Suchergebnisse

During the confinement due to the Covid-19 crisis, economies survived thanks to the available technology and changes of the production model. To study the vulnerability of the economies against the challenges of the recovery, in this paper, we study the role of some factors related to the development of productive sectors, the use of technology, and the structure of public finances. Using panel data estimations, for the European Union, we identify some characteristics that would help economies to boost economic growth. We find that the employment in sectors with a high technological content is the variable that most drives output growth. ; Durante el confinamiento de la población debido a la crisis del Covid-19, las economías han sobrevivido gracias a la tecnología disponible y a cambios en el modelo productivo. Para estudiar la vulnerabilidad de las economías frente a los retos de la recuperación, en este trabajo, estudiamos el papel de algunos factores relacionados con el desarrollo de los sectores productivos, el uso de la tecnología y la estructura de las finanzas públicas. Haciendo uso de estimaciones de datos de panel, para la Unión Europea, identificamos algunas características que ayudarían a las economías a impulsar el crecimiento económico. Encontramos que el empleo en sectores con un alto contenido tecnológico es la variable que más impulsa el crecimiento de la producción

Confucianism claims that the state should offer a particular moral good for pursuing good individual life. To attain such a good life for an individual, it is argued that community prosperity has to be given priority over guaranteeing individual rights. Such a perspective will be criticized throughout this thesis. The ruler's primary role in East Asian culture is often suggested as pursuing the happiness of the ordinary people, who are themselves the subjects to be ruled. This study aims to look through the development of the 'Asian values' based on Confucianism and further criticize the perfectionist perspective embedded therein. The character of humans as ordinary people who Asiatic perfectionists presumed in their claims is originally selfish humans. Interestingly, such selfish humans are surprisingly similar to the humans supposed by classical economists in the West. For this reason, it would be particularly helpful to look at the character of cooperative humans, which has recently emerged from behavioral economics, to criticize the nature of selfish humans. ; Der Konfuzianismus behauptet, dass der Staat ein bestimmtes moralisches Gut für das Streben nach einem guten individuellen Leben bieten sollte. Damit zusammenhängend argumentiert die konfuzianistische Ideologie, dass der Allgemeinwohl vorrangig vor der Einhaltung der individuellen Rechten stehen muss, um ein gutes Leben für einzelnes Individuum gewähren zu können. Eine solche Sichtweise wird in dieser Arbeit kritisiert. Zugleich wird als primäre Obliegenheit eines Herrschers in der ostasiatischen Kultur oft die Glückseligkeit des individuellen, kleinbürgerlichen Staatsvolkes verlangt und geraten, das gleichzeitig die Beherrschten ist. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Entwicklung der "Asian values" auf der Grundlage des Konfuzianismus zu untersuchen und die darin enthaltene perfektionistische Perspektive zu kritisieren. Der Charakter des Menschen als einfaches, kleinbürgerliches Volk, den die asiatischen Perfektionisten wie oben erwähnt in ihren ...

Inhibitor of differentiation (ID) proteins are a family of transcription factors that contribute to maintaining proliferation during embryogenesis as they avoid cell differentiation. Afterward, their expression is mainly silenced, but their reactivation and contribution to tumor development have been suggested. In breast cancer (BC), the overexpression of ID1 has been previously described. However, whether the remaining ID genes have a specific role in this neoplasia is still unclear. We studied the mRNA expression of all ID genes by q RT-PCR in BC cell lines and 307 breast carcinomas, including all BC subtypes. Our results showed that ID genes are highly expressed in all cell lines tested. However, ID4 presented higher expression in BC cell lines compared to a healthy breast epithelium cell line. In accordance, ID1 and ID4 were predominantly overexpressed in Triple-Negative and HER2-enriched samples. Moreover, high levels of both genes were associated with larger tumor size, histological grade 3, necrosis and vascular invasion, and poorer patients' outcomes. In conclusion, ID1 and ID4 may act as biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis in breast cancer, and they could be used as potential targets for new treatments discover. ; This research was funded by the Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL) (UGP 16-149 and UGP 180184) and Navarro-Tripodi Foundation (BOLA00150). M.G.E. was supported by fellowships issued by the Valencian Government of Spain (GVA) and the European Social Fund (ACIF/2016/004).

The phenomenon of Foreign Exchange (Forex) that runs in the investment sector and can help the development of Indonesia. Currently forex is a trend that is endemic and attracts the attention of many parties, both investors and the public in general. Foreign exchange or forex is a type of trade or transaction that trades the currency of a country against the currencies of other countries involving the main money markets in the world for 24 hours continuously, so in this case a legal protection is needed. The purpose of this research is to analyze legal protection in Forex transactions and legal sanctions imposed by the government on illegal Forex broker activities. This research uses a normative method that with a statutory approach. Sources of data used are primary data sources and secondary data sources. After primary legal data and secondary legal data are collected, the data will then be processed and analyzed using systematic legal data processing methods. The results showed that the alleged fraudulent investment fraud case under the guise of forex trading involved illegal brokers from the Guardian Capital Group (GCG) Asia, which harmed consumers. In line with that, the government issued a legal rule, namely Law No.8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The Consumer Protection Law that has been set by the government is the legal basis that is accurate and full of optimism in protecting consumer rights.

Institutions such as ICOFORT (International committee on fortifications and military heritage) encourages the development of diagnosis strategies for the conservation and maintenance of historic earthen walls as highly necessary. Thus, it is important to be aware of the conditions in urban contexts, where the deterioration can be more aggressive and the risk of damage increases. Despite this, there are many strategies of constructive diagnosis for these kinds of monuments, but not many of them are concerned with the structural assessment of situations in which the ramparts work as a retaining wall in an unforeseen way. The medieval ramparts of Seville (Spain) are shown as a completely representative case study of the above-mentioned situation. In the research sector, the monument resists the lateral earth pressure developed by the new difference in height at both sides of the wall. Based on the limited states principle and on different international codes formulation, a tool was programmed to carry out automatic calculations to verify the case study's overall stability conditions using standard sections. The obtained results were based on the overturning, bearing, and sliding overdesign factors (ODF) and determined a stable situation that could be at risk because of changes in the surrounding such as, excavations or the movements of the ground water table, or seismic events. Thus, the need and usefulness of strategies and control instruments that should be integrated into heritage intervention projects have been proved.

International audience ; Through the case of private military and security companies' employment by French, British and US armies, this chapter deals with the transformation of the military field and the presumed renegotiation of its perimeter on its core business. Comparatively to the aforementioned countries, in France, the construction of a policy on military sub-contracting turned out to be the subject of intense debates revealing how, instead of the development of a 'global' market for force and 'transnational' policies, we must notice the weight of national practices and military institutions. If the reconfiguration of armies' role and perimeter has to be considered, it is therefore only in the light of these contrasted policies on sub-contracting. ; Au travers du cas du recours aux compagnies militaires privées par les armées françaises, britanniques et américaines, cette contribution entend revenir sur les transformations du monde militaire et la renégociation supposée de ses frontières autour de son 'cœur de métier'. La construction d'une position autour de la sous-traitance dans le domaine militaire s'est en effet avérée, en France plus qu'ailleurs, faire l'objet de débats tranchés rappelant à quel point, en lieu et place du développement d'un marché 'global' de la sécurité et de politiques 'transnationales', il est possible d'observer ici le poids des pratiques et des institutions militaires nationales. C'est à l'aune de ces politiques contrastées de la sous-traitance militaire que les reconfigurations du périmètre des armées doivent être considérées.

The analysis of the eye fundus is critical to prevent retinal and choroidal diseases since most of them cause no symptoms at early stages. Treating them when the very first signs appear is crucial to avoid vision losses. To this end, the color of eye fundus structures of healthy and diseased patients was assessed from images acquired with a novel multispectral fundus camera (400 nm – 1300 nm) with high spectral and spatial resolution. Characteristic color traits were found: in healthy eyes, large CIEDE2000 color differences were reported between arteries and veins due to different blood oxygenation; the contrast of nerve fibers/fovea was enhanced, giving rise to relevant color differences; in eyes with age related macular degeneration, lesions such as drusen could be better distinguished than with traditional color retinography; alterations of the optic disk in patients with glaucoma were also assessed, showing remarkable CIEDE2000 values when compared to healthy patients ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801342 (Tecniospring INDUSTRY) and the Government of Catalonia's Agency for Business Competitiveness (ACCIÓ). This research was also supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under the grant DPI2017-89414-R. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

Introduction: The legal issues in this writing include (1) Is the Covid-19 Pandemic Affecting the Simultaneous Regional Head Elections and (2) How is the KPUD Implementation in Disseminating Law Number 7 of 2017 Ahead of the Regional Head Election during the Covid-19 Pandemic.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to find out and analyze how the KPUD's duties are in socializing Law Number 7 of 2017 during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative, that is, research that primarily examines positive legal provisions and legal principles, explains and predicts the direction of future legal developments. This is because this research is a legal research, because the science of law has a special character (it is a sui generis discipline).Results of the Research: The results of the discussion of the writer of this thesis showed that the implementation of the Democratic Party was disrupted by the corona virus outbreak, one of which was the simultaneous Regional Head Election. Even the implementation of KPUD's Duties of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning socialization ahead of the Regional Head General Election is disrupted, but the KPUD can cooperate with print or electronic media in order to make it easier for the public to know the procedures for conducting the Regional Head Election so that the KPUD's task in conducting socialization ahead of the Regional Head General Election can be carried out.

non-peer-reviewed ; The Dutch government and leading academics in the field of circular economy propose that "repurposing", i.e., finding new usages for discarded material, is important to reduce resource usage. Waste collectors, municipalities and start-ups increasingly find ways to develop circular business models, aiming for minimum loss of material integrity. Repurpose is a circular business model strategy which entails using a discarded product or its parts in a new product with a different function. The aim of this research is to gain a better understanding of this promising but academically underexposed circular strategy by empirically exploring its key characteristics and developing a taxonomy that reflects the scope and potential of the concept. The taxonomy development was based on clustering and comparing 96 case examples using key characteristics and critical factors empirically collected by means of 11 semi-structured expert interviews. The taxonomy was iteratively refined and validated by means of workshops with experts. This paper proposes a taxonomy and a comprehensive definition for repurposing. The Repurpose taxonomy distinguishes three main categories with increasing levels of material integrity: "Reprocess", "Reshape" and "Recontextualize" .The taxonomy provides a refinement of existing circular business model patterns and frameworks for closing material loops strategies. It shows how repurposing may exploit the creative potential of design to fill the gap between reuse and recycling by retaining previously added value with three levels of physical adjustment.

In the article, the author examines the history of the creation of the Party Archives and its activities, carries out research on the impact of the changes in the socio-political, national and state structures of the country on the development of the Party Archives. The chronological framework covers the period from December 12, 1920, the date of the joint meeting of the Communists of the Kalmyk region, which elected the district committee of the RCP (b), up to the liquidation of the Party Archives of the reskom of the KASSR, associated with the adoption of Presidential Decree no. 169 of November 6, 1991 "On the activities of the CPSU and the CP of the RSFSR", which announced the termination of the activities of the CPSU and the CP of the RSFSR on the territory of the country. The activities of the Party Archives since December 1943, a tragic date in the fate of the Kalmyk people – the liquidation of the Kalmyk ASSR and the deportation of the Kalmyk people to the eastern regions of the country until 1957, a significant date – the restoration of the autonomy of the Kalmyk people, have not been touched upon because on the territory of the liquidated republic, the regional committees of the CPSU and the Komsomol and a number of district committees have ceased to exist.

The article analyzes the role of Austrian and Hungarian researchers of the 19th – 20th centuries in studying the history of the Ottoman Empire. It is noted that the earliest publications of the Ottoman documents were made in the first half of the 19th century. The orientalists J. von Hammer-Purgstall, A. Geway and A. Vambery made a significant contribution to the search for and use of archival documents during this period. In the first half of the 20th century, the Turkish scientists, with the active assistance of several European Orientalists, such as I. Karachon, P. Wittek and L.Fekete, began to reveal the contents of some Ottoman archives and systematize the documents. As a result of the activities of these researchers, a new stage was set in the study of the Ottoman history, diplomacy, and paleography, as well as in the development of archives administration in Turkey. The author concludes that the publication of the Ottoman documents, which contain valuable information about the socio-economic and political life of all the peoples of the Empire, contributed to the further scientific interest and analysis of the Ottoman documents. The studies conducted by the AustroHungarian scientists revealed that the archives of Turkey contain a large number of valuable materials that are important for studies in the history of the Turkish people and the peoples of the Arab countries, the Balkans, Iran, the Caucasus and all the countries that were under the Ottoman rule.

International audience ; Through the case of private military and security companies' employment by French, British and US armies, this chapter deals with the transformation of the military field and the presumed renegotiation of its perimeter on its core business. Comparatively to the aforementioned countries, in France, the construction of a policy on military sub-contracting turned out to be the subject of intense debates revealing how, instead of the development of a 'global' market for force and 'transnational' policies, we must notice the weight of national practices and military institutions. If the reconfiguration of armies' role and perimeter has to be considered, it is therefore only in the light of these contrasted policies on sub-contracting. ; Au travers du cas du recours aux compagnies militaires privées par les armées françaises, britanniques et américaines, cette contribution entend revenir sur les transformations du monde militaire et la renégociation supposée de ses frontières autour de son 'cœur de métier'. La construction d'une position autour de la sous-traitance dans le domaine militaire s'est en effet avérée, en France plus qu'ailleurs, faire l'objet de débats tranchés rappelant à quel point, en lieu et place du développement d'un marché 'global' de la sécurité et de politiques 'transnationales', il est possible d'observer ici le poids des pratiques et des institutions militaires nationales. C'est à l'aune de ces politiques contrastées de la sous-traitance militaire que les reconfigurations du périmètre des armées doivent être considérées.

International audience ; "This article focuses on the changing relation between nature and the urban environment during the 19th et 20th centuries (and even until the 21st) in Europe and the United States, a relation described mainly in terms of public health. Territorial planning and development along with the rules of urbanism have long been the means for political interventions interested in dimensions for the purpose of monitoring and controlling violations and ultimately preserving life. Taking account of the environmental dimensions in urban health policies leads us to re-examine the relations between territorial planning and nature as well as the role played by various stakeholders in the health policy field." ; "Cet article traite de l'évolution de la relation entre la nature et l'environnement urbain au cours des XIXe et XXe siècles, et même jusqu'au XXIe siècle en Europe et aux États-Unis, une relation qui a été principalement abordée en termes de santé publique. L'aménagement de l'espace et les règles d'urbanisme ont longtemps été les outils d'un engagement politique s'intéressant à toutes les dimensions de la vie afin de surveiller et contrôler les atteintes qui pourraient lui être portées, et in fine de la préserver. La prise en compte des dimensions environnementales dans les politiques territoriales de santé conduit à revoir les liens aménagement/nature ainsi que le rôle des différents acteurs impliqués dans les politiques de santé."

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. ; Cape Verdean governments have intensified the investment on the National Reproductive Health Program, aiming to provide universal and qualified services, especially to the youngest people. Nevertheless, data suggest that some health challenges remain in this group (e.g., high rates of early/unplanned pregnancies, illegal abortions, sexual risk behaviors). In this paper, we present a protocol of a community-based social prescribing and digital intervention to promote wellbeing and quality of life across the life course of young Cape Verdeans, with a specific focus on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) related behaviors. The intervention program, to be developed in three years, will follow an Intervention Mapping approach, namely regarding needs assessment and study's protocol. The program's implementation and evaluation will occur simultaneously. The main expected result is the development of a sustainable training program implemented in coproduction with Cape Verdeans from Mindelo (in São Vicente island), with replicable potential in other Cape Verdean regions. The intervention will contribute to SRH-related literacy through the digital health literacy materials and to quality of life across the young's life course. ; This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), grant number UIDB/04295/2020 and UIDP/04295/2020. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This article examines the historical processes that shaped the development of archaeological practice in Angola during the Portuguese colonial period and the aftermath of political independence. Using published works, unpublished reports, and photographic records, we examine the research themes, actors, scholars, and institutions that influenced archaeological research in the country. We also used documents and museum collections in Angola and Portugal to create a GIS database of Angola's archaeological findings. This study highlights the events, personalities, and priorities that motivated earlier investigations, and the geographical distribution of prehistoric sites. We hope this study will be a resource for guiding future archaeological research in Angola. ; Cet article examine les processus historiques qui ont façonné le développement de la pratique archéologique en Angola pendant la période coloniale portugaise et par la suite de l'indépendance politique. À l'aide d'ouvrages publiés, de rapports non publiés et de documents photographiques, nous examinons les thèmes de recherche, les acteurs, les chercheurs et les institutions qui ont influencé la recherche archéologique dans le pays. Nous avons également utilisé des documents et des collections muséales dans diverses institutions en Angola et au Portugal pour créer une base de données SIG des découvertes archéologiques de l'Angola. Cette étude met en évidence les événements, les personnalités et les priorités qui ont motivé des enquêtes antérieures, et la répartition géographique des sites préhistoriques. Nous espérons que cette étude sera une ressource pour guider les futures recherches archéologiques en Angola. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion