face of particularized historical and cultural sensibilities.

This paper analyzes one of last taboos of modern Western society, namely antisemitism. This analysis is being conducted through a reading of Hannah Arendt's views of antisemitism. Arendt was not known as a sociologist. She shared many of her Weimar contemporaries' prejudices against the Social Sciences & sociology in particular, but this did not prevent her to present a sociological analysis on antisemitism, which will be read here in conjunction with the works of Georg Simmel, Karl Marx, Werner Sombart & Juri Slezkine. In an early essay on the subject written in France in the late 1930s, Arendt places the emergence of modern antisemitism in a class struggle between the German aristocracy & bourgeoisie. Jews were considered the ultimate bourgeois newcomers incapable of understanding the laws of deference that held society together. The sociological role of money & its identification with the Jews will anchor the analysis here. Thus, starting with Arendt's theory of antisemitism, a larger framework of modernity & antisemitism can be developed. Adapted from the source document.

Emotional labor refers to the process by which workers are expected to manage their feelings in accordance with organizationally defined rules and guidelines. Hochschild's (1983) The Managed Heart introduced this concept and inspired an outpouring of research on this topic. This article reviews theory and research on emotional labor with a particular focus on its contributions to sociological understandings of workers and jobs. The sociological literature on emotional labor can be roughly divided into two major streams of research. These include studies of interactive work and research directly focused on emotions and their management by workers. The first uses emotional labor as a vehicle to understand the organization, structure, and social relations of service jobs, while the second focuses on individuals' efforts to express and regulate emotion and the consequences of those efforts. The concept of emotional labor has motivated a tremendous amount of research, but it has been much less helpful in providing theoretical guidance for or integration of the results generated by these bodies of work.

This article, which introduces this special issue of Politix about Government coalitions, purposes a critical survey of the main studies in this active field of political sciences. In the first part, we show how coalition theory has been developed as (something of) a self-containing field of study since the pioneering works of William Riker. This work, which is marked by the influence of positivism and rational choice paradigm, has influenced most of the later coalition studies. Recently, many stimulating developments have taken into account new variables and refined the analysis in order to analyze coalition governance. In the second part, we argue that, despite this evolution, only a radical shift toward a sociological approach of coalitions enables to improve the knowledge on 'coalition life' and 'coalition governance'. The papers gathered in this Politix issue, based on various field studies, show that this sociological shift opens up new ways for research (subjective experience of coalition, coalitions inclination to autonomy). Adapted from the source document.

▪ Abstract  In keeping with traditional sociological concerns about order and disorder, this essay addresses the dark side of organizations. To build a theoretical basis for the dark side as an integrated field of study, I review four literatures in order to make core ideas of each available to specialists in the others. Using a Simmelian-based case comparison method of analogical theorizing, I first consider sociological constructs that identify both the generic social form and the generic origin of routine nonconformity: how things go wrong in socially organized settings. Then I examine three types of routine nonconformity with adverse outcomes that harm the public: mistake, misconduct, and disaster produced in and by organizations. Searching for analogies and differences, I find that in common, routine nonconformity, mistake, misconduct, and disaster are systematically produced by the interconnection between environment, organizations, cognition, and choice. These patterns amplify what is known about social structure and have implications for theory, research, and policy.

Professional philosophy in the Ukraine originates from the 16th century. The development of philosophical knowledge is closely linked with the successive transition from the ideas of early humanism to idealistic systems, then to the enlightenment, revolutionary democratism, and, finally, to Marxism. At present Ukrainian philosophers work in the main on the study of Lenin's theoretical legacy, objective laws governing the transition of the Soviet society from socialism to communism. Among other topics are theory of knowledge, and logic of scientific investigations, the history of philosophical and sociological thought in the Ukraine, and the methods of concrete sociological investigations. ; Publikacijoje lietuvių skaitytojai supažindinami su šiuolaikinės Ukrainos filosofijos padėtimi. Teigiama, kad filosofijos kadrus daugiausia ruošia Kijevo universiteto Filosofijos fakultetas. Ukrainos Mokslų akademijos Filosofijos institutas atlieka ir koordinuoja mokslinius tyrimus. Ukrainoje giliai nagrinėjamas V. Lenino mokslinis palikimas, jo idėjos nacionaliniu klausimu, tiriamos dialektinio materializmo problemos, tarybinės visuomenės vystymosi iš socializmo į komunizmą dėsningumai. Analizuojamos mokslinio tyrimo logikos problemos, filosofiniai biologijos ir medicinos klausimai, giliai ir kritiškai analizuojama dabartinė idealistinė filosofija.