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This paper uses household-level survey data from a 1989 Harris poll conducted in 12 developing and three developed countries to examine the empirical relationship between the support for paying higher taxes for environmental protection and per capita national income. Results from ordered probit estimation suggest that as per capita real gross domestic product rises, controlling for other household characteristics, the strength of the support for somewhat higher taxes for environmental protection is falling for low-income countries and rising for high-income countries. The evidence also suggests that environmental protection may be important to people in developing countries during the process of economic growth. The high level of support for environmental protection found among the lower-income African countries included in this study is one result that warrants additional research. Higher economic growth rates are also found to be associated with greater support for environmental protection.

Debt problems of the 20 most heavily indebted less developed countries. Partial contents: Changing structure of Fourth World debt; Debt and resource transfers; Debt renegotiation: the Fourth World and the IMF; South-South relations.

Calling upon both positive and normative economics, we attempt to characterise the issues at stake in the current international negotiations on climatic change. We begin (Section 2) by reviewing the main features of the Protocol. Then (Section 3), we identify by means of an elementary economic model the main concepts involved: optimality, non co-operation, coalitional stability. We observe (Section 4) that "business-as-usual", "no regrets" and other domestic policies are alternative ways to conceive of the non co-operative equilibrium prevailing before the negotiations. Which one should be retained? Data suggest that the prevailing situation is a mixed one, exhibiting characteristics of several of these policies. We then turn (Section 5) to interpreting the Protocol. While there is no firm basis to assert that the emission quotas chosen at Kyoto correspond to optimal emissions (although they are a step in the right direction), economic and game theoretical arguments are put forward to support the view that for achieving these emission quotas, trading ensures efficiency, as well as coalitional stability for the agreement provided it is adopted at the largest scale i.e. worldwide. Finally, it is argued in Section 6 that beyond the Kyoto Protocol, the achievement of coalitionally stable optimality at the world level is a real possibility with trading, provided agreement can be reached in the future as to appropriate reference emission levels, in particular as far as developing countries are concerned.

Das Lehrbuch stellt das internationale Umweltrecht in seiner ganzen Breite und Aktualität dar. Es handelt sich um die einzige aktuelle und ausführliche Darstellung der Materie, die im Zeitalter des Klimawandels immer bedeutsamer wird, in deutscher Sprache. Die ersten Abschnitte behandeln bereichsübergreifend relevante Fragestellungen, die dieBezüge zum allgemeinen Völkerrecht herstellen. Die folgenden Abschnitte analysieren sodann den Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der einzelnen Umweltmedien. Das Autorenteam vereint die deutschlandweit führenden Expertinnen und Experten auf dem Gebiet des internationalen Umweltrechts. Das Lehrbuch richtet sich an Studierende der Rechts- und Politikwissenschaften ebenso wie an PraktikerInnen, die in Umweltbehörden und Organisationen tätig sind

There has been little research conducted on economic beliefs among Uyghurs in Xinjiang, although they are part of the reason Uyghurs have developed feelings of relative deprivation and unfairness. Do most Uyghurs support economic individualism, which holds that the poor are responsible for their misfortunes, economic inequality is good, and the government should not interfere in the economy? Or do they endorse economic communitarianism, which holds that the government shall provide for the poor and reduce inequality via intervention? Are there some people in the Uyghur community who are more economically communitarian than others? Are Uyghur economic beliefs related to the usual socio-demographic measures such as age, sex, education, occupational attainment and income? Is there a religious influence on Uyghur economic attitudes? If not, how can Uyghur economic preferences be accounted for? This paper addresses these questions using data from a survey conducted in Ürümchi in 2007. It shows that the vast majority of Uyghurs endorse economic communitarianism. In addition to Islamic orthodoxy, Uyghur consciousness is related to this endorsement. However, Uyghur socioeconomic status is not correlated with their economic preferences. This is partly because Uyghur-Han inequality affects Uyghur attitudes more than intra-group differentiation in social status among Uyghurs. (Pac Aff/GIGA)

Der Verfasser beginnt seine Darstellung mit einer Übersicht über Geschichte, Größe und Struktur der insgesamt 16 Internationalen Berufssekretariate (IBS). Abgerundet wird dieser Überblick durch eine Beschreibung der Ideologie/Programmatik und der Tätigkeitsfelder der IBS. Schliesslich werden in 16 knappen Beschreibungen Geschichte, Struktur/Größe und Tätigkeit der einzelnen Berufssekretariate aufgezeigt. Ergänzt wird jede Einzeldarstellung durch Hinweise auf Publikationen und die Anschrift der Organisation. Abgeschlossen wird der Gesamtartikel ebenfalls durch Literaturhinweise über IBS im allgemeinen oder über mehr als eine IBS. (KS)