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Unhelpful pasts and a provisional present / John Lonsdale -- Rethinking citizenship and subjecthood in southern Africa : Khoesan, labor relations and the colonial state in the Cape of Good Hope (c. 1652/1815) / Nicole Ulrich -- "We are oppressed and our only way is to write to higher authority" : the politics of claim and complaint in the peripheries of condominium Sudan / Cherry Leonardi and Chris Vaughan -- Burundi, 1960/67 : loyal subjects and obedient citizens / Aidan Russell -- "Double nationalité" and its discontents in Cóte d'Ivoire, 1963/66 / Henri-Michel Yéré -- The Nubians of Kenya : citizenship in the gaps and margins / Samantha Balaton-Chrimes -- Divided loyalties and contested identities : citizenship in colonial Mauritius / Ramola Ramtohul -- The ethnic language of rights and the Nigerian political community / V. Adefemi Isumonah -- The state and the "peoples" : citizenship and the future of political community in Ethiopia / Solomon M. Gofie -- Ethnicity and contested citizenship in Africa / Eghosa E. Osaghae

Nineteenth century traditions of benevolence and education : toward a conceptual framework of Black philanthropy / Jayne Beilke -- Standing on their own : African American engagements with educational philanthropy in antebellum America / Jeffrey Mullins -- Booker T. Washington : philanthropy and aesthetics / Michael Bieze -- Creating an image for Black college fundraising : an illustrated examination of the United Negro College Fund's publicity, 1944-1960 / Marybeth Gasman and Edward M. Epstein -- Thurgood Marshall : a study of philanthropy through racial uplift / Noah D. Drezner -- The Links, Incorporated : advocacy, education, and service in the African American community / Kijua Sanders-McMurtry and Nia Woods Haydel -- A.G. Gaston : a story of philosophy, perseverance, and philanthropy / Fred H. Downs -- Not in vain : the philanthropic endeavors of C. Eric Lincoln / Darryl Holloman -- Howard Thurman : a life journey for service, religion, and philanthropy / Mark Giles -- Quiet grace, clothed spirit : Oseola McCarty and the benevolence of a gift / Marci M. Middleton -- A gift of art : Jacob Lawrence as philanthropist / Edward Epstein

BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination is uncommon in low-resource settings. We evaluated aspects of operational feasibility of influenza vaccination programs targeting risk groups in the World Health Organization (WHO) African (AFR) and South-East Asian (SEAR) Regions. METHODS: We estimated routine immunization and influenza vaccination campaign doses, doses per vaccinator, and cold storage requirements for 1 simulated country in each region using evidence-based population distribution, vaccination schedule, and vaccine volumes. Influenza vaccination targeted persons <5 years, pregnant women, persons with chronic diseases, persons ≥65 years, and healthcare workers (HCW). For the AFR country, we compared vaccine volumes to actual storage capacities. RESULTS: Targeting HCW had a small operational impact, and subsequent findings exclude this group. During 3-month influenza vaccination campaigns, monthly doses delivered in the AFR country increased from 15.0% for ≥65 years to 93.1% for <5 years and in the SEAR country from 19.6% for pregnant women to 145.0% for persons with chronic diseases. National-level cold storage capacity requirements increased in the AFR country from 4.1% for ≥65 years to 20.3% for <5 years and in the SEAR country from 3.9% for pregnant women to 28.8% for persons with chronic diseases. Subnational-level cold storage capacity requirements increased in the AFR country from 5.9% for ≥65 years to 36.8% for <5 years and the SEAR country from 17.6% for pregnant women to 56.0% for persons with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination of most risk groups will require substantial increases in doses, doses per vaccinator, and cold storage capacity in countries where infrastructure and resources are limited. © The Author(s) 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab393 ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/33949661/

Using the two-dimensional model (Son Hing et al., 2008) of prejudice as a guide, we sampled 10,522 people to examine the geographic distribution of prejudice toward African Americans in the United States. We found the East South Central, West South Central, and South Atlantic regions were associated with modern racism (MR), principled conservatism (PC) characterized the Mountain region, aversive racism (AR) was prevalent in the East North Central region, and finally, truly low in prejudice (TLP) was found in the Pacific, West North Central, Mid Atlantic, and New England regions. Consistent with the two-dimensional model, those high in MR and PC self-identified as more politically conservative than those high in AR or TLP. On social conservatism, MR scored higher than AR, and AR and PC were higher than TLP. In addition, MR scored lower in egalitarianism than AR, while PC and AR scored lower in egalitarianism than TLP. However, contrary to the two-dimensional model, MR and PC did not differ on egalitarianism or social conservatism. Therefore, results generally supported the distinctions made by the two-dimensional model, although further investigations are needed to determine whether there is sufficient theoretical justification for distinguishing MR and PC. This preliminary mapping of the different types of prejudice toward African Americans provides researchers with a tool to test theoretical differences between unique types of prejudice and examine multiple outcomes related to regional prejudice. Given that regional prejudice can be identified, prejudice reduction efforts may benefit from targeting both the individual and the community.

Contribution to a special issue on sexuality, human rights and health. In the mid-1990s, the international reproductive health community began a fundamental reorientation of its approach to reproductive health, centering it within a framework of rights in relation to sexual and reproductive health. Related to this, advocacy efforts began to re-frame both the female genital cutting (FGC) debate and subsequent program approaches that work with the aim of FGC abandonment, moving away from defining FGC solely as a traditional practice with serious reproductive health consequences to defining the practice also as an issue of human rights and gender violence. Reviews and analyzes the CARE multi-country FGC abandonment project and its pilot approaches to integrate rights-based approaches into ongoing reproductive health projects. Highlights issues that arose as more rights-oriented projects were implemented at the community level in Ethiopia and Kenya. (Quotes from original text)

"The most complete and affordable single-volume reference of African American culture available today, this almanac is a unique and valuable resource devoted to illustrating and demystifying the moving, difficult, and often lost history of black life in America. A legacy of pride, struggle, and triumph spanning more than 400 years is presented through a fascinating mix of biographies-including 500 influential figures-little-known or misunderstood historical facts, enlightening essays on significant legislation and movements, and 150 rare photographs and illustrations. Covering events surrounding the civil rights movement; African American literature, art, and music; religion within the black community; and advances in science and medicine, this reference connects history to the issues currently facing the African American community and provides a range of information on society and culture"--