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This article reviews Daniel Patrick Moynihan's views on employment and young black men in his 1965 report. The author then updates the evidence on their employment status and reviews the causes and policy implications of these trends. Moynihan was extremely insightful and even prescient in arguing that the employment situation of young black men was a 'crisis . . . that would only grow worse.' He understood that these trends involve both limits on labor market opportunities that these young men face as well as skill deficits of and behavioral responses by the young men themselves. Policies that deal with a wide range of disadvantages and behaviors are needed to reverse these trends. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

Draws on personal experience as a juror on the case, various official documents, & conversations with the defendant & defense attorney to tell a complicated, messy, & ambiguous story about a homicide trial & its meaning with regard to marginalization, social isolation, & indifference in US cities. Biographical details on the defendant & victim known as "Shorty" is provided, & the Philadelphia, PA, area in which the homicide occurred is described as mostly African American & low income. The homicide -- over five dollars -- is then recounted. The defendant was acquitted, but the trial raised several haunting questions for the author who expresses a long-standing disconnect from the concrete urban realities he has tried to understand. Attention is then given to the author's efforts to construct meaning from the trial. Adapted from the source document.

In this article, the author argues that because one of the most important constituents of common identity is emotional unification against a perceived external threat, the European identity should be grounded in such a perception. This study analyzes three potential threats to European unity: the inclusion of Turkey, the relationship between certain member states and the US, and Russian interference in EU affairs. The article explores the relationship between Belgian, Germans, Polish, and Lithuanian elites and the development of perceptions of external threats. Based on survey data from spring 2007, the article concludes that social constructivism is a useful means of interpretation for European studies, and that the concept of the European identity differs distinctly between the elites of the four nations studied. W. A. Butler

Contemplates the notion of the existence of "the good society." A dialogue between the author & a philosopher leads to the idea that there might very well be multiple good societies, ie, many agents pursuing various sorts of goodness. This poses some questions, suggesting that a pluralist view essentially means dropping the definite article "the"; giving up on the singular goal; & pinning hopes on a series of lesser, more local, & particularized societies. In this light, four kinds of such societies are considered: movements, associations, communities, & the liberal state. Given that the one experiment with a single imposed version of a so-called good society -- communism -- failed, a call is made to pursue to pluralist version, which is seen as a difficult & radical endeavor. Adapted from the source document.

The economic "Great Recession" of 2008/09 has seen skyrocketing unemployment, a lowering of the standard of living, & a near-collapse of the financial industry. This recession was brought about by unrestrained capitalism, and, according to the author, could spell the end of the neoliberal economic model, which has been dominant in global economics since the presidency of Ronald Reagan. In order to cripple the market-fundamentalist right wing in American politics, the left will have to come up with an economic model that is dynamic & sensitive to the market, all the while balancing the needs between labor & business. As the Great Depression of the 1930s showed, & the current recession is showing, market fundamentalism is unstable, & is incompatible with equality or social peace. Adapted from the source document.

Hans Herbert von Arnim is a phenomenon. No other jurist possesses the notoriety of this man who celebrated his 70th birthday on 16 November 2009. His publicly effective criticism on parties is fierce & severe. In the media he proclaims provocations in a friendly manner. This article appraises his newest work "People's Parties without People" that has been published on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Constitution & the 20th anniversary of the peaceful revolution in the GDR. Arnim's main concerns are the deficits in elections & election laws. He dramatizes & often paints reality black. He compares reality with an ideal without examining whether the theory can effectively be implemented. The author concludes that this book is one of the weaker books by Arnim. Adapted from the source document.

Ésta es una historia de la Filosofía del Derecho española de entre las varias posibles, que se caracteriza por vincular el desarrollo de la filosofía jurídica al desarrollo político del país, por señalar quiénes fueron —a juicio del autor— los motores de la especulación iusfilosófica durante el pasado siglo y por plantear y tratar de dar respuesta a los enigmas de esta historia. ; This one is a history of the Spanish philosophy of Law among several possible others. It is characterized for linking the development of legal philosophy to the political development of the country, for indicating those who were —in the opinion of the author— the engines of the philosophy of Law during the last century, and for considering and trying to unravel the cruxes of this history.

This article explores some of the explicatory perspectives of the manner in which the different political parties of the State of Mexico are based and developed. The present proposal has to do with the idea of Angelo Panebianco, of the original model, who observes that the organizing structures and strategies of action by the political parties and their further development are determined by their process of foundation. In this sense, the author analyzes the types of leadership and ideology that characterize the political parties of PAN, PRI, PRD, PVEM, PT and Convergencia, that in the contemporary phase of the political life in the state of Mexico, dispute and distribute the public offices of election: governor, 75 local congressmen, and 125 city councils. Adapted from the source document.

Peer reviewed ; [EN] The author believes that the study of later Greek is neglected at least when compared with later Latin. He analyzes the influx of biblical Greek for t11e constitution o£ the Greek of the Cluistians8 and also the repercussion on it of the History of Christianism in its relations with pagan culture. . Re believes that methodologically, it is right to study Greek as a whole but it is justified to say Greek of the Christians because of the judeo-bilical component absent from other later Greek group-languages. This «Greek of the Christians is formed in different steps and it cannot be found in al1 authors, hut it is mostly found in popular literary genres which escape from the atticist wave and from the uniformity of literary koine.

The article examines the question of how the second senate deals with the guidelines of the constitutional law: if & how far the senate fulfills the entrusted task of authoritative judicial guardian of the constitution. The Lisbon ruling leaves the observer with two paradoxes: 1) from the perspective of the constitutional law, the European Union has the option between being constitutional but democratically lacking (the present condition) or to be democratically correct but against the constitutional law. 2) The court's performative contradiction where the intent is to protect the constitutional law but the use of arguments & theorems show an irresponsible handling of the Constitution. The author concludes that the court's numerous declarations on fundamental integration limits may therefore be discredited. E. Sanchez