Suchergebnisse

Die zunehmende Tendenz der europäischen Politik, sich von einem einheitlichen Europa zu entfernen, in welchem alle Mitgliedstaaten gemeinsam voranschreiten, hat ihren vorläufigen Höhepunkt mit dem "Brexit" erreicht. Für ein starkes und zukunftsfähiges Europa ist es deshalb umso wichtiger, dass die Mitgliedstaaten einheitliches europäisches Recht innerhalb der Unionsverträge setzen und sich nicht außerhalb der Unionsverträge völkervertraglich einigen, wie zuletzt beim Fiskalvertrag erfolgt. Dessen Analyse zeigt deutlich die Problematik, dass eine Gefährdung des Unionsrechts nicht per se durch den einzelnen unionsrechtskonformen völkerrechtlichen Vertrag im Geltungsbereich des Unionsvertragsrechts entsteht, sondern sich vielmehr erst durch eine Vielzahl völkerrechtlicher Verträge ergeben kann. Die Autorin untersucht die Auswirkungen dieses kumulativen, bisher in der rechtswissenschaftlichen Literatur noch nicht beachteten Ansatzes und bietet konkrete Lösungsmöglichkeiten zur Beschränkung auf Basis eines Rechtsgedankens aus dem Kartellrecht an

Статья посвящена исследованию административно-правовых аспектов управления здравоохранением в Российской Федерации. Рассмотрены трактовки таких понятий как здоровье, здравоохранение, организация управления здравоохранения на всех уровнях государственной власти. ; The article is devoted to administrative legal aspects of health management in the Russian Federation. The authors consider the interpretation of the following concepts: health, public health services, organization of health management at all government levels.

"Drawing on six years of ethnographic research, this book critically examines police culture, exploring police behaviours, decision-making and actions. Police culture is a concept widely used, often critically, to characterise the working attitudes and behaviours of (usually uniformed) police officers. It is shorthand for a workplace imbued with machismo, racism, sexism, a thirst for danger and excitement, cynicism and conservatism. Rather than looking for culture or identifying how culture affects behaviours, this book identifies factors that influence the decisions and actions, including technology, targets, training, timing, intelligence, geography and supervision, thus reassembling police culture much as Bruno Latour sought to reassemble the social. The analysis develops a clearer and critical understanding of culture by explicitly connecting the debates about police culture to those about organisational culture. Offering a detailed ethnography of two shifts, it grounds the analysis of the idea of police culture in a 'thick description' of the day-to-day activities observed in the police station and the patrol car, rather than using brief illustrative extracts. The book dispenses with any assumption of the utility of the concept of police culture, not least because it is opaque, and reassembles our understanding of policing and, if it retains any relevance, of police culture. An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to students and scholars of policing, criminology, sociology, law, politics and all those interested in the day-to-day lives of police officers"--

As the main tool for the achievement of the proper functioning of the internal market, the Union is focused on the process of harmonization. The role of harmonization in the EU's internal market is to remove barriers to trade and to facilitate free movement of goods, persons, services, and capital (as well as payment). This can be achieved in many ways, including through the adoption of harmonization, i.e., approximation measures, such as directives and regulations. The established CJEU case law confirms that the aim of harmonization measures is to 'reduce disparities between legal systems.' This aim's realization very often depends upon the form of the chosen harmonization measure and the level of harmonization the measure is based on (e.g., minimum, maximum, full (targeted) harmonization). However, today, we are faced with changes in the regulatory approach of the EU legislator and these changes are greatly affecting the process of harmonization. Due to the increased level of harmonization, EU directives are starting to appear and function more like EU regulations, and vice versa. Because of numerous optional clauses, clauses of minimal harmonization, and the so-called 'opening clauses', EU regulations are not reducing but enabling 'disparities between legal systems.' As an example, authors are analyzing the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) containing more than 69 opening clauses, which play an important role in the process of harmonization and present an instrument of interplay between EU law and Member States' laws. Therefore, it remains to be answered within the lines of this paper whether the role of opening clauses is in compliance with the aim of harmonization in the EU law.

A relationship between the principle of legal norm when viewed in passing the ruleof law on a legal system is the principle of legal norm as a fundamental norm that be abasic though in legal system that formulated to be the rule of legislation. In Article 5and Article 6 Act No.12 in 2011 of Regulations, the problem is the principle of legalnorm has been directly concerning the establishment rule of law. The formulation of theproblem that can be drawn is how the relationship between the principle of the rule oflaw with the law? This problem will be researched with the normative legal researchmethod to produce an argumentation based on the theory as prescript in finishing theproblem faced. Acording to the author, the principle of legal norm is used as a materialof the consideration by the legislature in the formation a rule of legislation. Therefore,the law makers should not make a principle of legal norm to be a rule of law in articlesof the law.

This paper discusses the international legal dimension to Kymlicka's theory of ethnocultural diversity and the prospects for achieving consensus on a stronger set of justice-based international norms on minority rights. Besides addressing specific human rights issues on their own terms, the author argues that the impact of Western experiences in addressing minority questions, while of considerable importance to locally-generated minority protection strategies in the East, may prove more limited in generating a credible set of generally-binding regimes rooted in considerations of justice than is expected. Minority rights standards, it is contended, have so far been perceived - by both East and West -primarily as security tools. This raises not only the problem of how best to strengthen minority rights as part of human rights law, but also the need to clarify the ultimate vision of minority rights law itself. (ECMI)