Taking issue with the likening of contemporary globalization to nineteenth century trade interdependence, in which the defining feature of contemporary globalization is the spread of global production networks, which were notably absent in the past, Maswood demonstrates that the emergence of global production networks (GPNs) was not a result of economic and trade liberalization but instead due to neo-protectionist developments in the 1980s that acted as a catalyst to transform Japan's nationally based production networks into the now ubiquitous GPNs.
United States : the entrepreneurial cutting edge / Pyong Gap Min and Mehdi Bozorgmehr -- Canada : a false consensus / Daniel Hiebert -- Australia : cosmopolitan capitalists down under / Jock Collins -- South Africa : creating new spaces? / Sally Peberdy and Christian M. Rogerson -- United Kingdom : severely constrained entrepreneurialism / Giles A. Barrett, Trevor P. Jones and David McEvoy -- The Netherlands : a Dutch treat / Jan Rath and Robert C. Kloosterman -- Italy : between legal barriers and informal arrangements / Mauro Magatti and Fabio Quassoli -- France : the narrow path / Emmanuel Ma Mung and Thomas Lacroix -- Belgium : from proletarians to proteans / Ching Lin Pang -- Austria : still a highly regulated economy / Regina Haberfellner -- Germany : from workers to entrepreneurs / Czarina Wilpert.
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Local governments increasingly seek to participate in various international transactions, encouraging export by firms within their borders, seeking foreign investment, & accommodating foreign tourists. Here, it is explored whether those metropolitan areas that are more enmeshed in such global transactions are in fact better off economically than metro areas that are less involved. OLS & robust regression techniques are applied to economic data on a sample of 91 metropolitan areas & their central cities to determine whether levels of export, foreign tourism, foreign investment, & immigration are positively related to various measures of well-being, including job growth, income, employment, & low-poverty levels. Results show that, in certain circumstances, foreign direct investment has a slight positive effect on local well-being, while immigration appears to drive up unemployment in the short term. Other measures of global transactions, however, have only modest, if any, effects. It is concluded that, global economic activity fails to demonstrate strong effects because for most metropolitan areas, it is simply too small in proportion to the domestic economy. Expectations of the global marketplace apparently outweigh its actual benefits for urban communities. 2 Tables, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.
In modern conditions of the 21st century, information security of corporate economics is gaining more importance while the task of its provision becomes more and more acute. Rapid introduction of information technologies into all spheres of vital activities of the society and the development of corporate economy under conditions of globalization processes call for the definition of substantiated and efficient ways of ensuring information security. The purpose of writing this article is theoretical–methodological analysis and identification of the basic components of provision of information security of the corporate economy under conditions of globalization to protect information, directions of improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the economy on the world market. In the course of the study we applied the following methods: systematic and comparative analysis, the method of generalization. The paper considers theoretical–methodological fundamentals of information security of the corporate economy. The results of the comparative analysis of the category of "information security" were systemized and are given here. Information security is proposed to be regarded as an integrated component of the process of ensuring the protection of information from internal and external threats and creating favorable conditions for the efficient functioning of corporations and enhancing their competitiveness. Peculiarities of setting up an efficient system of information security were researched. A solution to the problem of efficient functioning of the system of information security of corporate economics in the conditions of globalization was proposed by adopting a set of measures that take into account the main components of information security: legislative; economic; program–technical; administrative management. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the improvement of scientific and methodical approach to identifying components of information security of the corporate economy, which provide a range of ...
In this introduction, the editors suggest a framework for the study of globalization and environmental governance, review important contemporary developments in supranational environmental governance, and introduce individual contributions to the special issue. Held, McGrew, Goldblatt, and Perraton's distinction between hyperglobalist, skeptical, and transformationalist perspectives on dynamics of globalization is useful in the study of the transformations in environmental governance around the world today. Three important innovations are examined: the development of supranational environmental institutions, increased use of market-based regulatory instruments, and the rise of global civil society involvement. Emergent transformations in global environmental governance are not inevitable, and neither are they sufficient for sustainability. Rather, they are constantly threatened by the interests and actions of economic actors and constrained as well by politics, geography, and global inequality. Persistent efforts by interested parties are required to retain salience, maintain momentum, and extend effectiveness of the new forms of environmental governance.
chapter Introduction -- chapter 1 Individualism for beginners When Caoimhe met Annie somewhere in global space -- chapter 2 Was the free individual just a dream? Snapshots of individualism and the illusion of the good society -- chapter 3 Living in a privatized world Coping with globalization -- chapter 4 On the individualist arts of sex Intimacy, eroticism and the newly lost individual -- chapter 5 The self and other ethical troubles Ethics, social differences and the truths of multiculturalism -- chapter 6 Surviving the new individualism Living aggressively in deadly worlds.
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Abstract In this paper I apply the concept of migratory aesthetics to practices of performance and installation art. I begin with two examples of artists-migrants, the Nigerian-British artist Yinka Shonibare and the Vietnamese-American artist Dinkh Q. Lê, and continue with Chinese artists who took the Great Wall of China as the locus but also the main motif of their performances and installations. I selected the work of Concept 21, the Yuanmingyuan group, and Xu Bing. I stress the importance of these art forms in relation to migratory aesthetics. I argue that it is the combination of signifiers inspired by Western art and Chinese iconographies - with sometimes intentionally encrypted symbols - that gives us a better understanding of the mobility and hybridity of aesthetics in times of globalization, which is therefore not restricted to artistic practices of migrants.
ObjectiveThis article investigates the impact of increasing global integration on economic growth, emphasizing its interaction with the level of ethnic heterogeneity in a society.MethodsWe perform a feasible generalized least squares estimation of a random effects model on a longitudinal sample of 103 countries taken over the period 1992–2005.ResultsWe find that economic globalization has generally had a beneficial impact on economic growth. We also find that societies marked by greater ethnic heterogeneity have gained more from global integration. Further, while ethnic heterogeneity has been a significant impediment to growth over the sample period, religious and linguistic heterogeneity have not. Finally, we find that democracies have significantly outperformed autocracies over this period.ConclusionOur results suggest that globalization may have a role in redressing the detrimental impact of ethnic cleavages in a society.
Globalization is an economic, political and ideological form assumed by contemporary society as a whole. In this article, these three dimensions are analyzed in a critical way, weighing various judgments about the phenomenon, and seeking to evidence its religious and inhuman substratum. Finally, it seeks to indicate some alternative references for the construction of a more just society. ; La globalización es una forma económica, política e ideológica que asume la sociedad contemporánea en conjunto. Aquí se analizan estas tres dimensiones de manera crítica, sopesando diversos juicios en torno del fenómeno y buscando evidenciar su sustrato religioso e inhumano. Se busca, por último, indicar algunos referentes alternativos para la construcción de una sociedad más justa.
ABSTRACT The past decade has witnessed the creation of a new international tax regime. The original international tax regime was created a century ago by the League of Nations. Until the 1980s, it functioned reasonably well and prevented most instances of double taxation and double non-taxation by allocating cross-border income between home and host jurisdictions based on a compromise reached in 1923. However, since the advent of globalization in the 1980s and digitalization in the 1990s, the original international tax regime ceased to function as intended. The main problems were the increased mobility of capital related to increased intangibility and digitalization, together with a relaxation of capital controls and increased tax competition. These developments posed a problem for countries that wished to leave their borders open to reap the benefits of globalization and to engage in tax competition to attract investment. The outcome was a significant fall in tax revenues that threatened the social safety net of the modern welfare state. The trilemma of open borders, tax competition, and satisfying voters' demand for social insurance culminated in the financial crisis of 2008–09, where many countries were forced to implement austerity measures at the same time that parliamentary hearings, leaks, and media reports revealed that rich individuals and large corporations were paying very little tax on cross-border income. The results over the past decade have been the creation of a new international tax regime designed to curb both tax evasion by the rich and tax competition among countries seeking to attract business activity within their borders by granting various preferential tax provisions to multinational enterprises. The key question going forward is how the new international tax regime will deal with international (in)equity, i.e. the economic digital divide. In what follows, I will first discuss the decline of the original international tax regime from 1980 to 2009, then the creation of the new international tax regime from 2010 on, and finally the implications of the new international tax regime for the economic digital divide.
The book provides an overview of how international law is today constructed through diverse macro and microprocesses that expand its traditional subjects and sources, with the attribution of sovereign capacity and power to the international plane (moving the international toward the national). Simultaneously, national laws approximate laws of other nations (moving among nations or moving the national toward the international), and new sources of legal norms emerge, independent of states and international organisations. This expansion occurs in many subject areas, with specific structures: commercial, environmental, human rights, humanitarian, financial, criminal, and labor law contribute to the formation of postnational law with different modes of functioning, different actors, and different sources of law that should be understood as a new complexity of law.
This study examines the effect of globalization on female economic participation (FEP) in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria & Turkey) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa) countries between 2004 and 2018. Four measures of globalization are employed and sourced from KOF globalization index, 2018, while the female labour force participation rate is a proxy for FEP. The empirical evidence is based on Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimators. The findings of the PMG estimator from the Panel ARDL method reveal that political and overall globalization in MINT and BRICS countries have a positive impact on FEP, whereas social globalization exerts a negative impact on FEP in the long-run. It is observed that economic globalization has no long-run effect on FEP. Contrarily, all the measures of globalization posit no short-run effect on FEP in the short-run. This supports the argument that globalization has no immediate effect on FEP. Thus, it is recommended that both MINT and BRICS countries should find a way of improving the process of globalization generally to empower women to be involved in economic activities. This study complements the extant literature by focusing on how globalization dynamics influence FEP in the MINT and BRICS countries.
Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction to Key Concepts / Stefanie Wickstrom and Philip D. Young -- I. Constructing Mestizaje -- 1. The Revolutionary Encounter / Rex Wirth -- 2. Mestizaje in Colonial Mexican Art / Sofía Irene Velarde Cruz -- 3. The Tradition of La Chaya in Vallenar, Chile: The Search for Imaginaries in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries / Iván Pizarro Díaz -- II. Barriers to Empowerment Through Identity -- 4. Born Indigenous, Growing Up Mestizos: Schooling and Youth in Arequipa, Peru / Mariella I. Arredondo -- 5. Questioning the Nation: Affirmative Action and Racial Quotas in Brazilian Universities / Paulo Alberto dos Santos Vieira -- 6. Political Subjectification, Mestizaje, and Globalization: Constructing Citizenship in Aid and Development Programs in the Peruvian Andes / Jorge Legoas P. and Fabrizio Arenas Barchi -- 7. The Door to the Future: Cultural Change and the Cheyenne Sun Dance / Jennifer Whiteman -- III. Empowerment -- 8. From Mestizos to Mashikuna: Global Infl uences on Discursive, Spatial, and Performed Realizations of Indigeneity in Urban Quito / Kathleen S. Fine-Dare -- 9. Indigenous Peoples as a New Category of Transnational Social Actors: An Analysis Based on the Case of Argentina / Sabine Kradolfer -- 10. Divine Design: Crafting and Consuming the Sacredin Afro-Brazilian Candomblé / Angela Castañeda -- 11. Women's Roles and Responses to Globalization in Ngäbe Communities / Philip D. Young -- 12. Politicizing Ethnicity: Strategies in Panama and Ecuador / Víctor Bretón Solo de Zaldívar and Mònica Martínez Mauri -- 13. Beyond Mestizaje: Andean Interculturality in Ecuador / John Stolle-McAllister -- References -- Contributors -- Index.
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