Suchergebnisse

The question to be examined in this paper is empirical evidence of path dependence of the Czech railways network, i.e. the question whether a way of founding of a particular line influence its economic efficiency and in that way the potential competition of train-operated-companies on it? The study is divided into three parts, beginning by an outline of the most important principles of competition – the competition in the market, and the competition for the market. Further, eight ways of the origin of Czech railways is set out with regard to their present importance: it is presupposed that the way in which a given railway was established predestines its economic efficiency and in that way the potential competition for the market. ; Text se zabývá otázkou, zda způsob založení určité železniční tratě má vliv na její ekonomickou efektivitu a tímto způsobem i na potenciální konkurenceschopnost železniční dopravy v určitých segmentech sítě. Studie je rozdělena do tří částí: (i) principy hospodářské soutěže - konkurence na trhu a konkurence o trh, (ii) definice osmi způsobů vzniku tratí na území ČR, (iii) přehled a srovnání současných provozních výkonů na jednotlivých typech tratí.

AbstractThis paper argues that the cost of solar PV system is beyond the reach of most rural poor households in sub-Saharan Africa. The other disadvantage of PV technology is limited power output. PV technology is unsuitable for agro-processing activities that represent the most attractive options for generating incomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Agro-processing activities require equipment with average power output of not less than 1000 W. A PV system of 1000 W is suggested as being too costly for most rural homes, based on the current silicon technologies. The paper concludes by suggesting that sub-Saharan Africa urgently needs alternative energy technologies that can meet the overall energy requirements of the region and promote economic development in the rural areas. Alternative approaches are also suggested to improve the effectiveness of PV technology in providing the energy needs in sub-Saharan Africa in the short, medium and long term.