Suchergebnisse

The government of Salvador Allende a empted to replace the traditional Chilean foreign policy of alignment with one of the blocks of the Cold War and its "ideological borders," with a new international policy of "ideological pluralism," aiming to establish new commercial and diplomatic relations between different countries, regardless of their national political regimes. This policy involved the defense of the principles and objectives of the so-called Third World, which included proposals to: reform the international financial order; promote Latin American integration, especially of the Andean countries; improve Chile's relationship with three neighboring countries and negotiate border disputes; and create a judicial entity to face hostility from the U.S. government. The development of this new foreign policy was interrupted by the coup d'état. Nevertheless, four decades later, it gained importance, and this policy became a reference for many Latin American governments. Spanish
El gobierno de Salvador Allende intentó reemplazar la tradicional política exterior chilena de alineamiento con uno de los bloques de la Guerra Fría y sus "fronteras ideológicas", por una nueva política internacional de "pluralismo ideológico", lo que significa establecer relaciones diplomáticas y comerciales con todos los países del mundo, independientemente del régimen interno que los rija. Tal política implica la defensa de los principios y objetivos del entonces llamado "Tercer Mundo", la cual incluye proposiciones para reformar el orden financiero internacional; la promoción de la integración latinoamericana, particularmente la de los países andinos; relaciones cuidadosas con tres vecinos negociando los litigios fronterizos; y la búsqueda de una instancia jurídica para afrontar la hostilidad del gobierno estadounidense. Pese a que la mayor parte de esta nueva política internacional quedó sólo en sus inicios pues fue interrumpida por el golpe de Estado, cuatro décadas más tarde ha cobrado actualidad, transformándose en una referencia para varios gobiernos de la región. French
Le gouvernement de Salvador Allende a essayé de remplacer l'alignement traditionnel de la politique étrangère du Chili avec l'un des blocs de la guerre froide et de ses «frontières idéologiques», par une nouvelle politique internationale du «pluralisme idéologique». Autrement dit, établir des relations diplomatiques et commerciales avec tous les pays, indépendamment de leurs régimes politiques propres. Une telle politique impliquait la défense des principes et objectifs de ce qu'on appelait alors «Tiers Monde», qui comprend des propositions visant à réformer l'ordre financier international; la promotion de l'intégration latino-américaine, en particulier celle des pays andins ; l'entretien des relations chaleureuses avec ses trois voisins concernant la négociation des différends frontaliers; et l'instauration d'une instance juridique destinée à faire face à l'hostilité du gouvernement des Etats-Unis. Bien que l'essentiel de cette nouvelle politique étrangère fût esseulée à ses débuts puis interrompue par un coup d'Etat, quatre décennies plus tard elle est devenue d'actualité, tout en s'imposant comme une référence pour de nombreux gouvernements de la région.

As a result of the Diplomatic Conference on Wills held at Washington D.C., October 16-26, 1973, the "Convention Providing A Uniform Law On The Form Of An International Will" was set down. "The Uniform Law On the Form Of An International Will" appears as an annex to the Convention. The preamble to the Convention enunciates the purpose of the Convention and Uniform Law as a desire "to provide to a greater extent for the respecting of last wills by establishing an additional form of will, hereinafter to be called an 'international will', which, if employed, would dispense to some extent with the search for the applicable law". At present, the law in most provinces states that the court is to look, if necessary, to a number of law-areas to determine the formal validity of a will. The majority of provinces follow, in this respect, either verbatim or approximately, a scheme laid down in the proposed Uniform Wills Act, Part II (Conflict of Laws), adopted by the Conference of Commissioners on Uniformity of Legislation, and recommended for enactment in 1953.

As a result of the Diplomatic Conference on Wills held at Washington D.C., October 16-26, 1973, the "Convention Providing A Uniform Law On The Form Of An International Will" was set down. "The Uniform Law On the Form Of An International Will" appears as an annex to the Convention. The preamble to the Convention enunciates the purpose of the Convention and Uniform Law as a desire "to provide to a greater extent for the respecting of last wills by establishing an additional form of will, hereinafter to be called an 'international will', which, if employed, would dispense to some extent with the search for the applicable law". At present, the law in most provinces states that the court is to look, if necessary, to a number of law-areas to determine the formal validity of a will. The majority of provinces follow, in this respect, either verbatim or approximately, a scheme laid down in the proposed Uniform Wills Act, Part II (Conflict of Laws), adopted by the Conference of Commissioners on Uniformity of Legislation, and recommended for enactment in 1953.

As a result of the Diplomatic Conference on Wills held at Washington D.C., October 16-26, 1973, the "Convention Providing A Uniform Law On The Form Of An International Will" was set down. "The Uniform Law On the Form Of An International Will" appears as an annex to the Convention. The preamble to the Convention enunciates the purpose of the Convention and Uniform Law as a desire "to provide to a greater extent for the respecting of last wills by establishing an additional form of will, hereinafter to be called an 'international will', which, if employed, would dispense to some extent with the search for the applicable law". At present, the law in most provinces states that the court is to look, if necessary, to a number of law-areas to determine the formal validity of a will. The majority of provinces follow, in this respect, either verbatim or approximately, a scheme laid down in the proposed Uniform Wills Act, Part II (Conflict of Laws), adopted by the Conference of Commissioners on Uniformity of Legislation, and recommended for enactment in 1953.

As a result of the Diplomatic Conference on Wills held at Washington D.C., October 16-26, 1973, the "Convention Providing A Uniform Law On The Form Of An International Will" was set down. "The Uniform Law On the Form Of An International Will" appears as an annex to the Convention. The preamble to the Convention enunciates the purpose of the Convention and Uniform Law as a desire "to provide to a greater extent for the respecting of last wills by establishing an additional form of will, hereinafter to be called an 'international will', which, if employed, would dispense to some extent with the search for the applicable law". At present, the law in most provinces states that the court is to look, if necessary, to a number of law-areas to determine the formal validity of a will. The majority of provinces follow, in this respect, either verbatim or approximately, a scheme laid down in the proposed Uniform Wills Act, Part II (Conflict of Laws), adopted by the Conference of Commissioners on Uniformity of Legislation, and recommended for enactment in 1953.

As a result of the Diplomatic Conference on Wills held at Washington D.C., October 16-26, 1973, the "Convention Providing A Uniform Law On The Form Of An International Will" was set down. "The Uniform Law On the Form Of An International Will" appears as an annex to the Convention. The preamble to the Convention enunciates the purpose of the Convention and Uniform Law as a desire "to provide to a greater extent for the respecting of last wills by establishing an additional form of will, hereinafter to be called an 'international will', which, if employed, would dispense to some extent with the search for the applicable law". At present, the law in most provinces states that the court is to look, if necessary, to a number of law-areas to determine the formal validity of a will. The majority of provinces follow, in this respect, either verbatim or approximately, a scheme laid down in the proposed Uniform Wills Act, Part II (Conflict of Laws), adopted by the Conference of Commissioners on Uniformity of Legislation, and recommended for enactment in 1953.

The past decade has seen a sustained move by students of international institutions and organizations to viewing their subject matter as independent variables affecting state interests and policy. Conceptually, this has put a premium on identifying the mechanisms connecting institutions to states; methodologically, there has been a growing concern with measuring process. In this paper, I survey empirical applications where international institutions are claimed to be influencing state-level action through various processes and mechanisms. The move to process and to the method of process tracing has been salutary, I argue, producing rich and analytically rigorous studies that demonstrate the multiple roles -good and bad- institutions play in global politics. At the same time, challenges remain. In terms of design, scholars often fail to address the problem of equifinality -where multiple causal pathways may lead to the same outcome- and instead conduct process tracing only on their preferred argument. Theoretically, the power and generalizability of arguments about institutions seem to decrease as the focus shifts to process. Finally, the potential for process tracing to help scholars produce integrative frameworks about international institutions -combining insights from different social-theoretic toolkits- remains unfulfilled. (author's abstract)