Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe publication of the ICRC Customary International Humanitarian Law encouraged a debate on the role of the doctrine of persistent objection in international humanitarian law. After setting out the background and meaning of this doctrine, this article will use the examples of belligerent reprisals against civilians and the protection of the environment in light of the use of nuclear weapons to show that although persistent objection is relied upon in international humanitarian law, the dictates of the principles of humanity and public conscience mean that it is less accepted and respected than in other areas of international law. This despite the fact that there are no express limitations on the application of this doctrine to international humanitarian law.

Liberal institutionalism has traditionally emphasized the need for institutional arrangements to initiate and sustain cooperation among states. The theory regenerated much interest in the capacity and potential of international institutions, particularly the United Nations, for sustained international cooperation and peace in the post-cold war world. A good number of recent developments, particularly the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on America and the resurgent neoconservative agenda in American foreign policy to wage the endless 'war on terror' and to extend the zone of freedom and democracy through force, run counter to the basic premises of liberal institutionalism. This article analyzes the impact of the neoconservative foreign policy agenda on wider forms of international cooperation and argues that the unilateral US invasion of Iraq in 2003 has created an international environment of conflict and insecurity where rival and hostile states view each other with deep suspicions and prefer not to cooperate on important international peace and security issues. The prevailing international environment of insecurity has seriously undermined, the potential of international institutions, particularly the United Nations, to hold the post-September 11 world together and get states on board to cooperate on a sustained basis.

This volume deals with the recent proposals in the United Nations and elsewhere for reconstructing the existing economic relations between less developed and more developed countries. The contributors to the book undertake to clarify the NIEO proposals, asking specifically to what extent they are really new, fully international, realistically economic, and are the constituents of workable order. The confrontation of NIEO demands and real-world constraints is a leading feature of the book, and each of the chapters deals with one or more elements of the NIEO proposals against the background of relevant conditions in both the countries and the international institutions and practices that interrelate them. The authors arrive at a considerable degree of consensus, mostly agreeing that the NIEO is not really a new order, but endorsing specific NIEO proposals that will achieve gradual progress for LDCs in absolute terms.

Fact-Finding before the International Court of Justice examines a number of significant recent criticisms of the way in which the ICJ deals with facts. The book takes the position that such criticisms are warranted and that the ICJ's current approach to fact-finding falls short of adequacy, both in cases involving abundant, particularly complex or technical facts, and in those involving a scarcity of facts. The author skilfully examines how other courts such as the WTO and inter-State arbitrations conduct fact-finding and makes a number of select proposals for reform, enabling the ICJ to address some of the current weaknesses in its approach. The proposals includes, but are not limited to, the development of a power to compel the disclosure of information, greater use of provisional measures, and a clear strategy for the use of expert evidence.

Enlargement has been a byword of Europe's international relations since the end of the Cold War. But enlargement has now reached a near terminus. For NATO and the European Union, it no longer animates grand debate. For the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, it is yesterday's issue as no real scope exists for additional members. The condition of post-enlargement has considerable significance for Europe. The English School is a valuable but so far underutilized approach for conceptualizing this condition. Here we introduce English School thinking and elaborate the notion of regional international society. This is a preliminary to the articles which follow, each of which considers a specific organizational or regional component of that society. Adapted from the source document.

Die Geschichte des interkulturellen Vergleichs befaßt sich nicht so sehr mit der Erläuterung spezieller Merkmale, die eine bestimmte Kultur charakterisieren, als mit der Betonung von Wechselwirkungen und wechselseitiger Befruchtung zwischen den Kulturen. In der Vergangenheit wie auch in der Gegenwart haben Übersetzungen eine wichtige Rolle zwischen den Kulturen als verständliche Wiedergabe des Fremden und Unbekannten gespielt. Jede Nation, Region oder Kultur hat in diesem Prozeß eine doppelte Rolle gespielt, jeweils als kultureller Erzeuger und Empfänger. Die eigene Forschung trägt zur Geschichte der Übersetzung während des 20. Jahrhunderts als interkultureller Geschichte der internationalen Beziehungen bei. Die interkulturell - historische Untersuchung von Übersetzungen hat die Aufmerksamkeit auf die wechselnden Merkmale gelenkt, die die kulturellen und wissenschaftlichen Neigungen verschiedener Völker und Nationen vereinen oder unterscheiden. Allgemeine Merkmale sind z. B. die auffallend wachsende Gesamtzahl von Übersetzungen in diesem Jahrhundert, das steigende Interesse an den kulturellen Anstrengungen der englischsprechenden Welt, die geographische Ausdehnung von Übersetzungen aus und in außereuropäische Kontinente und Veränderungen in der Thematik von Übersetzungen mit einer Tendenz zu anderen Themen als Literatur (z. B. Wissenschaften, Kunst, Sport). Die Geschichte der Übersetzung wird als stellare Konstellation gesehen, in der die Schöpfungen verschwundener Welten weiterfunkeln, so wie erloschene Sterne ihr Licht weiter auf entfernte Himmelskörper im Universum werfen. Wird die Entwicklung von Zivilisationen auf diese Weise betrachtet, wird nicht länger an Begriffe wie kulturelle Beherrschung und Unterordnung gedacht. Vielmehr wird die Dauer der Geschichte die Bewegungen der Gezeiten wachrufen. ; Cross-cultural history is concerned not so much with illuminating particular features that characterize a given culture, as with emphasizing reciprocal impacts and cross-fertilization among cultures. In the past, as in the present, translations have played an important cross-cultural role in rendering intelligible the strange and the unknown. Every nation, region, or culture has played a dual role in this process, both as cultural producer and as recipient. My own research attempts to contribute to the history of translations during the twentieth centuryas a cross-cultural history of international relations. Cross-cultural historical investigation of translations has drawn attention tothe changing features that both unite and differentiate cultural and scientific tastes of various peoples and nations. Common features include the striking growth in the total number of translations during the present century: the increasing interest in the cultural achievements of the English-speaking world; the geographical extension of translations from and toward continents other than Europe; and changes in the subject matter of translations, with a shift to themes other than literature (such as sciences, arts, and sports). This study attempts to view the history of translations as a stellar constellation in which the creations of vanished worlds continue to sparkle, just as extinct stars go on casting their light on distant heavenly bodies in the universe. If we consider the development of civilizations in this fashion, we shall no longer think in terms of cultural dominance and subordination, or in terms of rising and falling civilizations; instead the longue duration of history will recall the movements of low tide and high tide.

ABSTRACT
This review analyzes the efficacy of the collection in engaging with international law through the lens of feminist jurisprudence. The editors have compiled a diverse collection that applies feminist thought to varying topics of international law, including economic topics that do not obviously lend themselves to feminist engagement, that demonstrates the benefits of such analysis. The handbook effectively illustrates the potential for feminist thought to apply broadly to international law topics and provides a path forward for continued engagement with feminist theories in international law.

The last decade of the twentieth century was a heyday for the development of international norms and agreements. Non-state actors and states joined together in codifying new international standards in areas as diverse as arms control, war crimes, human rights, violations, environmental protection, sustainable development, and trade. The twenty-first century opened with an abundance of international law but a dearth of international institutions for monitoring or implementing it. Thus compliance has become a major challenge of the new millennium, and this volume addresses compliance issues from the most general and theoretical to the specifics of key case studies. From around the world, the distinguished authors of these original essays tackle some of the most urgent challenges to international law today, ranging from child soldiers in Africa to American exceptionalism. ; https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/books/1302/thumbnail.jpg

The article deals with the question whether an extension of the mechanisms of international criminal jurisdiction by bringing acts of terrorism under the jurisdiction of the planned "Permanent International Criminal Court" could really deliver a sensible contribution to the containment of terrorism. Looking to existing approaches of an internationally coordinated struggle against terrorism demonstrates that recent developments in international treaty law on international cooperation & extradition have brought the international community near to a substantial consensus concerning the definition of "terrorism," but that there still exist different needs of protection for the various categories of terrorist victims. Taking the fragile position of the new international criminal jurisdiction into consideration, a great deal of skepticism with regard to the idea of extending its jurisdiction to terrorist crimes seems to be justified. Adapted from the source document.

Das Buch widmet sich unter einem globalen Ansatz den zwischenstaatlichen Streitbeilegungsregelungen in Freihandelsabkommen. Diese Abkommen enthalten mehr und mehr ausgefeiltere Streitbeilegungsregelungen, die in Konkurrenz zur WTO-Streitbeilegung treten und Streitigkeiten künftig komplexer gestalten können. Die Arbeit vergleicht auf globaler Ebene die Regelungen und leitet daraus ein Grundschema ab. Sie analysiert die Rechtsprechung und die Bezüge zur WTO sowie zur staatlichen Souveränität. Schließlich gibt sie einen Überblick über Probleme und Lösungsmöglichkeiten. Eine Bündelung der Streitbeilegung durch die WTO wäre wünschenswert, ist jedoch angesichts des relativen Stillstands der WTO-Verhandlungen kaum absehbar.Der Autor hat an den Universitäten von Potsdam und Paris X studiert und sein Referendariat nach Stationen u.a. im Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie und der deutschen Auslandshandelskammer Argentinien 2015 mit der zweiten juristischen Staatsprüfung abgeschlossen