Multimedia approaches to distance education have been mooted for further development at a time when there is less government involvement in New Zealand education. The Internet is a likely resource for exploitation by distance education institutions. Not only does the Net appear to be a huge source of information for teachers and students, but it could also serve as a testing bed for multimedia teaching/learning applications. However, the use of the Internet involves connectivity, system familiarity, and social and cultural issues. Because of the need to resolve these issues, this paper reiterates the necessity for a comprehensive national distance education policy.
[EN] In Mexico, in the Official Gazette of the Federation of August 2, 2006, the General Law for Equality between Women and Men, public order, social interest, general observance throughout the National Territory, was published. regular object and guarantee equal opportunities, treatment between women and men, propose guidelines, institutional mechanisms that guide the Nation towards the fulfillment of substantive equality in the public and private spheres, promoting the empowerment of women and the fight against discrimination based on sex. This means that in the country, legislatively speaking, it is in accordance with the regulations in force at the International level in order to provide women with equal opportunities in terms of education in the present topic. While it is true that there is consistent international regulation, likewise it is unfortunately for girls and women of different ages to receive education with equal opportunities is to date a prevailing need, motivated by different factors; so some of them will be developed to know the aspects in which it is still necessary to grant them greater opportunities. ; [ES] En México, en el Diario Oficial de la Federación del día 2 de agosto del año 2006, fue publicada la Ley General para la Igualdad entre Mujeres y Hombres, disposición de orden público, interés social, observancia general en todo el Territorio Nacional, tiene por objeto regular y garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades, trato entre mujeres y hombres, proponer lineamientos, mecanismos institucionales que orienten a la Nación hacia el cumplimiento de la igualdad sustantiva en los ámbitos público y privado, promoviendo el empoderamiento de las mujeres y la lucha contra toda discriminación basada en el sexo. Esto significa que en el País, legislativamente hablando se está acorde con la normatividad vigente a nivel Internacional a fin de brindarles a las mujeres la igualdad de oportunidades en cuanto a educación se refiere en el presente tema. Si bien es cierto que existe esta normatividad ...
Comunicação apresentada em Fostering Entrepreneurship: The Role of Higher Education,Trento, Italy ; The main purpose of the paper is to assess how entrepreneurship is developed in Higher Education in Portugal. To accomplish this, we did an analysis of courses related with entrepreneurship offered by Public Universities in Management Degrees. To assess every course, a search on websites of each institution and a content analysis of reports produced by External Committees of Higher Education Performance Assessment were used. Results indicate that entrepreneurship is not a key structuring objective in Higher Education. The governmental authorities overlook entrepreneurship as a goal to be pursuit by Universities.
Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Pt. 3: Appendix. ; Hearings held in various cities, Jan. 31-June 26, 1973 on H.R. 16, 69, 5163, and 5823. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 73 H341-45 (pt. 1), CIS 73 H341-46 (pt. 2), CIS 73 H341-47 (pt. 3) ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Front -- Contents -- FOREWORD -- INTRODUCTION -- I Basics of Social Work Leadership and Management -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- II Management and Leadership with Special Groups and in Special Settings -- 4 -- 5 -- 6 -- III Specialized Managerial Processes -- 7 -- 8 -- 9 -- 10 -- IV Principles and Issues in Nonprofit Management -- 11 -- 12 -- 13 -- 14 -- 15 -- 16 -- 17 -- V Managing Social Work Education -- 18 -- 19 -- 20 -- 21 -- 22 -- 23 -- 24 -- About the Contributors.
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Cover-title. ; A consideration of public education as a function of the state and a plea that to the Board of Education be delegated the responsibility for educational administration, with a summary of the educational provisions of the constitutions of the states and excerpts from the statutes. ; At head of title: Department of Education--the City of New York. ; Mode of access: Internet.
This thesis is composed of three distinct chapters. The first two contribute to the economics of higher education literature, while the third estimates a structural model of household behavior. Chapter 1 presents a study assessing the impact of grading standards (GS) in Italian departments on the labor market outcomes of university graduates. The influence of heterogeneous GS on labor market performance can occur through two different channels: a productivity and a signaling effect. The empirical papers trying to answer the same research question are quite rare due to limitations in data availability. This study provides first evidence on the dynamic effects of GS on university graduates in Italy, evaluating the impact on wages, employment and overeducation. The analysis is performed using unique data provided by Almalaurea on graduates in years 2008 and 2009 matched with department-level information on research quality and resources. Italy is an interesting case study since university graduation rates are low but, at the same time, returns to higher education are below the average of other developed countries. The human capital accumulated is also quite low. The PIAAC data, measuring the level of skills in OECD countries by level of education, place Italian university graduates at the bottom of the ranking. For these reasons it is important to find policies that can increase the average productivity of highly educated workers. Furthermore, in the last decades the increased supply in the market for higher education and the 3+2 reform lead to a larger heterogeneity in quality and in GS between institutions. The estimation strategy is divided in two steps. Firstly, we estimate a proxy for GS as the part of final grades which cannot be explained by differences in individual characteristics (student's quality) and other relevant inputs (quality of the institution attended). Then, the effect of GS on wage and other labor market outcomes is estimated. We show that differences in GS are large across departments. More generous grades are associated to a wage penalty on the labor market 5 years after graduation. In particular, graduates from 'generous' departments earn 3.4% less than people who studied in the 'strict' departments, they have a lower employment rate and a higher probability of being too educated for their jobs. The effects on wages are stronger for high ability workers while employment is more affected for low ability and female graduates. Chapter 2 assesses the impact of the first Italian Research Evaluation Exercise (REE) on students' enrollment choices. All Italian REEs have been followed by lively debates. Critics of REE maintain that they are very expensive and excessively based on quantitative (e.g., bibliometric) indicators. Advocates of REEs rebut that in a period of shrinking public funding of Higher Education it is more important than ever to allocate resources in an effective and efficient way. However, there is no evidence on the effect of the REE on students' choices. Our paper is related to the literature which, especially in the US, has investigated the effects on student application and matriculation decisions of ratings and rankings of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) produced by private `intermediaries'. We provide a first assessment of the impact of the 'Valutazione Triennale della Ricerca' (VTR) on student choices using a before-after estimator which exploits differential treatment intensities across HEIs. In particular, we investigate whether departments that received a better score also beneted of more student enrolments and enrolments of students with better entry qualications after the VTR. This identication strategy enables us to control for both department-specific time invariant unobservable heterogeneity and pre-existing department trends. The analysis is performed using data on enrollment at the department level between 2002 and 2011 merged with data on research quality of departments from the first REE accomplished in Italy (the VTR). Italy is an interesting case study since enrollment has been decreasing in Italy in the last decade, especially in the South, so assessing the effect of research quality on the quantity and quality of enrolled students is important. Our analysis demonstrates that increasing the percentage of excellent products by one standard deviation at the department level increases student enrollments by 6.5 percent. Effects are larger for high quality students, namely those with better high school final marks (10 percent) or coming from the academic track (11.8 percent). Departments in the top quartile of the quality distribution gained more from a good performance in the evaluation exercise. Effect magnitudes appear to be similar across all macro-regions (North, Centre and South and Islands), but are precisely estimated only for universities in Northern Italy. Finally, Chapter 3 presents and estimates a model of household behavior with endogenous labor supply and fertility choices. The estimated model is then used to assess the effect of a childbirth transfer on household decisions. We contribute to the recent literature (Adda et al., 2015) performing ex-ante structural evaluations of policies having the objective to modify the fertility and labor supply behavior of households. The model is estimated using the Italian Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) for the period 1984-2014, a dataset collected by the Bank of Italy every two years. The model parameters are estimated through the Method of Simulated Moments. We obtain moments from households in the 1960 cohort, i.e. people born in years 1957-1963. Structural estimation offer some important advantages with respect to reduced form approaches. First, it allows to model different sources of endogeneity (ex. self-selection into labor market participation). Second, it provides parameters from a theoretical model that can be used to simulate the effects of policy experiments. The model is able to explain quite well the behavior of men and women in the cohort. Preliminary results show that the permanent childbirth transfer is successful in increasing the total fertility rate of married women, even if it has a negative effect on employment.
