Suchergebnisse

The ANR/DFG cooperation project called "FLARS – Effects of the national border on the linguistic situation in the Upper Rhine area", between the University of Freiburg and the University of Strasbourg, examined the emergence and the nature of a linguistic border between France and Germany in the Alemannic-speaking regions Alsace and Baden, and its interdependence with the political border. The project data were collected through interviews conducted in 40 localities alongside the political border. The questions focused on what informants think and say about languages and about their use of them; about the current state of the dialects, the way they are spoken, their usefulness, their importance; and also on what they think and say about the way the inhabitants of the other side of the Rhine speak, what may make it different, and their position regarding that. A first analysis shows that most of the French and German informants think that both sides of the Rhine do not differ much linguistically, but that this proximity is not a sufficient condition for evoking a "transnational language", as other aspects of their lives, lifestyles and identities are considered as different. This article will focus on the discourse produced by dialect speakers about the Rhine as a border and about common or different linguistic and cultural features with their neighbours.

Abstract The paper aims to explore the phenomenon of the spread in democracy of new powers – produced by inexhaustible technological developments – from the perspective of the philosophy of Institutions. It traces the original idea of democracy, in which the «government of the people» arises from the conversion of natural liberty into social and political liberty, dwells on the political and juridical meaning of authority, analyses the traditional instruments used to condition human opinions and behaviours, and reconstructs – in light of this itinerary – the functioning and new grammar of the digital order. What opens before us is a fluid and disorganized scenario, dominated by digital systems, algorithms and artificial intelligence, that draws the attention of philosophers and sociologists, jurists and scholars of language and of anthropology. The old single order, outlined by the political and juridical machine of the modern State – which, through an aloof and solemn language, aimed to impart regularity to human behaviour and to give society direction – is replaced by multifarious models of order, each of which is generated by its own logic, practices, and autonomous control techniques. Under the omnipotence of technology, concepts such as authority, liberty, truth and power undergo a vortex of semantic transformations that penetrate a new symbolic space into human reasoning and actions.

The present article deals with an increasing number of words which have recently appeared in the English language due to the drastic changes in social, political, economic realms as well as science and technology. Constant technological and scientific progress as surely as active development of cultural, spiritual and everyday spheres of life may be a powerful stimulus for the continual enrichment of English lexicon. The English language is monthly enriched by new lexical units which are introduced into official dictionaries and thesauri in order to extend its vocabulary. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide comprehensive linguistic research of innovative food-related lexical units, collocations, expressions and notions as well as to observe productive word-building patterns used for coining new words. Firstly, we examine fundamental works on the subject of neology, neologisms and their word-formation types as a linguistic phenomenon. Secondly, the focus of attention is on structure and semantics of food-related coinages which have recently come into use. Moreover, we concentrate on blending as the most frequently occurring word-formation type used to create neologisms in the sphere of gastronomy and related domains. In addition, various types of lexical blends are discussed as well as their high degree of productivity. Finally, we make conclusions and suggestions for further linguistic investigations.

The article focusses on the analysis of the new lexical items which have as their motivation base the name of the presidential candidate who later became the newly elected sixth President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy. In particular, the peculiarity of semantics and connotative potential of these words have been revealed. Linguistic properties of these new lexical items have been characterized as well as semantic relationships between them have been identified. Different intra-and extralingual factors have been proved to influence the formation of the words from both proper nouns and common nouns. The former factors reflect the ontology of the language as a system together with the nominative and expressive nature of the language, while the latter factors represent the political existence of the state with all its versatile aspects. ; У статті проаналізовано лексичні новотвори, мотивувальною базою яких є прізвище кандидата на пост Президента України і вже новообраного – шостого – Гаранта Конституції України Володимира Зеленського. З'ясовано, зокрема, специфіку семантики, конотативний потенціал цього розряду слів. Схарактеризовано також мовні особливості новотворів, установлено значеннєві зв'язки між ними. Доведено, що на процес формування лексем онімного й неонімного походження впливають різноманітні інтра- й екстралінгвальні чинники. Перші віддзеркалюють саму системність мови і її номінативну та експресивну природу, другі – політичне буття держави в усьому його багатогранні.

This study aims to find out which gender has the greatest participation in the Facebook pages of the 5 main Spanish political parties: Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE), Partido Popular (PP), Ciudadanos, Unidos Podemos and Vox and whether gender-based behavior differs with regards to face flattering acts (FFA) and face threatening acts (FTA). For this reason, a metric analysis of the electoral campaign of the general elections of the year 2019 has been prepared and a corpus of 2500 comments has been collected during the last day, on 26th of April. ; VITA - Isabel García Martínez, Facultat de Filología, Traducció i Comunicació, Universitat de València Degree in Translation and Interpreting (Universidad de Málaga, 2009), Master in Secondary Education Teacher Training (Universidad de Cantabria) and Official Master in Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language (CIESE Comillas-UC). She is an associate professor at the Universidad Europea del Atlántico and teaches Spanish language and Hispanic culture at UIMP (Santander) and at CIESE-Comillas. He has participated in the Corpes XXI project of the RAE and in the PRESEEA Santander project, as well as in the teaching innovation project of learning styles and teaching styles of CIESE-Comillas. He is currently pursuing a doctoral program in Advanced Hispanic Studies at the University of Valencia with a thesis on the analysis of social media discourse.

Abstract
Advances in information technology and the needs of globalization made English the lingua franca (EFL) of the Web
1.0. Later, multi-modes of computer-mediated communication in the Web 2.0 fostered hybrid English as a new EFL by combing English
with other languages. Moving into the Web 3.0 for information mining and knowledge acquisition without a language barrier, the author
proposes 'Webbish', a controlled form of English, to write web texts for the purpose of gisting through the production of
multilingual machine translation (MT) outputs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of 'Webbish', an empirical survey was conducted to
measure the comprehensibility of the MT of 'Webbish' texts based on a 1–100 grading scale. An average score of 89.9 was earned
from twenty-four international participants, showing a high degree of MT comprehensibility. Meanwhile, set within the framework of
postmodernism, 'Webbish' writing takes on postmodernist significance of non-fixed norms, dynamic meanings and an equal right of
comprehensible Web information access for global non-English audiences. Its linguistic features are suited to MT application and
its fluid meanings are produced due to the MT system's rendition and different target audiences' different interpretations.
'Webbish' writing suggests acceptance, inclusiveness and equality. It is also an easy way to influence and improve global
communication.

ABSTRACTThis ethnographic article complicates the common wisdom that the American Jewish elite cares "obsessively" about its constituents' numbers. The article shows the ways in which population numbers matter to American Jewish leaders but also how they matter differently to various sectors of the community. Alongside those who are eager speakers of the language of quantification, there are those who feel unease with what, they feel, creates a reductive and irrelevant conversation about Jewish life in the United States. The article argues that by using the language of numbers and debating affectively over its value, American Jews debate who they are as a collective and struggle to define what counts for the future of the community as a highly diverse, shifting, and assimilating minority group. Building on the metaphor of "accounting of the soul"—one prevalent in religious and public discourses calling to Jews to look at their inner‐soul workings—the article suggests that numbers serve as an effective and affective proxy for divergent communal calculations and reflections. American Jewry presents a compelling case study with which to think through the affective attitudes toward quantification, the cultural value of numbers, and the polyvalent work that they do for collectives. [quantification, numbers, statistics, demography, affect, American Jewry]

AbstractThe recognition of iconic correspondence between signal and referent has been argued to bootstrap the acquisition and emergence of language. Here, we study the ontogeny, and to some extent the phylogeny, of the ability to spontaneously relate iconic signals, gestures, and/or vocalizations, to previous experience. Children at 18, 24, and 36 months of age (N = 216) and great apes (N = 13) interacted with two apparatuses, each comprising a distinct action and sound. Subsequently, an experimenter mimicked either the action, the sound, or both in combination to refer to one of the apparatuses. Experiments 1 and 2 found no spontaneous comprehension in great apes and in 18‐month‐old children. At 24 months of age, children were successful with a composite vocalization‐gesture signal but not with either vocalization or gesture alone. At 36 months, children succeeded both with a composite vocalization‐gesture signal and with gesture alone, but not with vocalization alone. In general, gestures were understood better compared to vocalizations. Experiment 4 showed that gestures were understood irrespective of how children learned about the corresponding action (through observation or self‐experience). This pattern of results demonstrates that iconic signals can be a powerful way to establish reference in the absence of language, but they are not trivial for children to comprehend and not all iconic signals are created equal.

The language of urban fullness and finitude has long had an active life in British politics and popular culture. After 1945, however, ideas of the finite, overspilling British city, teeming with inert masses of working‐class people, drove the development of paternalistic state urban reconstruction and new town programmes. More infamously, post‐war immigration anxieties often used a sinister metaphorical language of flooding and drowning to describe the arrival of people from Commonwealth countries as catastrophic. Despite this shared conceptualisation of British landscapes as finite, embattled, inert spaces, the interrelationships between these ideas of "human floods" have largely been treated separately by historians. This article proposes that these histories can be traced in terms of their shared cultural logic of landscape finitude and capacity, as part of a post‐imperial reimagining of heritage and national identity. Through reading representations of post‐war immigration and urban overcrowding together, a wider preservationist political logic can be seen entrenching and defending ideas of urban and national finitude against a range of post‐imperial ideological and demographic change. Through tracing symbolic representations of borders and population fullness, this paper gestures towards a more integrated history of post‐imperial landscape politics and their role in shaping policies and practices of exclusion in post‐war Britain.

Valid measurement of meaning in life (MIL) is crucial for cross-cultural understanding of the construct. The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), a widely used measure of MIL, has yet to be translated into any indigenous African language. The current study presents a preliminary report of a Hausa language translation of the MLQ, the MLQ-Hausa version (MLQ-H), and its reliability and validity in a Nigerian sample. Participants were 809 internally displaced persons (IDPs) (50.7% males) in Kabusa IDP Centre in Abuja Municipal Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. They completed Hausa versions of the MLQ, the Brief Personal Meaning Profile (PMP-B), and scales of the Symptoms Distress Checklist (SCL-90). Results of a confirmatory factor analysis supported the original two-factor model of the MLQ comprising presence of meaning (5 items) and search for meaning (5 items). The two factors had adequate reliability. Responses to the MLQ-H did not differ by sociodemographic factors. Concurrent validity of MLQ-H was suggested by significant correlations between MLQ-H and psychopathology symptom scales. Importantly, we found convergent validity through positive correlations of MLQ-H with the PMP-B. Results indicate that the MLQ-H is a psychometrically sound measure of MIL among Hausa IDPs and may be applied in research on meaning in life among other Hausa-speaking populations.

The subject of the study are the features of the Russian-speaking
community of the State of Israel. The author examines such aspects of the topic
as: the nature of the community ties that are formed among the Russian-speaking
Israelis and the status of the Russian language in Israel. An attention is also
paid to the factors that contributed to the formation of a unique identity of
the representatives of the «Russian Israel», to the main stages of the evolution of the Russian-speaking community
in the political life of Israel and to the formation of the Russian media
space. The Russian-speaking community is rightfully regarded as a long-term
phenomenon, which is currently an important player in the political arena of
the country. The novelty of the study is the implementation of a comprehensive
analysis of the phenomenon of the «Russian Israel» on the basis of original sources. The main conclusion of the study:
the territorial localization, the preservation of the cultural environment of
the country of origin, the special status of the Russian language in Israel and
its place in the media space, the maintenance of the community symbols of
different nature, the program of socio-political development became the factors
of the unification of the Russian-speaking community of Israel.

In December 2017, the Court of Justice of the European Union delivered its awaited decision on the Taricco II case, responding to a preliminary reference from the Italian Corte Costituzionale. The latter, unhappy with the outcome of the earlier Taricco I decision, asked for a re-interpretation of Article 325 TFEU and threatened the Court of Justice with the possible activation of its controlimiti doctrine. The CJEU partially 'corrected' its previous ruling and prevented an open conflict between EU law and Italian constitutional law. This case note discusses the saga and its three episodes against the background of the growing constitutional conversation between top European courts. It argues that Taricco is a positive episode of judicial dialogue and may further contribute to its consolidation: on one hand, constitutional courts are increasingly willing to 'play the game' and refer to the CJEU under Article 267 TFEU; on the other, the Court of Justice seems more reactive than in the past to constitutional courts' claims and now considers them with increasing attention and detail. Finally, the case note reflects on the partially diverging languages for constitutional dialogue: national courts use the language of constitutional identity, while the CJEU prefers to refer to the 'common constitutional principles of the EU'.

AbstractThis article reports book evaluation in the textbook entitleds 'English Skills for the Future' designed for the tenth grade students of senior high school. The main objective of the research are to: (1) discover whether English Skills for the Future is relevant to the English language and literature syllabus of Curriculum 2013, (2) find out whether English Skills for the Future develops the scientific approach, (3) determine whether English Skills for the Future develops authentic assessment and (4) discover whther English Skills for the Future meets the characteristics of good English textbook. The data of this study is document analysis and observation. The data were collected by using document analysis. The technique analyzing data on the textbook involves data collection, data reduction, data display and drawing conclusion as proposed by Miles and Huberman (1992, p.16). The result confirmed that ES book had met 71% criteria of good book with coverage 63% for relevance of the materials to the curriculum, 75% for material accuracy, 73% for supporting learning materials, 76% for language appropriateness, 81% for presentation technique, 71% for teaching and learning technique, 100% for presentation coverage and 71% evaluation standard of 2013 curriculum. ES book was relevant to the 2013 Curriculum due to the presentational activities and activities for character building.

This article focuses on the coverage of the ʿUrabi rebellion of 1881–82 in the Istanbul-based Persian-language newspaper Akhtar. Akhtar was the first periodical to be published in Persian outside the auspices of the Qajar state, and first appeared on 13 January 1876, from the press owned by Mohammad Tāher Tabrizi in the Valide Han in the Ottoman capital. The objective of the present article is twofold. First, it aims to interweave the history of the Persian-language publication Akhtar with broader questions of how the Hamidian state strove to situate itself within a changing international order in a bid to affirm its legitimacy and sovereignty. It then proceeds to examine the ideological leanings of Akhtar set against the complex background of censorship laws implemented by the Hamidian state (1876–1908). To this end, by scrutinizing the reportage of this one specific event—the Egyptian crisis of 1881–82—it attempts to shed light on how the editors of Akhtar successfully maintained the delicate equilibrium of appeasing both its patrons: namely, the Hamidian state and its readership across the region where Persian was spoken. Thus, the article seeks also to highlight the ways in which inter-imperial dynamics lie at the heart of the history of this "Persian" publication.

The reason for writing this article I realize that the students of economics have difficulty in giving an answer to elementary economic issues and indeed complicate it. However, it would be helpful for them to form an understanding of the economic ideas in terms of which school of thought they are belong to. The main problem that creates complexity at this point seems to be that they do not know (or ignore) that the information they gather reflects different economic views or that the analysis tools they use together belong to different schools of economics. This situation, which makes it difficult to make economic inferences, can be facilitated by listening the economists when explaining their own ideas. Therefore, the aim of this study is not to discuss the economic problems of Turkey, but rather to try to reflect the views of certain fundamental aspects of the economic thinkers as clear and compact as possible. The selected thinkers are prefered according to their recognition as representative for their school of economic thought. Althougt, the method of this study is hermeneutic, language analysis is not its main purpose. In this study, it will be tried to interpret and adhere only economic theories or economic discourse, even if the language analysis and the meanings behind it are also common features of hermeneutic method.