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Dedicated tobacco control partners and a comprehensive program contributed to Hawaii's tobacco control program experiencing several successes, including the adoption of clean indoor air ordinances in all of the counties and a high cigarette excise tax. State budget shortfalls and prioritization of other issues in the Legislature have been a challenge for the program, but with the leadership of the State Department of Health Tobacco Prevention and Education Program (DOH TPEP) and a coordinated effort among partners, Hawaii's program will continue to grow and thrive. help finance construction of the new medical school was hurtful to the program. Partners identified the following strengths and challenges of Hawaii's tobacco control program: • The dedication of the professionals working in tobacco control was viewed as a major strength of the program. Some partners also specifically mentioned the DOH TPEP staff as being highly committed. • The ability to sustain the tobacco control program funding was viewed as a challenge due to the state's difficult economic situation. • Partners also felt that there was a need for more coordination and infrastructure. Some felt that there was no designated coordinating agency to oversee the entire program.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the field of political psychology; like the social sciences more generally, is being challenged. New theoretical direction is being demanded from within and a greater epistemological sophistication and ethical relevance is being demanded from without. In response, direction for a reconstructed political psychology is offered here. To begin, a theoretical framework for a truly integrative political psychology is sketched. This is done in light of the apparent limits of cross-disciplinary or multidisciplinary inquiry. In the attempt to transcend these limits, the theoretical approach offered directly addresses the dually structured quality of social life as the singular product of both organizing social structures and defining discourse communities on the one hand and motivated, thinking individuals on the other. To further this theoretical effort, meta-theoretical considerations are addressed. The modernist-postmodernist debate regarding the status of truth and value is used as a point of departure for constructing the epistemological foundation for a truly political psychology. In this light, structural pragmatic guidelines for theory construction, empirical research and normative inquiry are presented.

Cette thèse a reçu le soutien de l'Action Concertée Incitative Ville du Ministère de la Recherche sous la forme d'une allocation de recherche. Destiné à promouvoir une recherche pluridisciplinaire, ce programme vise à renouveler l'approche scientifique des grandes questions et à ouvrir des perspectives aux différents acteurs urbains, afin de mieux comprendre les enjeux urbains contemporains, les transformations en cours et d'anticiper les évolutions futures. Concernant notre travail de recherche, les attentes de ce programme apparaissent multiples : - l'évolution de la médiatisation du problème, sa genèse et sa construction sociale, - la manière dont le problème est traité actuellement, - les connaissances et les comportements de la population, face ou avec cette médiatisation, - les évolutions possibles des uns et des autres. Nous nous trouvons donc dans le cas d'une recherche dite finalisée avec des objectifs en tension : - fournir des éléments concrets permettant d'orienter la politique de communication, avec la question des liens entre l'information sur la pollution et le passage à l'action ; - contribuer au domaine des sciences de l'information et de la communication et plus particulièrement à la communication des sciences et à l'éducation à la santé.

Argues that the recurring crises that have afflicted Northern Ireland's peace process are primarily the result of the diminished sense of human agency underlying the construction of institutional procedures/processes. Emphasis is placed on the need to look beyond the causes of each crisis to highlight unresolved conflicts in Northern Irish politics. It is maintained that the Good Friday Agreement simply provides a framework for containing disagreement without violence. A discussion of the concepts of structure & agency is followed by a look at the many ways a diminished human agency is evident in contemporary Northern Ireland. The "elite-led, top-down" character of the peace process & the relational nature of structure & agency are described. It is noted that diminished human agency has created weak structures within the peace process that in turn further diminish human agency. The exclusion of ordinary people from the peace process is said to be both one of its strengths & one of its weaknesses. Problems for conflict management resulting from diminished human agency are considered. 59 References. J. Lindroth

An examination of the reform of Russia's civil service in the post-communist era notes that changes immediately following the collapse of the Soviet Union were the result of broader developments rather than purposeful reform. There was neither a purge of civil servants whose loyalties were suspect nor any attempt at retraining. Thousands of civil servants resigned in the early 1990s to seek more lucrative employment in the private sector. Characteristics of the reconfigured bureaucracy are described, along with the failure of attempts to reform state service in the mid-1990s; Boris Yeltsin's creation of a Commission on State Construction; blockage of the Commission's ambitious Civil Service Code; & the current round of reform launched by Vladimir Putin. Obstacles to significant reform include disagreements related to the degree of unity in the civil service; vertical integration of the bureaucracy; the training/retraining of civil servants; & wages/benefit. Structural impediments to reform are discussed. It is emphasized that competing plans for a new civilian bureaucracy are currently being considered & the final outcome remains unknown. 3 Tables. J. Lindroth

The positive roles that political parties might play in development have recently been downplayed in favour of accounts of the virtues of civil society and participatory development. This article challenges some assumptions inherent in this shift in emphasis. It considers how political society has mediated the agency of the rural poor in three locales in eastern India in respect of the national demand-driven Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS). In Debra block (Midnapore, West Bengal), where the scheme worked best in terms of employment creation and participation, the dominant political party, in collusion with lower-level government officials, subdued popular demand in anticipation of limitedstate capacity. In Old Malda block (Malda district, West Bengal), rent-seeking councillors withheld information about the EAS from the poor. In Bidupur block (Vaishali district, Bihar) a key politician ensuredthat the EAS was converted into a scheme for the production of durable assets that mostly benefited the non-poor. These findings suggest that participatory development in a country like India, where civil society is poorly developed, needs to be considered in relation to particular constructions of political society and the local "everyday" state.(Original abstract)

This paper provides a statistical evaluation of the methodology of the NSF funded Six Cities Project. The project develops a methodology for surveying densely inhabited areas by processing diachronic remote sensing imagery to create habitation strata or urban classes. These classes become part of a sampling strategy which gives every pixel associated with habitation a specified chance of selection and then draws a representative sample of pixels. These pixels become center points for household surveys which can study a variety of issues including health, environment, livelihood strategies, demographics and household labor, expenditures and income. The methodology lends itself to GIS construction and the generation of data that can be easily compared and can be of maximal use to municipalities, governments, scholars and NGOs. It also provides a long term basis for inexpensive surveys that can have a high claim to reliability and representativity.Key words: remote sensing, urbanism, survey methodology, National Science Foundation, health, environment, livelihood strategies, demographic, household labor, expenditures, income, Africa, Middle East, Morocco, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Tanzania, Botswana, Marrakech, Dakar, Bamako, Niamey, Dodoma, Gaborone.

Globalization of economic relationships has resulted in an increasing role for action below the national level on the international stage, an indication that national sovereignty & international law are changing to a complex & multileveled order. Debate exists as to the scope & measurability of changes in international relations, but the rights of these participants to act are not generally addressed. Understanding of the juristic themes affecting the distribution of foreign jurisdiction in the German government may benefit these discussions. This article explores the constitutional basis, beginning before the establishment of the First Reich, that has allowed Germany to alter its constitution as late as 1992 to provide provinces with greater rights for generating agreements with bordering neighbors, thereby strengthening their status with respect to international law. The construction of the foreign jurisdiction of Germany & its provinces reflects a balance between the counterpoints of unity & federalism. The complex & comparatively flexible order of foreign jurisdiction in early-modern Germany seems to be a model for a future heterogeneous international system in which the sovereign state has lost its central role, & different national, subnational, & extranational participants take over certain public functions. L. Kehl