Suchergebnisse

Aim This survey explored caregivers perceived training needs in 5 European countries (United Kingdom, Greece, Bulgaria, Poland and Italy). Background Training can enhance the professional capacity of caregivers; however, caregivers training needs within Europe have not been examined recently. Methods A survey conducted in 2015 captured data from 550 caregivers using a convenience sampling strategy, through a structured questionnaire and additional open-ended items and by conducting statistical and content analysis. Results The results indicated basic nursing skills and specialization, as well as training in psychology-related skills like time management, emotion regulation, communication and advanced health care systems as the emerging training needs. There were some country differences in specific training need areas. Conclusions It was concluded that training in basic nursing skills and specialization in nursing specific conditions, in advanced health care systems and in psychology-related skills could add to the professional capacity of European caregivers employed in health and social care. Implications for nursing management The findings inform about employed caregivers training needs in Europe, which may contribute in the provision of quality care and organisational efficiency in health and social care. ; Funding Agencies|European CommissionEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre [2014-1-UK01-KA200-000037]

This article looks at the intersection of religion and politics in the evolution of the Sikh tradition in the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods in the Indian subcontinent. The Sikh notion of sovereignty is at the heart of the intersection of religious and secular domains, and this relationship is examined empirically and theoretically. In particular, the conception of mīrī-pīrī is presented as a possible explanation for understanding the &lsquo ; new developments&rsquo ; in contemporary Sikh politics in India.

This article introduces the special issue on populism and technocracy in the integration and governance of the European Union (EU), framing these opposing approaches in the context of polarised debate on the (il)legitimacy of the EU. The special issue was conceived as an interdisciplinary approach to questions of the EU's legitimacy in the aftermath of structural crises (the eurozone, sovereign debt and the election and appointment of governing agents) and spontaneous crises (migration, external state and non-state security challenges, Brexit and Euroscepticism). Since the special issue's conception the unanticipated Covid-19 pandemic, and responses from the EU and its member states (current and former) starkly illuminated debates on how the EU should operate, the limits of its power and the limits of its popular legitimacy. The era of passive consensus has been replaced by claims of legitimacy based on active expert-informed intervention, alongside populist claims of the EU's inherent illegitimacy as an undemocratic technocracy. As such the special issue's objective is to critically analyse manifold ways in which the populist-technocratic divide is narrated and performed in different regions, disciplines, and social and political systems in an era of growing internal and external challenges to the Union. We observe that the EU's institutions remain highly adaptable in responding to challenges, but that member-states have continued and accelerated a tendency to nationalise success and Europeanise failure, with the EU acting as a perennial scapegoat largely due to the ease with which it can be narrated as a site of projection for mistrust, resentment, and social grievances. We argue that the relationship between populism and technocracy is rapidly evolving from an imagined binary into a much more fluid, overlapping, and reversible set of political narratives. We conclude that despite the changing nature of populist-technocratic debates and the resilience and adaptability of the EU, it faces accelerating challenges to its legitimacy in the new era of 'politics of necessity'.

Introduction / Giovanni Moro -- PART ONE Multiple Links between Single Currency and European Citizenship. 1 Building citizenship in the post-modern Era: Dimensions of the other side of the coin / Giovanni Moro ; 2 Imaginary Europe: The euro as a symbol and practice / Kathleen R. McNamara ; 3 The only wealth are human beings: Currency between economy and citizenship / Thierry Vissol ; 4 Trust in the euro: The single currency as social construction of an institutional fact / Matthias Kaelberer ; 5 Forgotten dimensions: The euro in scientific and policy literature / Lucia Mazzuca and Roberto Ranucci -- PART TWO The Single Currency and the Construction of European Identity. 6 The unintended " Litmus Test " : The euro as a factor of center-formation, trust enhancement, and identity building / Daniela Piana ; 7 Two sides of the same coin? The euro and Europeanization of collective identities / Thomas Risse ; 8 Why money can't buy democracy: On the detachment of the euro from EU citizenship / Eva G. Heidbreder ; 9 Representation of identity: Euro and dollar as identity builders / Arianna Montanari -- PART THREE European Citizenship in the Euro Turmoil. 10 In the light and shadow of the Single Currency: European identity and citizenship / Vivien A. Schmidt ; 11 Divided by a common currency: The euro crisis and European citizenship / Cris Shore ; 12 Between the natural and moral order of things: The euro and the problem of agency / Victor Pérez-Diàz ; 13 Between illusion and disillusion: Public opinion facing the euro crisis / Nando Pagnoncelli ; 14 Back to the future? The euro and the EU silent constitution building / Dario Castiglione -- Conclusions: The way forward / Giovanni Moro.

SUMMARY THE PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PATIENTS' RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUCIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND NATIONAL LAW Patients' rights and ensuring their protection is a problem of international level, therefore when implementing these rights in the legislation of the Republic of Lithuania has to be oriented towards principles acknowledged on international level. The purpose of this work is to analyse patients' rights defined by the acts of the European Union and international law and transferrance of the principles of these law acts into national law and implementation of those rights in healthcare institutions. The work has conducted analysis of the major documents of the European Union on ensuring patients' rights. The standart foundation of the European Union's human rights protection are the following sources: The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the constitutions of the countries comprising the European Union and general principles in the area of the protection of human rights. Therefore the constitutions of European countries, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and other acts of the European Union and international law and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice examining cases on defending patients' rights as well have been analysed. The work reveals peculiarities of patients' rights regulations in the acquis communautaire of the European Union. It could be stated that these acts of law do not directly specify patients' rights as separate personal rights. The following patients' rights could generaly be emphasized: right to get service with appropriate level of carefulness, right to safe healthcare, right to access to information and that information will not be disclosed, right to get personal treatment method and other rights. The regulation of all these rights in international law has to be transferred to national law. The most important acts of the Republic of Lithuania (RL), firstly the Constitution of RL, the Civil Code of RL, Patients' Rights and the law of the remuneration of health harm of RL have been analysed in this aspect in this work. The problems of implementing patients' rights in Lithuania have also been revealed in this work. It shows that patients are displeased with lack of doctors' attention, do not trust a doctor treating them, get little information about the development of an illness, their time is not respected and their right to choose a doctor although stated in the law is not implemented in practice. Right to confidentiality is regulated according to the Civil Code of RL, but patients think that in practice confidential information is not secured enough. Having analysed acts of law of RL and practice of the courts of RL it has been established that for example, right to appeal is implemented only partly, because almost half patients do not know where to appeal when they are not satisfied with service. Implemetation of right to compensation (remuneration of harm) is especially relevant, so this problem has been treated quite in detail. The work has analysed effectiveness of how patiens unite into public organisations and the most important aspects of this process have been emphasized. General conclusions have been formulated drawing on the done analysis and suggestion offerred about regulation of patients' rights and perfection of its implementation in Lithuania. Keywords: patient, healthcare institution, patients' rights, law acts, civil responsibility.

SUMMARY THE PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PATIENTS' RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUCIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND NATIONAL LAW Patients' rights and ensuring their protection is a problem of international level, therefore when implementing these rights in the legislation of the Republic of Lithuania has to be oriented towards principles acknowledged on international level. The purpose of this work is to analyse patients' rights defined by the acts of the European Union and international law and transferrance of the principles of these law acts into national law and implementation of those rights in healthcare institutions. The work has conducted analysis of the major documents of the European Union on ensuring patients' rights. The standart foundation of the European Union's human rights protection are the following sources: The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the constitutions of the countries comprising the European Union and general principles in the area of the protection of human rights. Therefore the constitutions of European countries, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and other acts of the European Union and international law and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice examining cases on defending patients' rights as well have been analysed. The work reveals peculiarities of patients' rights regulations in the acquis communautaire of the European Union. It could be stated that these acts of law do not directly specify patients' rights as separate personal rights. The following patients' rights could generaly be emphasized: right to get service with appropriate level of carefulness, right to safe healthcare, right to access to information and that information will not be disclosed, right to get personal treatment method and other rights. The regulation of all these rights in international law has to be transferred to national law. The most important acts of the Republic of Lithuania (RL), firstly the Constitution of RL, the Civil Code of RL, Patients' Rights and the law of the remuneration of health harm of RL have been analysed in this aspect in this work. The problems of implementing patients' rights in Lithuania have also been revealed in this work. It shows that patients are displeased with lack of doctors' attention, do not trust a doctor treating them, get little information about the development of an illness, their time is not respected and their right to choose a doctor although stated in the law is not implemented in practice. Right to confidentiality is regulated according to the Civil Code of RL, but patients think that in practice confidential information is not secured enough. Having analysed acts of law of RL and practice of the courts of RL it has been established that for example, right to appeal is implemented only partly, because almost half patients do not know where to appeal when they are not satisfied with service. Implemetation of right to compensation (remuneration of harm) is especially relevant, so this problem has been treated quite in detail. The work has analysed effectiveness of how patiens unite into public organisations and the most important aspects of this process have been emphasized. General conclusions have been formulated drawing on the done analysis and suggestion offerred about regulation of patients' rights and perfection of its implementation in Lithuania. Keywords: patient, healthcare institution, patients' rights, law acts, civil responsibility.

This article examines how states may be inclined to adapt to the policy goals of powerful economic partner states in acts of 'anticipatory conformity' or by adjusting their 'common' policy goals. It builds on two classical theoretical bases—the concept of economic statecraft and Hirschmanesque effects—to explore how economic power may be translated into far-reaching effects on other states' behaviour without a clear goal or objective being proclaimed or even set by the economically powerful state. Our empirical findings suggest that the European Union still has an unparalleled influence on member states, and China's growing economic presence in Europe alone—especially in the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative—is insufficient to influence member states' politics.

Altres ajuts: SES-9986190 ; Altres ajuts: SES-0316493 ; We study indirect democracy in which countries, states, or districts each elect a representative who later votes at a union level on their behalf. We show that the voting rule that maximizes the total expected utility of all agents in the union involves assigning a weight to each district's vote and then sticking with the status quo unless at least a threshold of weighted votes is cast for change. We analyze how the weights relate to the population size of a country and the correlation structure of agents' preferences, and then we compare the voting weights in the Council of the European Union under the Nice Treaty and the recently proposed Constitution.

Este artículo analiza la política europea desarrollada por el Gobierno de José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero desde su elección en marzo de 2004 hasta mediados de 2007. A lo largo de estos tres años, muy marcados por la crisis constitucional de la Unión Europea, el Gobierno del PSOE ha buscado definir una agenda y unas alianzas propias y diferenciadas del anterior Gobierno del PP. En primer lugar, la nueva política europea se ha caracterizado por el mantenimiento del pragmatismo, la normalización del disenso y la búsqueda de la recuperación de las alianzas con Francia y Alemania. En segundo lugar, el Gobierno ha tenido que adaptar el sí español al Tratado Constitucional de la UE, aprobado por referéndum, al nuevo contexto de una Unión ampliada en el que se ha negociado el todavía difuso Tratado de Reforma de la UE. Y, finalmente, España también ha influido en aquellos ámbitos en los cuales la Unión más ha avanzado recientemente (política migratoria, energética y de defensa).