Suchergebnisse

This PhD thesis sets out to investigate the potentials of Building Information Modeling (BIM) to mitigate risks of corruption in the Ethiopian public construction sector. The wide-ranging capabilities and promises of BIM have led to the strong perception among researchers and practitioners that it is an indispensable technology. Consequently, it has become the frequent subject of science and research. Meanwhile, many countries, especially the developed ones, have committed themselves to applying the technology extensively. Increasing productivity is the most common and frequently cited reason for that. However, both technology developers and adopters are oblivious to the potentials of BIM in addressing critical challenges in the construction sector, such as corruption. This particularly would be significant in developing countries like Ethiopia, where its problems and effects are acute. Studies reveal that bribery and corruption have long pervaded the construction industry worldwide. The complex and fragmented nature of the sector provides an environment for corruption. The Ethiopian construction sector is not immune from this epidemic reality. In fact, it is regarded as one of the most vulnerable sectors owing to varying socio-economic and political factors. Since 2015, Ethiopia has started adopting BIM, yet without clear goals and strategies. As a result, the potential of BIM for combating concrete problems of the sector remains untapped. To this end, this dissertation does pioneering work by showing how collaboration and coordination features of the technology contribute to minimizing the opportunities for corruption. Tracing loopholes, otherwise, would remain complex and ineffective in the traditional documentation processes. Proceeding from this anticipation, this thesis brings up two primary questions: what are areas and risks of corruption in case of the Ethiopian public construction projects; and how could BIM be leveraged to mitigate these risks? To tackle these and other secondary questions, the research employs a mixed-method approach. The selected main research strategies are Survey, Grounded Theory (GT) and Archival Study. First, the author disseminates an online questionnaire among Ethiopian construction engineering professionals to pinpoint areas of vulnerability to corruption. 155 responses are compiled and scrutinized quantitatively. Then, a semi-structured in-depth interview is conducted with 20 senior professionals, primarily to comprehend opportunities for and risks of corruption in those identified highly vulnerable project stages and decision points. At the same time, open interviews (consultations) are held with 14 informants to be aware of state of the construction documentation, BIM and loopholes for corruption in the country. Consequently, these qualitative data are analyzed utilizing the principles of GT, heat/risk mapping and Social Network Analysis (SNA). The risk mapping assists the researcher in the course of prioritizing corruption risks; whilst through SNA, methodically, it is feasible to identify key actors/stakeholders in the corruption venture. Based on the generated research data, the author constructs a [substantive] grounded theory around the elements of corruption in the Ethiopian public construction sector. This theory, later, guides the subsequent strategic proposition of BIM. Finally, 85 public construction related cases are also analyzed systematically to substantiate and confirm previous findings. By ways of these multiple research endeavors that is based, first and foremost, on the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the author conveys a number of key findings. First, estimations, tender document preparation and evaluation, construction material as well as quality control and additional work orders are found to be the most vulnerable stages in the design, tendering and construction phases respectively. Second, middle management personnel of contractors and clients, aided by brokers, play most critical roles in corrupt transactions within the prevalent corruption network. Third, grand corruption persists in the sector, attributed to the fact that top management and higher officials entertain their overriding power, supported by the lack of project audits and accountability. Contrarily, individuals at operation level utilize intentional and unintentional 'errors' as an opportunity for corruption. In light of these findings, two conceptual BIM-based risk mitigation strategies are prescribed: active and passive automation of project audits; and the monitoring of project information throughout projects' value chain. These propositions are made in reliance on BIM's present dimensional capabilities and the promises of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). Moreover, BIM's synchronous potentials with other technologies such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and Radio Frequency technologies are topics which received a treatment. All these arguments form the basis for the main thesis of this dissertation, that BIM is able to mitigate corruption risks in the Ethiopian public construction sector. The discourse on the skepticisms about BIM that would stem from the complex nature of corruption and strategic as well as technological limitations of BIM is also illuminated and complemented by this work. Thus, the thesis uncovers possible research gaps and lays the foundation for further studies.

At present almost all the spheres of human life undergo the digitalization processes which are characterized by innovation, objectivity and necessity of the processes. In the context of the epoch of global changes, digitalization envisages the appearance of innovative decisions in various spheres of human activity: social, political, technological, scientific, educational, as well as in the branch of economy and logistics. In the combination process of virtual and real worlds a mixed world is created where Internet and updated reality dominate, and based on this total digitalization appears in all the spheres of life, including a branch of logistics. The formation and development of the innovation structure of a logistic system based on the use of new forms of the information technologies is an urgent requirement of the present-day time. Which is why, it is expedient to create such form of logistic activity which will comprise logistics principles and modern innovative forms of running a business. The introduction of current digital technologies in the logistic activity results in the changes of business-models and strategic planning; it improves the interaction among all the participants of the logistic process; it enhances the performance, and as a result it increases a competitive ability of logistic enterprises in the market.The purpose of the paper is to study the key aspects of the development of a logistic branch based on the use of information technologies and their integration into the work of logistic enterprises.In the course of the research, the integration of digitalization processes into the work of logistic enterprises was analyzed. The main logistic operations which require the application of innovative information technologies have been identified. The role and significance of network and cloud systems of the information storage for logistic enterprises were defined. It has been stated that the system of digitalization in the sphere of logistics can be presented in the form of a community formed on the use of digital platforms and their applications by developers, providers and users of logistic services, by the agents who have work experience in the logistic sphere and have competency acquired while using digital information technologies. It has been found out that a cloud information system in logistics is the result of the addition of some digital objects to a physical reality, usually presented as additional information, and a mixed reality results from it. It has been stated that the applied task of digitalization is to reduce time, labor, financial expenses connected with the search of data as well as IT-applications to form an optimal scheme of business partnership based on effective modeling of horizontal industrial-economic and trade-economic contacts among various organizations-participants of a logistic process. And finally, it has been stressed that it is advisable to create the form of logistic performance which comprises logistic principles and updated innovation forms of running a business. We believe that the foundation for these changes has to be the introduction of digitalization processes into the system of financial-economic performance. Due to the introduction of digitalization processes, the enterprises will improve the quality of their performance through the automation and optimization of working technologies; all this will make it possible to become more competitive in the market of logistic services. ; У статті досліджено ключові аспекти розвитку логістичної сфери на основі використання інформаційних технологій. Зазначено, що упровадження сучасних цифрових технологій у логістичну діяльність призводить до зміни бізнес-моделей і стратегічного планування; покращує взаємодію між усіма учасниками логістичного процесу; збільшує продуктивність діяльності і, як наслідок, підвищує конкурентоспроможність логістичних підприємств на ринку.У ході дослідження проаналізовано інтеграцію процесів цифровізації в роботу логістичних підприємств. Виокремлено основні логістичні операцій, які потребують упровадження інноваційних інформаційних технологій. Окреслено роль та значення мережевих та хмарних систем зберігання інформації для логістичних підприємств. Указано, що систему діджиталізації у сфері логістики можна представити у формі спільноти, сформованої на основі використання цифрових платформ і їх додатків, розробниками, надавачами та користувачами логістичних послуг, агентами, що мають досвід роботи в логістичній сфері та володіють компетенціями, набутими за допомогою використання цифрових інформаційних технологій. З'ясовано, що хмарна інформаційна система в логістиці є результатом додавання до фізичної реальності додаткових цифрових об'єктів, які зазвичай відображаються в якості допоміжної інформації, унаслідок чого формується змішана реальність.У підсумку зазначено, що необхідно створити таку форму логістичної діяльності, яка поєднуватиме у собі принципи логістики та сучасні інноваційні форми ведення бізнесу. Основою для таких змін, на нашу думку, має бути упровадження процесів діджиталізації в систему фінансово-господарської та економічної діяльності. На основі упровадження процесів діджиталізації, підприємства підвищать якість своєї діяльності шляхом автоматизації та оптимізації процесів роботи, що дасть їм змогу бути більш конкурентоспроможними на ринку логістичних послуг.

National Agency of Ukraine for finding, tracing and management of assets derived from corruption and other crimes (abbr. – Asset Recovery and Management Agency or ARMA) is a special governmental body, authorized to formulate and implement state policy in the sphere of tracing, finding of assets that are subject to seizure and that are aimed to be seized, as well as management of seized assets in criminal proceedings.In the article are analyzed the principles of legal support for the implementation and functioning of modern information processes in the institutional and administrative activities of the ARMA. Internal and external preconditions for establishment of the National Agency are the following: to improve mechanisms for tracing and finding of assets which illegally withdrawn from Ukraine as a result of corruption and other crimes, and development of transparent and effective mechanisms for managing of seized assets; obligations within Visa Liberalization Action Plan, obligatory recommendations within OECD dialog, and other inter-national obligations of Ukraine. The mechanism of detection, search and management of assets are public functions, the implementation of which is impossible without the following processes of information activity: creation, exchange and dissemina-tion of information; protection of information and data protected by law; data administration, data digitization; analysis and statistics, etc. ARMA is one of the key elements of the anti-corruption mechanism both to counteract corruption and to eliminate its negative effects. Asset detection, search and asset management procedures are carried out within the framework of an integral information activity, which at the same time accompanies interdepartmental management processes. One of the key principles of the implementation of the state policy of management of corrupt assets in the activities of ARMA is wide powers of: obtain, process and disclose information about assets; access to information resources, including those held by entities of foreign jurisdiction; providing relevant responsibilities of authorities, local governments, individuals and legal entities to provide information, as well as coercive mechanisms in case of failure to provide information; wide publicity of the facts and procedures for the seizure of assets in criminal proceedings; processing of other criminal information requiring security and safety; generalization and rapid exchange of information on assets obtained by crime. ARMA information activity includes: accumulation, structuring of information; selecting the necessary data in the context of a specific search criteria; monitoring of data entry, correction and publication; control and comparison of performance of the department, contractors; automation of the formation of certificates, reports maintenance of statistics and accounting of correspondence; ensuring the integrity and reliability of information, etc.Administering the Register of seized assets is a special type of complex information work that requires special regulatory support in the form of a separate Regulation on the Unified Register of Arrested Assets. ; У статті проаналізовано засади правового забезпечення впровадження та функціонування сучасних інформаційних процесів в інституційній та управлінській діяльності АРМА. Механізм виявлення, розшуку та управління активами – це публічні функції, реалізація яких є неможливою без таких процесів інформаційної діяльності, як: створення, обмін та поширення інформації; захист відомостей та даних, що охороняються законом; адміністрування даних, оцифровування відомостей; аналіз та статистика тощо. Діяльність АРМА є одним із ключових елементів антикорупційного механізму як з метою протидії корупції, так і ліквідації її негативних наслідків. Процедури виявлення, розшуку та управління активами здійснюються в межах невід'ємної інформаційної діяльності, яка водночас супроводжує внутрівідомчі управлінські процеси. Одним із ключових принципів реалізації державної політики менеджменту корупційних активів у діяльності АРМА є широкі повноваження щодо: отримання, обробки та розголошення інформації про активи; доступу до інформаційних ресурсів, у тому числі тих, які містяться у розпорядженні суб'єктів іноземної юрисдикції; забезпечення відповідними обов'язками органів влади, місцевого самоврядування, фізичних та юридичних осіб надавати інформацію, а також механізмами примусу у разі ненадання інформації; широкого поінформування громадськості про факти та процедури арешту активів у кримінальних провадженнях; обробки інших відомостей у сфері кримінального процесу, які потребують захищеності та безпеки; узагальнення та оперативного обміну інформацією щодо активів, одержаних злочинним шляхом. Інформаційна діяльність АРМА є різнотиповою та включає: накопичення, структурування інформації; здійснення відборів необхідних даних у розрізі конкретно заданого критерію пошуку; проведення моніторингу внесення, коригування та видання даних; контроль та порівняння показників роботи відділу, виконавців; автоматизацію формування довідок, звітів; ведення статистики та обліку кореспонденції; забезпечення цілісності та достовірності інформації тощо. Адміністрування Єдиного реєстру арештованих активів – це спеціальний вид складної інформаційної роботи, що потребує спеціального нормативного забезпечення у формі окремого Положення про Єдиний реєстр арештованих активів. Досягнення високих показників під час виявлення, розшуку та управління активами, а також їх повернення з іноземних юрисдикцій у взаємодії з органами досудового розслідування, слідства та суду, іноземними партнерами, а також бізнес-спільнотою, громадянами вимагає від АРМА впровадження не тільки сучасних інформаційних технологій, їх обслуговування, а й якісного інформаційно-правового забезпечення зазначених процесів.

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Antroplogía Social y Pensamiento Filosófico . Fecha de lectura: 22-06-2020 ; La siguiente investigación pretende contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de los efectos que genera en la cotidianidad de los sujetos la reformulación de las relaciones de poder y resistencia causada por la total imbricación de Internet en las relaciones sociales que se observan en las sociedades del capitalismo avanzado. Realicé un análisis del espacio social y simbólico que surge de la intersección de las dimensiones de Poder, Tecnología y Sujetos/subjetividades. Tales dimensiones expresan también los intereses de investigación que surgen de mi trayectoria personal como tecnólogo y como activista. Y que al mismo tiempo, contienen muchas de las claves para dar cuenta de las profundas transformaciones sociales ocurridas en las últimas décadas. Las conclusiones a las que arribo ponen en evidencia la multitud de elementos tecno-sociales de gran complejidad que modulan las prácticas sociales digitalmente mediadas de los sujetos. Opté por asentar mi problema de investigación sobre las potenciales restricciones que representa para la agencia humana la automatización de acciones y decisiones sociales al transformarse imperceptiblemente en servidumbres maquínicas a las que induce la gestión hegemónica de los potentes recursos tecnológicos alojados en Internet, como son el Big Data, la Inteligencia Artificial, los algoritmos avanzados, etcétera. A partir de estas consideraciones, decidí investigar cómo resuelven estas cuestiones los sujetos y colectivos de activistas que confrontan con las lógicas de control y la mercantilización de la vida y que, en ese empeño, dan centralidad dentro de sus prácticas al uso social de las redes y los dispositivos digitales. Así di forma a un concepto de Apropiación tecnológica a partir de lo que los propios actores situados entienden como tal y que se resume en lograr mayor autonomía en cuatro ámbitos: como usuario, respecto a las infraestructuras, en lo social y en lo político. Y que para lograr estos cometidos, se conforman cuatro arreglos situacionales que parecen caracterizar en general a estos procesos y a los que llamé microdispositivos de resistencia político-social, de saber técnico, de gestión participativa de las iniciativas sociales y de motivación y cuidados con enfoque de género. Munido de estos conceptos, avancé luego en la propuesta de formular un Derecho a la Red que podría articularse con otros derechos emergentes, particularmente con el Derecho a la ciudad, buscando de esta forma, enriquecer la eficacia y la visión estratégica de los movimientos sociales ; The following research intends to contribute to a better understanding of the effects on the daily life of the subjects of the reformulation of the power and resistance relations caused by the total imbrication of the Internet in the social relations observed in the societies of the advanced capitalism. I made an analysis of the social and symbolic space that arises from the intersection of the dimensions of Power, Technology and Subjects/subjectivities. Such dimensions express the research interests that arise from my personal trajectory as a technologist and as an activist. And fundamentally, they express the necessary keys to account for the profound social transformations that have occurred in the recent decades. The conclusions I reach out to reveal the multitude of highly complex techno-social elements that modulate the subjects' digitally mediated social practices. I chose to lay down my research problem on the potential restrictions on the human agency of the automation of social actions and decisions by imperceptibly transforming into machine-based servitudes that have been inducing the hegemonic management of powerful technological resources hosted on the Internet, such as Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, advanced algorithms, etc. On the basis of these considerations, I decided to investigate how the subjects and groups of activists who confront the logics of control and the commodification of life resolve such issues and who, in their endeavour, give centrality within their practices to the use of networks and digital devices. Thus I shaped a concept of technological Appropriation from what the situated actors understand as such and that is summed up in achieving greater autonomy in four areas: as a user, with respect to infrastructure, in the social and in the political. And that to achieve these aims, four situational arrangements are made up which seem to characterize in general these processes and which I denominated micro devices of political-social resistance, of technical knowledge, of participatory management of the social initiatives and of motivation and gender-focused care. In the course of these concepts, I then advanced in the proposal to formulate a Right to the Network that could be articulated with other emerging rights, particularly with the Right to the City, thus seeking to enrich the effectiveness and strategic vision of social movements

An international consortium of more than 150 organisations worldwide is studying the feasibility of future particle collider scenarios to expand our understanding of the inner workings of the Universe. The core of this Future Circular Collider (FCC) study, hosted by CERN, an international organisation near Geneva (Switzerland), is a 100 km long circular particle collider infrastructure that extends CERN's current accelerator complex. As a first step, an intensity frontier electron-positron collider is assumed. The ultimate goal is to build a proton collider with an energy seven times larger than the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Such a machine has to be built with novel superconductive magnet technology. Since it takes decades for such technology to reach industrial maturity levels, R&D has already started. The superconducting magnet system is considered the major cost driver for construction of such a proton collider. A good cost-benefit balance for industrial suppliers is considered an important factor for the funding of such a project. Aim The aim of this investigation was to identify the industrial impact potentials of the key processes needed for the manufacturing of novel high-field superconducting magnets and to find innovative additional applications for these technologies outside the particle-accelerator domain. Suppliers and manufacturing partners of CERN would benefit if the know-how could be used for other markets and to improve their internal efficiency and competitivity on the world-market. Eventually, being more cost-effective in the manufacturing and being able to leverage further markets on a long-time scale will also reduce the cost for each step in the manufacturing chain and ultimately lead to lower costs for the superconducting magnet system of a future high-energy particle collider. Method The project is carried out by means of the Technology Competence Leveraging method, which has been pioneered by the Vienna University of economics and business in Austria. It aims to find new application fields for the three most promising technologies required to manufacture novel high-field superconducting magnets. This is achieved by gathering information from user-communities, conducting interviews with experts in different industries and brainstorming for new out-of-the-box ideas. The most valuable application fields were evaluated according to their Benefit Relevance and Strategic Fit. During the process, 71 interviews with experts have been carried out, through which 38 new application fields were found with credible impacts beyond particle accelerator projects. They relate to manufacturing "superconducting Rutherford cables" (15), "thermal treatment" (10) and "vacuum impregnation with novel epoxy" (13). Superconducting magnet manufacturing technologies for market-oriented industries Report. Results: A short description of all application fields that were classified as "high potential" can be found here: Superconducting Rutherford cable * Aircraft charging: Commercial airplanes only spend around 45 minutes on the ground at a time to load and unload passengers. For future electric aircraft this time window would be to small to charge using conventional cables. The superconducting Rutherford cable could charge an electric plane fast and efficiently. * Electricity distribution in hybrid-electric aircraft: On a shorter time scale, hybrid-electric aircraft is an appealing ecological technology with economic advantages. In this case, electricity for the electric engines is produced by a generator. Cables with high current densities are needed inside the aircraft to distribute the energy. The superconducting Rutherford cable could be a candidate for this task. * Compact and efficient electricity generators: Using the superconducting Rutherford cable, small and light engines and generators can be constructed. One end-use example is for instance the generation of electricity using highly-efficient wind turbines. Thermal treatment: Heat treatment is needed during the production of superconducting magnet coils. In this processing step, the raw materials are reacted to form the superconductor. This processing step is used for certain lowtemperature superconductors as well as for certain high-temperature superconductors. * Scrap metal recycling: Using a large-scale oven with very accurate temperature stabilisation over long time periods, melting points of different metals can be selected. This leads to more efficient recycling of scrap metal. It also permits a higher degrees of process automation and quality management. * Thermal treatment of aluminium: Thermal treatment of aluminium comprises technologies like tempering and hardening. The goal of this technique is to change the characteristics of aluminium and alloys containing aluminium. End-use applications include for instance the automotive and aerospace industry, where such exact treatment is necessary. Vacuum impregnation * Waste treatmnent companies currently face challenges because new legislation require more leak-tight containers. Novel epoxy resin developed for superconducting magnets in particle colliders also needs to withstand high radiation levels. Therefore, this technology can be useful in the process of managing highly-activated radioactive waste.

The Finnish National Topographic Database (NTDB) is currently developed by the National Land Survey of Finland (NLS) together with municipalities and other governmental agencies. It will be a harmonized database for topographic data in Finland provided by municipalities, the NLS and other agencies. The NTDB has been divided into several themes, of which the buildings theme was the focus in the first stage of development. Data collection for the NTDB is performed by different municipalities and governmental organizations. Having many supplying organizations can lead to inconsistencies in spatial data. Without a robust quality process this could lead to a chaos. Fortunately data quality can be controlled with an automated data quality evaluation process. Reaching a better degree of harmonization across the database is one of the main goals of NTDB in the future, besides reducing the amount of overlapping work and making national topographic data more accessible to all potential users. The aim of the NTDB spatial data management system architecture is to have a modular architecture. Therefore, the Data Quality Module named as QualityGuard can also be utilized in the National Geospatial Platform which will be a key component in the future Spatial Data Infrastructure of Finland. The National Geospatial Platform will include the NTDB data themes but also addresses, detailed plans and other land use information. FME was chosen as the implementation platform of the QualityGuard because it is robust and highly adaptable, allowing development of even the most complicated ETL workflows and spatial applications. This approach allows effortless communication with different applications via various types of interfaces, thus efficiently enabling the modularity requirement in all stages of development and integration. The QualityGuard works in two modes: a) as a part of the import process to NTDB, and b) independently. Users can validate their data using the independent QualityGuard to find possible errors in their data and fix them. Once validated and the data is fixed, data producers can import their data using the import option. The users receive a data quality report containing statistics and a quality error dataset regarding their imported data, which can be inspected in any GIS software, e.g. overlaid on original features. Geographical locations of quality errors are displayed as points. Each error finding produces a row in the error dataset, containing information about the type and cause of the error as short descriptions. Data quality evaluation is based on validating the conformance against data product specifications specified as quality rules. Three different ISO 19157 quality elements are utilized: format consistency, domain consistency and topological consistency. The quality rules have been defined in a co-operation with specialists in the field and the technical developing team. The definition work is based on the concept developed in the ESDIN project, quality specifications of INSPIRE, national topographic database quality specifications, national and international quality recommendations and standards, quality rules developed in European Location Framework (ELF) project and interviews of experts from National Land Survey of Finland and municipalities. In fact the NLS was one of the first agencies in the world who published a quality model for the digital topographic data in 1995. Quality rules are currently documented in spreadsheet documents representing each theme. Each quality rule has been defined using RuleSpeak, a structured notation for expressing business rules. RuleSpeak provides a consistent structure for each definition. The rules are divided in general rules and feature-specific rules. General rules are relevant for all feature types of a specific theme, although exceptions can be defined. A nation-wide, centralized automated spatial data quality process is one of the key elements in an effort towards achieving better harmonization of the NTDB. In principle, the greater aim is to achieve compliance with the auditing process described in ISO 19158. This process is meant to ensure that the supplying organizations are capable of delivering data of expected quality. However, implementing a nation-wide process is rather challenging because municipalities and other organizations might not have the capability or resources to repair the quality issues identified by the QualityGuard. Inconsistent data quality is not desirable, and data quality requirements will be less strict at first phases of implementation. Some of the issues will be automatically repaired by the software once the process has been established, but the organizations will still receive a notification about data quality issues in any conflicting features. The Finnish NTDB is in a continuous state of development and currently effort is made towards reaching automation, improved data quality and less overlapping work in co-operation with municipalities and other data producers. The QualityGuard has enabled an automated spatial data quality validation process for incoming data and it is currently being evaluated in practice. The results have already been well received by the users. Automating data quality validation is no longer a work of fiction. As indicated earlier we believe this will be a common practice with all SDI datasets in Finland.

The Finnish National Topographic Database (NTDB) is currently developed by the National Land Survey of Finland (NLS) together with municipalities and other governmental agencies. It will be a harmonized database for topographic data in Finland provided by municipalities, the NLS and other agencies. The NTDB has been divided into several themes, of which the buildings theme was the focus in the first stage of development. Data collection for the NTDB is performed by different municipalities and governmental organizations. Having many supplying organizations can lead to inconsistencies in spatial data. Without a robust quality process this could lead to a chaos. Fortunately data quality can be controlled with an automated data quality evaluation process. Reaching a better degree of harmonization across the database is one of the main goals of NTDB in the future, besides reducing the amount of overlapping work and making national topographic data more accessible to all potential users. The aim of the NTDB spatial data management system architecture is to have a modular architecture. Therefore, the Data Quality Module named as QualityGuard can also be utilized in the National Geospatial Platform which will be a key component in the future Spatial Data Infrastructure of Finland. The National Geospatial Platform will include the NTDB data themes but also addresses, detailed plans and other land use information. FME was chosen as the implementation platform of the QualityGuard because it is robust and highly adaptable, allowing development of even the most complicated ETL workflows and spatial applications. This approach allows effortless communication with different applications via various types of interfaces, thus efficiently enabling the modularity requirement in all stages of development and integration. The QualityGuard works in two modes: a) as a part of the import process to NTDB, and b) independently. Users can validate their data using the independent QualityGuard to find possible errors in their data and fix them. Once validated and the data is fixed, data producers can import their data using the import option. The users receive a data quality report containing statistics and a quality error dataset regarding their imported data, which can be inspected in any GIS software, e.g. overlaid on original features. Geographical locations of quality errors are displayed as points. Each error finding produces a row in the error dataset, containing information about the type and cause of the error as short descriptions. Data quality evaluation is based on validating the conformance against data product specifications specified as quality rules. Three different ISO 19157 quality elements are utilized: format consistency, domain consistency and topological consistency. The quality rules have been defined in a co-operation with specialists in the field and the technical developing team. The definition work is based on the concept developed in the ESDIN project, quality specifications of INSPIRE, national topographic database quality specifications, national and international quality recommendations and standards, quality rules developed in European Location Framework (ELF) project and interviews of experts from National Land Survey of Finland and municipalities. In fact the NLS was one of the first agencies in the world who published a quality model for the digital topographic data in 1995. Quality rules are currently documented in spreadsheet documents representing each theme. Each quality rule has been defined using RuleSpeak, a structured notation for expressing business rules. RuleSpeak provides a consistent structure for each definition. The rules are divided in general rules and feature-specific rules. General rules are relevant for all feature types of a specific theme, although exceptions can be defined. A nation-wide, centralized automated spatial data quality process is one of the key elements in an effort towards achieving better harmonization of the NTDB. In principle, the greater aim is to achieve compliance with the auditing process described in ISO 19158. This process is meant to ensure that the supplying organizations are capable of delivering data of expected quality. However, implementing a nation-wide process is rather challenging because municipalities and other organizations might not have the capability or resources to repair the quality issues identified by the QualityGuard. Inconsistent data quality is not desirable, and data quality requirements will be less strict at first phases of implementation. Some of the issues will be automatically repaired by the software once the process has been established, but the organizations will still receive a notification about data quality issues in any conflicting features. The Finnish NTDB is in a continuous state of development and currently effort is made towards reaching automation, improved data quality and less overlapping work in co-operation with municipalities and other data producers. The QualityGuard has enabled an automated spatial data quality validation process for incoming data and it is currently being evaluated in practice. The results have already been well received by the users. Automating data quality validation is no longer a work of fiction. As indicated earlier we believe this will be a common practice with all SDI datasets in Finland.

Геосистеми такого рівня як світове господарство є надзвичайно складними, оскільки являють собою взаємопов'язані структури ланцюгів прямого і зворотного зв'язку. Складним системам властиві специфічні (інколи неочікувані та незрозумілі) реакції – в цьому полягає основна причина невдач і навіть провалів різноманітних спроб поліпшити «поведінку» конк¬ретної геосистеми. Ця обставина робить географічні прогнози дуже складним завданням, але незважаючи на це автор статті намагається зафіксувати провідні тренди галузевої і територіальної структури сучасного світового господарства. Глобальна інформатизація суспільства є магістральним напрямом подальшого розвитку людської цивілізації. Провідними ознаками інформаційного суспільства є радикальне прискорення НТР, падіння ролі матеріального виробництва, пріоритет виробництва послуг над виробництвом товарів, провідна роль інформації у всіх сферах життя суспільства, перевага класу професійних фахівців і техніків, високий рівень організації управління, формування принципово нових технологічних укладів. ; Geosystems of such a level as the world economy are extremely complex, since they represent interconnected structures of direct and reverse nature. Complex systems are characterized by specific (sometimes unexpected and obscure) reactions, and this is the main reason for failures of various attempts to improve the "behavior" of a particular geosystem. This circumstance makes geographical forecasts a very difficult task, but despite this the author of the article tries to capture the leading trends of the sectoral and territorial structure of the modern world economy. In the world economy, the stage (evolutionary) and cyclic time may be distinguished. The world economy in its evolution passed a number of spatial-temporal stages of geographical selection, each of which corresponded to its "center" and its "periphery". The center forms the periphery around itself, attracts the main financial and trading flows, forms a holistic economic space. Then one center changes to another one, thus creating a spatial- temporal trajectory of the formation of a world economy. The modern spatial structure of the world economy is schematically described in a functional sense as "the center – semi-periphery - periphery", in the morphological as "North-South". The morphological model should not be opposed to the functional one, because the "center" is the North, and the "periphery" is the South. An important stabilizing role in the global economy is played by the "semi-periphery". The main stabilization agent is the emerging industrialized countries. The labor force of the highly developed countries of the "center" of the world economy is occupied mainly by informational activity. They create new technologies and produce new knowledge-intensive types of goods. In exchange for services and technology, they receive consumer goods and raw materials manufactured in peripheries and semi-peripheries at relatively low prices. Thus, the world economic system is formed, which is based on new principles of the international division of labor, new living standards and production resources. The level of socio-economic development of countries is determined not so much by natural resources and geographical conditions, but by the innovative activity and the level of usage of scientific and technical achievements in one or another sector of the economy. Nowadays the scientific-technical and intellectual potential has become the most important resource. Countries that have such a potential go to leading positions in the world economy, regardless of the availability or absence of other types of resources. The scientific and technological revolution (STR) is a fundamental qualitative transformation of productive forces, in which science becomes a direct productive force. As a result of the STR there are radical changes in the sectoral and territorial structures of the world economy. Rapid and ambiguous changes, provoked by the violent growth of technological and social progress, cause in society a so-called futureshock, which is a kind of psychological reaction to the events taking place in the modern world. The main features of the STR nowadays are universality and comprehensiveness, constant acceleration, radical change in the role of man in production processes, close connections with military production, etc. The main directions of improvement of production during STR are electronization, complex automation, accelerated development of nuclear energy, production of new materials, the use of biotechnology and cosmization. The main trend in changing the sectoral structure of the world economy is the transition from a high share in the gross domestic product (GDP) of agriculture to increasing the share of mining and manufacturing industries with technically simple production; then to capital and materialintensive industries, and in the future to high-tech industries and services. In the sectoral structure of the manufacturing industry there are changes in favor of sectors of the "avantgarde triplet", in the structure of agriculture in favor of cattle farming, among service industries the highest growth is in the information services sector. The change of "leaders" among factors ofplacement ofproduction in the world economy is as follows: "natural resource transport territorial concentration (agglomeration) ecological". Over the past decades, in highly developed post-industrial countries, the regular structure of the placement of individual industries has become increasingly important in the territorial structure of the economy.

У статті викладені концептуальні положення про можливості застосування методів штучного інте-лекту і інтелектуальних інформаційних технологій при формуванні і реалізації управлінських рішень стосо-вно задач управління функціонуванням і структурою динамікою складних багатоструктурних систем вій-ськового призначення. Розглядаються основні елементи інтелектуальних систем управління, виділяються проблемні аспекти розробки методичних основ створення і застосування нових інтелектуальних інформа-ційних технологій, що призначені для забезпечення управління структурною динамікою складних систем військового призначення. Відмічається, що проблемні аспекти (задачі), що відносяться до інтелектуалізації управління складними багатоструктурними системами військового призначення і їх компонентами, мо-жуть бути розділені на дві основні групи, такі як: група проблемних аспектів (задач) інтелектуалізації управління окремими, відносно автономними компонентами складних багатоструктурних систем, що ви-рішують локальні цільові задачі, використовують, як за правило, свої обмежені ресурси; група проблемних аспектів (системних задач) інтелектуалізації управління складними багатокомпонентними (багатостру-ктурними), просторово розподіленими системами різного оперативно-стратегічного масштабу (структу-рно-просторового розподілення і функціональної орієнтованості) з урахуванням взаємно узгодженої взає-модії структурно-функціональних компонентів. Зміст процесу управління має бути такий, щоб управлінсь-кі рішення, що приймаються у відповідності з обстановкою, при спільному узгодженому використанні традиційних і інтелектуальних технологій підтримки прийняття управлінських рішень, займали у цьому процесі центральне місце. ; В статье изложены концептуальные положения о возможностях использования методов искусственного интел- лекта и интеллектуальных информационных технологий при формировании и реализации управленческих решений при- менительно к задачам управления функционированием и структурой динамикой сложных многоструктурных систем военного назначения. Рассмотрены основные элементы интеллектуальных систем управления, выделены проблемные аспекты разработки методических основ создания и применения новых интеллектуальных информационных техноло- гий, предназначенных для обеспечения управления структурной динамикой сложных систем военного назначения. От- мечено, что проблемные аспекты (задачи), связанные с интеллектуализацией управления сложными многоструктур- ными системами военного назначения и их компонентами, можно разделить на две основные группы, такие как: группа проблемных аспектов (задач) интеллектуализации управления отдельными, относительно автономными компонента- ми сложных многоструктурных систем, которые решают локальные целевые задачи, используют, как правило, их ограниченные ресурсы; группа проблемных аспектов (системных задач) интеллектуализации управления сложными многокомпонентными (многоструктурными), пространственно распределенными системами различного оперативно- стратегического масштаба (структурно-пространственного распределения и функциональной направленности) с учетом взаимосогласованного взаимодействия их структурно-функциональных компонентов. Содержание процесса управления должно быть таким, чтобы управленческие решения, принимаемые в соответствии с обстановкой при совместном согласованном использовании традиционных и интеллектуальных технологий поддержки принятия управ- ленческих решений, занимали в этом процессе центральное место. ; The article outlines the conceptual provisions on the possibilities of using methods of artificial intelligence and intellectual in-formation technologies in the formation and implementation of managerial decisions in relation to the tasks of managing the func-tioning and structure of the dynamics of complex multi-structural military systems. The main elements of intellectual control systems are considered, the problematic aspects of the development of methodical foundations for the creation and application of new intel-ligent information technologies that are intended to provide control over the structural dynamics of complex military applications are highlighted. It is noted that the problematic aspects (tasks) related to the intellectualization of management of complex multi-structural military systems and their components can be divided into two main groups, such as: the group of problem aspects (tasks) of intellectualization of management of separate, relatively autonomous components of complex multisystem systems that solve local target tasks, use, as a rule, their limited resources; group of problem aspects (system tasks) of intellectualization of management of complex multicomponent (multistructural), spatially distributed systems of different operational-strategic scale (structural-spatial distribution and functional orientation) taking into account mutually coordinated interactions of structural and functional compo-nents. The contents of the management process should be such that managerial decisions taken in accordance with the situation, with the coordinated use of traditional and intellectual technologies to support management decision-making, were central to this process. The current stage of development of military control systems, on the one hand, is characterized by an improvement in the quality of processing and transmission of information, reflecting the possibility of intellectualization of complexes of automation means into a single system. On the other hand, it is characterized by the need to translate BATs that have high quality of manage-ment decisions, especially in times of scarcity. At the same time, the use of distributed data processing will help to improve all the main functional characteristics of the AU U, which determine the efficiency, stability and continuity of management and the quality of processing of management decisions. One of the main areas of application of information technology should include providing them with the help of data processing properties of intelligence and the use of principles of intellectual management. In this case, the solution to the problem of management intellectualization should be based on a combined approach, which involves the combination of traditional intellectual methods and technologies of management decisions in terms of risk determination, uncertainty and fuzzy information about the management object and the environment.

ABSTRAKTeknologi mulai diterapkan di berbagai instansi pemerintahan seluruh Indonesia, salah satunya adalah Dinas Koperasi, Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Tuban. Pada prakteknya Dinas Koperasi, Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Tuban memadukan sistem informasi dengan sebuah layanan, inovasi layanan tersebut bernama Sistem Informasi Layanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasar (SILADAMAS). Adanya SILADAMAS berfungsi untuk lebih memaksimalkan monitoring dan evaluasi pengelolaan pasar terutama memudahkan dalam perencanaan dan pengambilan kebijakan pengembangan pasar serta otomatisasi pelayanan manajemen pengelolaan pasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas Sistem Informasi Layanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasar (SILADAMAS) di Dinas Koperasi, Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Tuban untuk peningkatan pendapatan retribusi pasar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data model interaktif yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas Sistem Informasi Layanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasar (SILADAMAS) di Dinas Koperasi, Perindustrian, dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Tuban untuk peningkatan pendapatan retribusi pasar terlaksana dengan efektif. Dikatakan efektif karena sejak diterapkannya Sistem Informasi Layanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasar (SILADAMAS) pada tahun 2015, dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi dalam pengelolaan manajemen pasar daerah di Dinas Koperasi, Perindustrian, dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Tuban, yang mana sebelum adanya Sistem Informasi Layanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasar (SILADAMAS), pengelolaan data pedagang masih dilakukan secara manual dan juga sistem pembayaran retribusi pasar juga masih belum terkontrol dengan baik. Akan tetapi, setelah adanya Sistem Informasi Layanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasar (SILADAMAS) ini dapat memudahkan administrator Siladamas, operator pasar, serta pedagang pasar dalam menghasilkan informasi yang transparan dan akuntabel. Hambatan yang muncul pada penerapan Sistem Informasi Layanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasar (SILADAMAS) sebagian besar dikarenakan dari masyarakat pasar sendiri yang kurang memahami perkembangan teknologi informasi. Saran untuk penerapan SILADAMAS kedepannya yaitu adanya inovasi pelayanan pengelolaan berbasis teknologi informasi diharapkan dapat berkelanjutan untuk diterapkan dan direplikasikan untuk pasar-pasar daerah yang lain pada obyek pendapatan yang lain. Sehingga penarikan pembayaran retribusi tidak dilaksanakan secara manual namun memanfaatkan teknologi informasi untuk perolehan PAD yang lebih optimal. Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Sistem Informasi Layanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasar (SILADAMAS), Retribusi Pasar ABSTRACT Technology began to be applied in various government institutions throughout Indonesia, one of them is Department of Cooperatives, Industry and Trade of Tuban District. In practice on Department of Cooperatives, Industry and Trade of Tuban District combines information systems with a service, the service innovation was name Service Information Systems and Market Community Empowerment (SILADAMAS). The existance of SILADAMAS function to maximize market management monitoring and evaluation especially to facilitate the planning and policy making of market development and the automation of market management services. The purpose of this study is to describe the effectiveness of the Service Information Systems and Market Community Empowerment (SILADAMAS) in the Department of Cooperatives, Industry and Trade of Tuban District to increase market retribution revenues. The type of research used in this study is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data analysis technique in this study uses an interactive model data analysis consisting of data collection, data reduction, data display and conclution drawn through interviews and documentation studies. The result of the study showed that the effectiveness of the Service Information Systems and Market Community Empowerment (SILADAMAS) in Department of Cooperatives, Industry and Trade of Tuban District for increasing market lexy income was implemented effectively. It is effective because since the implementation of the Service Information Systems and Market Community Empowerment (SILADAMAS) in 2015, it can overcome the problems that occur in regional market management in the Department of Cooperatives, Industry and Trade of Tuban District, which prior to the Service Information Systems and Market Community Empowerment (SILADAMAS), merchant data management is still done manually and also the market retribution payment system is still not well controlled. However, after the existance of the Service Information Systems and Market Community Empowerment (SILADAMAS) it can facilitate Siladamas administrators, market operators, and market traders in producing transparent and accountable information. The obstacles that arise on implementation of the Service Information Systems and Market Community Empowerment (SILADAMAS) are largely due to the market community itself who lacks understanding of the development of the information technology. The suggestion for the implementation of SILADAMAS in the future is the innovation of information technology-based management services are expected to be sustainable to be applied and repricated for other regional markets in other income objects. So that the withdrawal of payment retribution is not carried out manually but utilizes information technology to obtain more optimal local revenue. Keywords: Effectiveness, Service Information Systems and Market Community Empowerment (SILADAMAS), Market Retribution

Досліджено проблеми формування і розвитку системи надання адміністративних послуг, визначено основні тенденції удосконалення системи надання адміністративних послуг в Україні як умови забезпечення ефективності впровадження електронних послуг. ; Problem setting. Quality of administrative services is an important factor in ensuring the proper living conditions for citizens. In present-day conditions of reforming the socio-economic system of Ukraine and developing an information and innovation society, the state-society relations are being improved through information and communication technologies. In 2006, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the Concept for development of the administrative services system by executive authorities, and today this issue has become one of the priorities in state policy.It has been six years since the Law of Ukraine On Administrative Services was adopted, and despite many progressive developments in this area, the current state of administrative services, including electronic services, and development of this system in general, requires further improvement steps both from the state bodies and local self-government bodies.Recent research and publications analysis. Both domestic and foreign scientists such as V. Averyanov, I. Koliushko, Ye. Kurinyi, R. Kuybida, N. Nyzhnyk, V. Tymoschuk, V. Tsypuk, A. Chemerys and others devoted their researches to the system of administrative services in Ukraine, directions of its development and improvement.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problems. The objective of the paper is to study the main trends of the information society development in Ukraine and identify the main directions of further development of administrative services system.Paper main body. Since the conceptual framework of state policy in the area of administrative services provision was adopted, a number of important steps have been taken towards the implementation of key principles and objectives for development of this area. The number and quality of administrative services in administrative service centers tends to improve annually, however, today some aspects of work of such centers, working in the single window format, need to be improved.Despite the fact that the Law On Administrative Services provides for measures to inform citizens about the services provision at the Center for Administration Services, a number of centers do not have their own website, and have not posted information about their activities on the Unified State Administration Services Portal. An important step towards development of the system for administrative services was the Order No. 918-p adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 16, 2016, which approved the Concept for development of the electronic services system in Ukraine. This concept defines the main directions, mechanisms and stages of an effective system for administrative and other public services in electronic form in Ukraine.It should be noted that the service quality in the centers for administrative services in different cities, as well as the volume of such services, in particular the most popular among citizens administrative services of executive power bodies, are different.Ensuring the qualitative administrative services requires constant monitoring and control over the work of the Center for Administration Services. This task has been entrusted to the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine. The Ministry's monitoring includes a number of criteria that enable to assess the work of the centers and convenience of their services, such as, for example, information about the premises of the centers, the volume of administrative services provided through them, in particular the services of central executive bodies; the provision of related services in the centers, the availability of electronic services, the process state of connecting these centers to the main state registers, etc.An important point in improving the administrative services is the feedback from citizens, who are consumers of administrative services; it is essential to quality assessment. Different forms of feedback allow the subject of administrative services provision to receive information about the interests and needs of citizens-consumers of services, identify service disadvantages and areas for services improving in accordance with the needs of consumers. Feedback from citizens for the purpose of research and public opinion in the provision of services is an integral part of the activity of centers for administrative services in the countries of the European Union. It is obligatory to monitor such centers activities; it shall be carried out by the municipal authorities on a regular basis.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Thus, the priority tasks and directions of the state policy in administrative services should be:1. Further decentralization of administrative services and development of administrative services network.2. Implementation of information and communication technology into administrative services and automation of administrative services delivery system. In particular, development of electronic services, on-line counseling, preliminary electronic record, electronic queue, electronic document circulation.3. Improving the quality of administrative services. In particular, introduction and improvement of administrative services standard, feedback from the consumer, involvement of citizens-consumers of services in controlling the quality of administrative services, improving the methodology for monitoring and evaluating the quality of administrative services provision.

Досліджено проблеми формування і розвитку системи надання адміністративних послуг, визначено основні тенденції удосконалення системи надання адміністративних послуг в Україні як умови забезпечення ефективності впровадження електронних послуг. ; Problem setting. Quality of administrative services is an important factor in ensuring the proper living conditions for citizens. In present-day conditions of reforming the socio-economic system of Ukraine and developing an information and innovation society, the state-society relations are being improved through information and communication technologies. In 2006, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the Concept for development of the administrative services system by executive authorities, and today this issue has become one of the priorities in state policy.It has been six years since the Law of Ukraine On Administrative Services was adopted, and despite many progressive developments in this area, the current state of administrative services, including electronic services, and development of this system in general, requires further improvement steps both from the state bodies and local self-government bodies.Recent research and publications analysis. Both domestic and foreign scientists such as V. Averyanov, I. Koliushko, Ye. Kurinyi, R. Kuybida, N. Nyzhnyk, V. Tymoschuk, V. Tsypuk, A. Chemerys and others devoted their researches to the system of administrative services in Ukraine, directions of its development and improvement.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problems. The objective of the paper is to study the main trends of the information society development in Ukraine and identify the main directions of further development of administrative services system.Paper main body. Since the conceptual framework of state policy in the area of administrative services provision was adopted, a number of important steps have been taken towards the implementation of key principles and objectives for development of this area. The number and quality of administrative services in administrative service centers tends to improve annually, however, today some aspects of work of such centers, working in the single window format, need to be improved.Despite the fact that the Law On Administrative Services provides for measures to inform citizens about the services provision at the Center for Administration Services, a number of centers do not have their own website, and have not posted information about their activities on the Unified State Administration Services Portal. An important step towards development of the system for administrative services was the Order No. 918-p adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 16, 2016, which approved the Concept for development of the electronic services system in Ukraine. This concept defines the main directions, mechanisms and stages of an effective system for administrative and other public services in electronic form in Ukraine.It should be noted that the service quality in the centers for administrative services in different cities, as well as the volume of such services, in particular the most popular among citizens administrative services of executive power bodies, are different.Ensuring the qualitative administrative services requires constant monitoring and control over the work of the Center for Administration Services. This task has been entrusted to the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine. The Ministry's monitoring includes a number of criteria that enable to assess the work of the centers and convenience of their services, such as, for example, information about the premises of the centers, the volume of administrative services provided through them, in particular the services of central executive bodies; the provision of related services in the centers, the availability of electronic services, the process state of connecting these centers to the main state registers, etc.An important point in improving the administrative services is the feedback from citizens, who are consumers of administrative services; it is essential to quality assessment. Different forms of feedback allow the subject of administrative services provision to receive information about the interests and needs of citizens-consumers of services, identify service disadvantages and areas for services improving in accordance with the needs of consumers. Feedback from citizens for the purpose of research and public opinion in the provision of services is an integral part of the activity of centers for administrative services in the countries of the European Union. It is obligatory to monitor such centers activities; it shall be carried out by the municipal authorities on a regular basis.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Thus, the priority tasks and directions of the state policy in administrative services should be:1. Further decentralization of administrative services and development of administrative services network.2. Implementation of information and communication technology into administrative services and automation of administrative services delivery system. In particular, development of electronic services, on-line counseling, preliminary electronic record, electronic queue, electronic document circulation.3. Improving the quality of administrative services. In particular, introduction and improvement of administrative services standard, feedback from the consumer, involvement of citizens-consumers of services in controlling the quality of administrative services, improving the methodology for monitoring and evaluating the quality of administrative services provision.

Similarly to marine mammals, mankind has developed sonar systems which are able to perceive underwater environments on a range of distances and with more or less detail, depending on its needs. The need addressed in this manuscript is automatic underwater target (ATR) recognition, whether the target is laying on the seafloor or floating in the water column. The chronology of the work which is presented shows how sonar systems and underlying algorithms have progressively been improved in order to adapt to new threats, from the stealthy mines of the 90s to the improvised explosive devices of today. To counter these threats using side-scan or synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) data, two topics in particular are discussed: first, a new mine-hunting ATR approach which takes into consideration the environment in the vicinity of the target; second, the analysis and use of repeat-pass SAS data acquired in a monitoring context in order to perform change detection. Apart from the detection of targets lying on the seabed, obstacle detection issues have more recently been tackled in order to allow underwater drones to operate in complete safety whatever the depth. For each type of mission –seabed tracking, obstacle detection and tracking in the water column, and vehicle surfacing–, the combination of configuration and mode of the obstacle-avoidance sonar systems, and dedicated algorithms are described.The body of work presented is based on high-frequency sonar imaging, ranging from side-scan sonars to forward-looking sonars, and most of it is the result of various collaborations. Initially intended for operators, the use of sonar images needs to be adapted to an increasing quantity of data to be processed, and to the increasing automation of tasks aboard underwater drones. The stealth, flexibility and safety of these small-size vehicles open up new opportunities both of missions and of choice of relevant imaging and navigation sensors, not only in the military but also in the civilian domain. More generally, this adaptation process to underwater mobile robotics will require the analysis of perception-action mechanisms in an uncertain and unstructured environment, with limited communication. ; A l'instar des mammifères marins, l'homme a développé des systèmes sonar capables de percevoir l'environnement marin sur des distances plus ou moins longues et avec plus ou moins de détails en fonction de ses besoins. Le principal besoin traité dans ce travail préparé pour l'habilitation à diriger les recherches est la reconnaissance automatique de cibles sous-marines (plus connue sous l'acronyme ATR pour Automatic Target Recognition), qu'elles soient posées sur le fond ou flottantes entre deux eaux.La chronologie de la sélection de travaux présentés suit le perfectionnement au fil des années des systèmes d'imagerie et des algorithmes de traitement associés pour répondre à l'évolution de la menace, depuis les mines furtives des années 90 aux engins explosifs improvisés d'aujourd'hui. Pour contrer ces menaces à partir de données sonar latéral ou sonar à antenne synthétique (dites données SAS pour Synthetic Aperture Sonar), deux points sont en particulier exposés : une nouvelle approche de l'ATR pour les missions de chasse aux mines qui passe par la qualification de l'environnement proche de la mine d'une part, la compréhension et l'exploitation de données SAS acquises lors de passes répétitives pour la mise en œuvre d'algorithmes de détection (incohérente puis cohérente) de changements dans un contexte de surveillance d'autre part. Outre la reconnaissance de cibles sur le fond marin, la problématique de la détection d'obstacles s'est imposée plus récemment afin de permettre à des drones sous-marins d'autonomie croissante de mener leur mission en toute sécurité et ce, quelle que soit leur immersion. Dans ce manuscrit, la configuration et le mode des systèmes sonar d'évitement, de même que les algorithmes dédiés à chaque mission - suivi de fond, pistage d'obstacles dans la colonne d'eau, et enfin reprise de vue-, sont discutés.La synthèse des travaux effectuée pour cette habilitation à diriger les recherches repose ainsi sur l'exploitation des systèmes d'imagerie sonar haute fréquence (HF), des sonars latéraux aux sonars frontaux, et est le plus souvent le fruit de diverses collaborations. Initialement destiné aux opérateurs, l'usage des images sonar HF est aujourd'hui à adapter face au flot croissant de données à traiter et à l'automatisation progressive des tâches à bord de drones sous-marins. La discrétion, la souplesse et la sécurité de ces véhicules ouvrent de nombreuses possibilités en termes de missions et d'utilisation de capteurs ad hoc d'imagerie et de navigation, y compris pour le domaine civil. Plus globalement, cette adaptation à la robotique mobile sous-marine exigera l'étude des mécanismes de perception-action dans un environnement incertain et peu structuré avec une communication limitée.

У статті досліджено підходи вчених до визначення типів логістичних інновацій та напрямів інноваційного розвитку в логістиці. Проаналізовано світові тенденції розвитку цифрових технологій та використання соціальних мереж. Досліджено конкурентні переваги традиційних та «дигітальних» бізнес-формувань. Визначено тенденції розвитку Логістики 4.0. Узагальнено десять основних напрямів дигіталізації в інноваційному розвитку Логістики 4.0, які можна поділити на три групи: обробка даних, співробітництво (пулінг) та автоматизація. До напрямів дигіталізації віднесено Вig data, Internet of things, Open data, цифрове злиття фірм, Crowd-рішення для останньої милі, роботизація транспорту і складування, 3D-друк, екзоскелети, технології Blockchain і смарт-контрактів, технології Machine Learning. Здійснено оцінку проблем, переваг і перспектив застосування Вig data у функціональних сферах логістики. Розглянуто роль технологій Internet of things в логістичних компаніях. Запропоновано створити регістри логістичних даних Open data з візуалізацією інформації, що значно підвищить ефективність аутсорсингу в логістиці, які можуть фінансуватися за рахунок державної допомоги та краудфандингу (колективного співробітництва логістичних фірм). Наведено приклади цифрового злиття фірм. Розглянуто використання краудсорсингу в логістиці та його переваги. Уточнено види роботизованих пристроїв, які можуть застосовуватися в логістичних компаніях, перспективи і наслідки їх застосування. Розглянуто можливості застосування 3D-друку та екзоскелетів в логістичних операціях. Здійснено аналіз застосування технологій Blockchain в логістичних організаціях. Обґрунтовано переваги і перспективи застосування технологій Blockchain і смарт-контрактів у дотриманні принципів логістики. Оцінено переваги застосування Machine Learning в удосконаленні управління в таких функціональних сферах як закупівельна логістика, управління запасами, складська логістика, логістика збуту, розподільча логістика. Запропоновано впровадження вказаних напрямів в логістику українськими бізнес-формуваннями, що дозволить їм досягти значних конкурентних переваг. ; The scientist's approaches to determining of logistic innovations types and directions of innovative development in logistics are investigated in the article. The world tendencies of digital technologies development and social networks using are analyzed. The competitive advantages of traditional and «digital» business formations are investigated. The development trends of Logistics 4.0 are determined. Ten main directions of digitization in the Logistics 4.0 innovative development, which can be divided into three groups: data processing, collaboration (pooling) and automation, are highlighted. These directions include Big data, Internet of things, Open data, digital merging firms, Crowd-solutions for the last mile, transport and storage robotization, 3D printing, exoskeletons, Block chain technology and smart contracts, Machine Learning technology. The problems, advantages and application prospects of Вig data estimation in the logistics functional spheres have been carried out. The role of Internet of things technologies in logistics companies is considered. Open data logistic data registers creating with information visualization are proposed, which will significantly increase of outsourcing efficiency in logistics, and can be financed through government assistance and Crowd funding (collective cooperation of logistics companies). Examples of firm's digital merger are given. The crowd sourcing using in logistics and its advantages are considered. The robotic devices types, which can be used by logistics companies, prospects and their application implications, are clarified. The possibilities of 3D-printing and exoskeletons using in logistic operations are considered. The Block chain technologies application analysis in logistics organizations have been carried out. The advantages and Block chain technologies and smart contracts using perspectives in compliance of the logistics principles are substantiated. The advantages of Machine Learning using in management improving in such of logistics functional spheres, as purchasing logistics, inventory management, warehouse logistics, marketing logistics, and distribution logistics, are estimated. It was proposed these directions implementation in logistics by Ukrainian business entities, which will allow them to achieve significant competitive advantages. ; В статье исследованы подходы ученых к определению типов логистических инноваций и направлений инновационного развития в логистике. Проанализированы мировые тенденции развития цифровых технологий и использования социальных сетей. Исследованы конкурентные преимущества традиционных и «дигитальных» бизнес-формирований. Определены тенденции развития Логистики 4.0. Выделены десять основных направлений дигитализации в инновационном развитии Логистики 4.0, которые можно разделить на три группы: обработка данных, сотрудничество (пулинг) и автоматизация. К данным направлениям отнесены Вig data, Internet of things, Open data, цифровое слияние фирм, Crowd-решения для последней мили, роботизация транспорта и складирования, 3D-печать, экзоскелеты, технологии Blockchain и смарт-контрактов, технологии Machine Learning. Проведена оценка проблем, преимуществ и перспектив применения Вig data в функциональных сферах логистики. Рассмотрена роль технологий Internet of things в логистических компаниях. Предложено создание регистров логистических данных Open data с визуализацией информации, что значительно повысит эффективность аутсорсинга в логистике, и может финансироваться за счет государственной помощи и краудфандинга (коллективного сотрудничества логистических фирм). Приведены примеры цифрового слияния фирм. Рассмотрено использование краудсорсинга в логистике и его преимущества. Уточнены виды роботизированных устройств, которые могут применяться в логистических компаниях, перспективы и последствия их применения. Рассмотрены возможности применения 3D-печати и экзоскелетов в логистических операциях. Проведен анализ применения технологий Blockchain в логистических организациях. Обоснованы преимущества и перспективы применения технологий Blockchain и смарт- контрактов в соблюдении принципов логистики. Оценены преимущества применения Machine Learning в совершенствовании управления в таких функциональных сферах как закупочная логистика, управление запасами, складская логистика, логистика сбыта, распределительная логистика. Предложено внедрение указанных направлений в логистику украинских бизнес-формирований, что позволит им добиться значительных конкурентных преимуществ.

У статті досліджено підходи вчених до визначення типів логістичних інновацій та напрямів інноваційного розвитку в логістиці. Проаналізовано світові тенденції розвитку цифрових технологій та використання соціальних мереж. Досліджено конкурентні переваги традиційних та «дигітальних» бізнес-формувань. Визначено тенденції розвитку Логістики 4.0. Узагальнено десять основних напрямів дигіталізації в інноваційному розвитку Логістики 4.0, які можна поділити на три групи: обробка даних, співробітництво (пулінг) та автоматизація. До напрямів дигіталізації віднесено Вig data, Internet of things, Open data, цифрове злиття фірм, Crowd-рішення для останньої милі, роботизація транспорту і складування, 3D-друк, екзоскелети, технології Blockchain і смарт-контрактів, технології Machine Learning. Здійснено оцінку проблем, переваг і перспектив застосування Вig data у функціональних сферах логістики. Розглянуто роль технологій Internet of things в логістичних компаніях. Запропоновано створити регістри логістичних даних Open data з візуалізацією інформації, що значно підвищить ефективність аутсорсингу в логістиці, які можуть фінансуватися за рахунок державної допомоги та краудфандингу (колективного співробітництва логістичних фірм). Наведено приклади цифрового злиття фірм. Розглянуто використання краудсорсингу в логістиці та його переваги. Уточнено види роботизованих пристроїв, які можуть застосовуватися в логістичних компаніях, перспективи і наслідки їх застосування. Розглянуто можливості застосування 3D-друку та екзоскелетів в логістичних операціях. Здійснено аналіз застосування технологій Blockchain в логістичних організаціях. Обґрунтовано переваги і перспективи застосування технологій Blockchain і смарт-контрактів у дотриманні принципів логістики. Оцінено переваги застосування Machine Learning в удосконаленні управління в таких функціональних сферах як закупівельна логістика, управління запасами, складська логістика, логістика збуту, розподільча логістика. Запропоновано впровадження вказаних напрямів в логістику українськими бізнес-формуваннями, що дозволить їм досягти значних конкурентних переваг. ; The scientist's approaches to determining of logistic innovations types and directions of innovative development in logistics are investigated in the article. The world tendencies of digital technologies development and social networks using are analyzed. The competitive advantages of traditional and «digital» business formations are investigated. The development trends of Logistics 4.0 are determined. Ten main directions of digitization in the Logistics 4.0 innovative development, which can be divided into three groups: data processing, collaboration (pooling) and automation, are highlighted. These directions include Big data, Internet of things, Open data, digital merging firms, Crowd-solutions for the last mile, transport and storage robotization, 3D printing, exoskeletons, Block chain technology and smart contracts, Machine Learning technology. The problems, advantages and application prospects of Вig data estimation in the logistics functional spheres have been carried out. The role of Internet of things technologies in logistics companies is considered. Open data logistic data registers creating with information visualization are proposed, which will significantly increase of outsourcing efficiency in logistics, and can be financed through government assistance and Crowd funding (collective cooperation of logistics companies). Examples of firm's digital merger are given. The crowd sourcing using in logistics and its advantages are considered. The robotic devices types, which can be used by logistics companies, prospects and their application implications, are clarified. The possibilities of 3D-printing and exoskeletons using in logistic operations are considered. The Block chain technologies application analysis in logistics organizations have been carried out. The advantages and Block chain technologies and smart contracts using perspectives in compliance of the logistics principles are substantiated. The advantages of Machine Learning using in management improving in such of logistics functional spheres, as purchasing logistics, inventory management, warehouse logistics, marketing logistics, and distribution logistics, are estimated. It was proposed these directions implementation in logistics by Ukrainian business entities, which will allow them to achieve significant competitive advantages. ; В статье исследованы подходы ученых к определению типов логистических инноваций и направлений инновационного развития в логистике. Проанализированы мировые тенденции развития цифровых технологий и использования социальных сетей. Исследованы конкурентные преимущества традиционных и «дигитальных» бизнес-формирований. Определены тенденции развития Логистики 4.0. Выделены десять основных направлений дигитализации в инновационном развитии Логистики 4.0, которые можно разделить на три группы: обработка данных, сотрудничество (пулинг) и автоматизация. К данным направлениям отнесены Вig data, Internet of things, Open data, цифровое слияние фирм, Crowd-решения для последней мили, роботизация транспорта и складирования, 3D-печать, экзоскелеты, технологии Blockchain и смарт-контрактов, технологии Machine Learning. Проведена оценка проблем, преимуществ и перспектив применения Вig data в функциональных сферах логистики. Рассмотрена роль технологий Internet of things в логистических компаниях. Предложено создание регистров логистических данных Open data с визуализацией информации, что значительно повысит эффективность аутсорсинга в логистике, и может финансироваться за счет государственной помощи и краудфандинга (коллективного сотрудничества логистических фирм). Приведены примеры цифрового слияния фирм. Рассмотрено использование краудсорсинга в логистике и его преимущества. Уточнены виды роботизированных устройств, которые могут применяться в логистических компаниях, перспективы и последствия их применения. Рассмотрены возможности применения 3D-печати и экзоскелетов в логистических операциях. Проведен анализ применения технологий Blockchain в логистических организациях. Обоснованы преимущества и перспективы применения технологий Blockchain и смарт- контрактов в соблюдении принципов логистики. Оценены преимущества применения Machine Learning в совершенствовании управления в таких функциональных сферах как закупочная логистика, управление запасами, складская логистика, логистика сбыта, распределительная логистика. Предложено внедрение указанных направлений в логистику украинских бизнес-формирований, что позволит им добиться значительных конкурентных преимуществ.