Suchergebnisse

"This book engages the complex relationship between technology and youth culture, while outlining the details of various online social activities"--Provided by publisher

Abstract. In this study, the evaluation of the 9th European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences held on 3-6 February 2016 in Paris will be mentioned.Keywords. Social sciences, Political sciences, Business administration, Financial economics, Finance, European Conference, Paris.JEL.G10, M10, M20.

This article reviews the first four books published in a new Australian series entitled 'Themes in Australian Economic and Social History'. These volumes include: A. Dingle, Aboriginal economy: patterns of experience; R.V. Jackson, The population history of Australia; W. Bate, Victorian gold rushes; A.L. Lougheed, Australia and the world economy. The series is edited by C.B. Schedvin in association with the Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand and is published by McPhee Gribble Publishers, Melbourne. Each attractively presented book is approximately seventy pages long and is priced at $9.99. Further volumes in this series have been commissioned.

Social security reform in the United States continues to be a pressing and contentious issue, with advocates touting some form of a centralized or a privatized system of personal accounts. In general, centralized systems offer low administrative costs, but are potentially subject to political mismanagement and appropriation. Privatized account systems, on the other hand, offer higher yields with more flexibility, but may prove too expensive and logistically daunting to implement. Uniting learned and outspoken proponents on both sides of the debate, this volume provides the first comprehensive

This article reviews the concept of "social integration" as it developed through the series of international conferences and summits held over the last decade. Social integration, which was once viewed in a welfarist way that emphasised giving help to vulnerable and disadvantaged groups so that they could integrate better into "normal" society, was redefined to focus on the very nature of society and the relations among all its component groups. Emphasis is shifted from a narrow focus on groups to a broader understanding of social forces that create vulnerability and disadvantage. Implications of this shift for social policy research are suggested. The article also summarises the main activities of the Social Integration Branch of the Division for Social Policy and Development, UNDESA, which has primary responsibilities within the United Nations Secretariat for policies and activities related to the situation of specific social groups, including youth, older persons, persons with disabilities, families and persons in situations of conflict. (Original abstract)

Many engineering activists have emphasized the need to reframe engineering as a sociotechnical field in order to expand engineers' contributions to social justice and peace. Yet, reframing engineering as sociotechnical does not always lead to critical engagement with social justice. We provide several examples of how "social" aspects have been brought into engineering in a depoliticized manner that limits engagement with political and social justice goals. We link these examples to Cech's three pillars of the "culture of disengagement" in engineering: social/technical dualisms, meritocracy, and depoliticization. We argue that reframing engineering as sociotechnical addresses the first pillar, the social/technical dualism, but does not necessarily include the second and third pillars. We propose that all three pillars can be addressed through integrating explicit attention to political engagement and social justice in efforts to reframe engineering as a sociotechnical field. Doing so can increase engineers' capacity to contribute to social justice and peace.

AbstractBorders play a profound role in human life. In many settings, land borders are highly permeable and provide little barrier to movement, communication and interaction. In other circumstances, borders are highly rigid, difficult to cross and can demarcate vast economic and social disparities. The widely differing circumstances related to border creation and maintenance have deep effects that are worthy of social work attention and engagement. There has been serious attention to issues of globalisation, immigration and human rights in the social work literature. Our focus on borders is related to, but distinct from these issues, and therefore, has something unique to offer. Increased globalisation has led to a major reconceptualisation in our understanding of borders. The COVID-19 epidemic demonstrates the limited relevance of borders in some circumstances (spreading of the virus) but the heightened relevance of borders in other circumstances (travel restrictions). Social work practitioners have a role in framing the understanding of borders and resulting policies. Our focus is to address the question: How has social work engaged with border issues? We examine three international cases and conduct a comparative analysis to examine similarities and differences. From the analysis, we draw conclusions to further understanding for social work.

Given the sensitive nature of ethics research, the presence of social desirability bias (SDB) threatens the validity of research findings. As ethics studies often overlook this bias, we aimed to provide evidence that SDB varies across individual and situational factors. We thus investigated the influence of socio-demographic factors and survey modes on SDB. A total of 348 working adults were randomly chosen to participate in either an on-line or off-line survey containing eight versions of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability (MCSD) scale. The reliabilities for the eight versions ranged from 0.35 to 0.81. Statistical tests revealed that different socio-demographic factors influence different versions of the MCSD scale. The results also showed that using on-line surveys minimizes SDB. This study provides practical implications and suggestions for future research.

Peter Baehr's new book examines unmasking in the history of social theory, politics and contemporary media. In this review, I focus on the assessment of styles of theorizing in social theory and sociology in particular. Baehr shows that through its inheritance of an Enlightenment commitment to a critique of power and domination, mainstream sociology (including the discipline's conservative critics) have absorbed an "unmasking" model of critique where instead of "scientific refutation" or "principled disagreement" what is practiced is the removal of a "disguise". I consider the book's rich history of masking and unmasking in social thought, as well as the claim that "dramaturgical" and Anglophone sociologies are more favorably disposed towards the "masking" trope; although, I also observe the book's historical depth is not matched by contemporary breadth (for e.g. it doesn't consider the migration of social theory into new domains). I conclude by asking whether reflection on styles of thought in social theory can be separated from a sociology of sociology; and also ask whether the masking and unmasking dialectic is yet another chapter in the long history of what the Greeks called theoria.

Chapter 4 and chapter 7 are available Open Access under
CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Two decades have passed since the devolution of social care policy, with key differences emerging between the UK's four systems, but what impact have these differences had? This book presents for the first time research on the perspectives of social care policy makers on the four systems in which they operate and the ways in which they borrow from one another.

Drawing on extensive interviews with national and local policy makers across the UK, the book raises vital questions about the role of 'standardisation' and 'differentiation' in social care, concluding that when given equal capacity to reform their respective systems, the regimes in each nation may take radically different shapes.

In 2012, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) commissioned a consensus report from the National Research Council on ethical and social issues associated with military research and development (R&D). DARPA's interest was both principled and practical. It wanted to do the right thing, as defined by US and international law, the Geneva Conventions, the laws of armed conflict, and similar prescriptions. Here, Fischhoff demonstrates how military R&D can become sensitive to ethical concerns, as discussed in the 2013 report Emerging and Readily Available Technologies and National Security: A Framework for Addressing Ethical, Legal, and Societal Issues. Adapted from the source document.

El propósito de este artículo es ofrecer una discusión sobre las intervenciones sociales y su potencial contribución a la construcción de ciudadanía en el contexto contemporáneo. Tomando como ejemplo el caso chileno, la idea de ciudadanía es observada en este trabajo como una categoría conceptual que, en tanto tal, puede adquirir diversos significados de acuerdo a las aproximaciones epistemológicas que se hagan de ella. Las implicancias prácticas de dichas perspectivas son analizadas considerando el contexto institucional y político en que se desenvuelven los trabajadores sociales chilenos en la actualidad. ; This article aims to offer a discussion about social interventions and their potential contribution to the construction of citizenship. Drawing upon the Chilean case, the idea of citizenship is analysed in this paper as a concept which can be observed from diverse epistemological perspectives. Practical implications underlying such epistemological approaches are examined considering the organisational and political contexts where Chilean social workers conduct their interventions nowadays.

La actual situación de escisión jurisdiccional que conoce la materia de Seguridad Social es altamente insatisfactoria (acción protectora: orden jurisdiccional social; actos de encuadramiento, gestión liquidatoria y recaudatoria: orden jurisdiccional Contencioso-administrativo). Desde hace varios años se constata una tendencia a la readministravización de la Seguridad Social que, entre otros efectos, ha supuesto un vaciamiento parcial de competencias típicas del orden social. No son claras las razones de la persistencia de la situación examinada –que, en todo caso, se intuyen vinculadas a la defensa de intereses de la Administración–, aunque sí hay coincidencia en resaltar sus inconvenientes, no solo de carácter teórico sino de índole práctica y de funcionamiento: riesgo de peregrinaje jurisdiccional y de producción de criterios contradictorios sobre diversos aspectos de un mismo problema en uno y otro orden jurisdiccional; saturación de un orden jurisdiccional –el Contencioso-administrativo–, ya de por sí sobrecargado de trabajo y carente de la necesaria especialización; insatisfacción para el justiciable, que se ve expulsado de su jurisdicción natural –la social– y remitido a una jurisdicción –la Contencioso-administrativa–, más lenta y costosa. Como alguien ha señalado, «no son más que decisiones de (caprichosa o interesada) política legislativa, y como tales hay que acatarlas, aunque no nos casemos de criticarlas». Ante este estado de cosas, la mejor solución pasa por unificar en el orden jurisdiccional social todas las cuestiones que afecten a materias de Seguridad Social, en sentido amplio (actos de encuadramiento, cotización, recaudación, acción protectora), incluido el control de la potestad sancionadora, aunque esta medida requiera ajustes procesales y modificaciones de la planta judicial. A este respecto, una propuesta podría consistir en reservar la actual modalidad procesal de Seguridad Social (arts. 140-147 LJS), para conocer de las reclamaciones sobre prestaciones, y regular una o varias modalidades ...

En este trabajo se pretende realizar una aproximación a la situación actual de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) en Marruecos, con el objetivo de aportar al conocimiento de un tema en el que existen pocos antecedentes de investigación académica. En primer lugar se analiza la situación económica, el código de trabajo y la situación medioambiental del país. En segundo lugar, se recogen los datos de un estudio realizado para determinar el grado del conocimiento de la RSC en las PYMES marroquís. Por último, se recogen los diferentes compromisos, internacionales, regionales y locales, en los cuales participa Marruecos para seguir avanzando en materia de política social. Como conclusión más relevante destacar que pese a que la participación del estado y el sector privado está en pleno crecimiento, en la realidad esta participación queda muy limitada debido al reducido número de las políticas sociales y medioambientales actuales puestas en marcha por los poderes públicos y la casi ausencia de la participación de las micro y pequeñas empresas en el desarrollo de la RSC en el país.