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The glagolitic alphabet aims at defending a cultural identity endangered by the political situation existing in IXth century Europe; and the history of the cyrillic alphabet is also widely determined by the same factor, i.e. the defense of an identity. But how are we to conceive such an identity in medieval Europe? The author examines this question, stressing the differences between the medieval concept of ethnic identity (which is the identity of an ethnically determined Christian community, in the contest of a universal power) and the modern one. After shortly discussing some features of the Slavic alphabets (including the writing systems based on the Latin letters), the author proceeds with examining the Slavic identity as seen by the other european peoples in the Middle Ages. This perception is more positive in the Byzantium Commonwealth, whereas in central Europe the situation is more complex, and the Slav is often perceived as an enemy. After an appreciation of some lexical data, first of all from Ilarion s works, as possible hints of the ideas of nation and people then common among the Slavs, the author briefly addresses the relation between the history of the Slavs and the process of formation of the european identity as a whole.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Preface -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Spanish Women as Cultural Agents from Medieval Spain to the New World Frontier -- Chapter 2. Class and Marriage Choices -- Chapter 3. Marriage and the Myth of Romantic California -- Chapter 4. The Legal System and "a Reckless Breed of Men -- Chapter 5. Interethnic Marriages in the Post-Mexican-American War Era -- Epilogue -- Appendix -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

1. Why do we Central Europeans celebrate the anniversary of Magna Carta? Introductory remarks / Zbigniew Rau, Marek Tracz-Tryniecki, and Przemyslaw Zurawski vel Grajewski -- 2. The Hungarian experience of freedom : the tradition of the Golden Bull / Attila K. Molnar and Levente Volgyesi -- 3. King, estates and the Czech Crown : the legal sources of the ideas of freedom in the medieval and early modern Czech lands / Jana Janisova and Dalibor Janis -- 4. The nobility's privileges and the formation of civil liberties in old Poland / Dorota Malec -- 5. Ruling by law and by consent : monarchy and noble estate in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania / Arturas Vasiliauskas.

While explicitly exclusionary approaches toward the intellectual resources of non-Western regions of the world have been long studied and criticized, less attention has been shown toward the ways in which guiding themes and dominant points of reference culled from canonical authors continue to structure and limit thinking across cultural boundaries in less conspicuous ways. Accordingly, this article examines the importance of how the history of political theory, or the political theory canon, influences the emerging treatment of non-Western works in the field of comparative political thought. Focusing on two prominent narrators of the theory canon (Leo Strauss and Sheldon Wolin), I suggest the manner in which an uncritical embrace of their renderings of the history of political thought can pose problems for treatments of non-Western theoretical works. By way of illustration, I analyze the writings of particular commentators on medieval Islamic political thought who draw on Wolin and Strauss, respectively, and demonstrate how their indebtedness to these canon narrators creates obstacles for their different readings of one medieval Muslim author in particular: Taqī al-Dīn Ibn Taymiyyah.

The Musical Heritage of Al-Andalus is a critical account of the history of Andalusian music in Iberia from the Islamic conquest of 711 to the final expulsion of the Moriscos (Spanish Muslims converted to Christianity) in the early 17th century. This volume presents the documentation that has come down to us, accompanied by critical and detailed analyses of the sources written in Arabic, Old Catalan, Castilian, Hebrew, and Latin. It is also informed by research the author has conducted on modern Andalusian musical traditions in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon and Syria. While the cultural achievements of medieval Muslim Spain have been the topic of a large number of scholarly and popular publications in recent decades, what may arguably be its most enduring contribution – music – has been almost entirely neglected. The overarching purpose of this work is to elucidate as clearly as possible the many different types of musical interactions that took place in medieval Iberia and the complexity of the various borrowings, adaptations, hybridizations, and appropriations involved.

"The Mongols' Middle East : Continuity and Transformation in Ilkhanid Iran offers a collection of academic articles that investigate different aspects of Mongol rule in 13th- and 14th-century Iran. Sometimes treated only as part of the larger Mongol Empire, the volume focuses on the Ilkhanate (1258-1335) with particular reference to its relations with its immediate neighbours. It is divided into four parts, looking at the establishment, the internal and external dynamics of the realm, and its end. The different chapters, covering several topics that have received little attention before, aim to contribute to a better understanding of Mongol rule in the Middle East and its role in the broader medieval Eurasian world and its links with China. With contributions by: Reuven Amitai, Michal Biran, Bayarsaikhan Dashdondog, Bruno De Nicola, Florence Hodous, Boris James, Aptin Khanbaghi, Judith Kolbas, George Lane, Timothy May, Charles Melville, Esther Ravalde, Karin Rührdanz"--Provided by publisher

Copper engraving. The Great Exemplar of Sanctity and holy life according to the Christian institution : described in the history of the life and death of the Ever Blessed Jesus Christ the Saviour of the world : with considerations and discourses upon the several parts of the story; and prayers fitted to the several mysteries : in three parts. Jeremy Taylor's The Great Exemplar, is considered to be the first narrative account of the life of Christ to be printed in English. First in his series of devotional works, The Great Exemplar became one of the most popular selling books of the seventeenth century. Born and educated in in Cambridge, Taylor (ca. 1613-1667) was consecrated Bishop of Down and Connor in Ireland in 1658, where he would come to experience great difficulty during an era of religious and political crisis. The engraver of this plate was William Faithorne (ca. 1616-1691), a Londoner, who was at one point taken as a political prisoner during the English Civil War; yet whom was remarkably allowed to continue to engrave portraits while imprisoned! Analysis In this illustration the twelve apostles are gathered closely around a table, with Christ positioned at the center. Here we can see a plate before him. There is bread on the table, and a cup. One of the apostles seems to rest his head on the figure of Christ. John 13:21-25 reads: When Jesus had thus spoken, he was troubled in spirit, and testified, "Truly, truly I say to you, one of you will betray me." The disciples looked at one another, uncertain of whom he spoke. One of his disciples, whom Jesus loved, was lying close to the breast of Jesus; so Simon Peter beckoned to him and said, "Tell us who it is of whom he speaks." In the center of the illustration we can see that Jesus' hand gestures towards the figure in the foreground, Judas, seen holding the bag of silver. The apostles are shown reacting to the foretelling of the betrayal; turning towards one another, or holding their hands in expressive gestures. The identity of the "disciple whom Jesus loved," is the topic of much inquiry. Some biblical scholars believe it is John the Apostle, some Jesus' brother James, and some Mary Magdalene (among many other theories). ; https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/last_supper_iconography/1004/thumbnail.jpg

Abstract
The study of the medical practices of medieval European Jews has tended to centre on the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion of Jews in European societies, with medical practices and non-learned practitioners within Jewish communities receiving less attention. Information is particularly lacking on the more rudimentary aspects of medical training and practice, daily medical care and household medicine. This essay highlights features of the historiography of Jewish activity in medicine that beckon new or renewed scholarly attention. The essay introduces a cluster of articles, which begin to fill this lacuna while charting methodological keys for future work in the field.

Summary
In this article, I analyse the attribution of remedies and therapeutic procedures to women, anonymous in the main, embedded in a number of texts belonging to the medieval Hebrew corpus of literature on women's healthcare. By suggesting a classification of the ways in which both women and their healing activities are referred to, I intend to offer a framework that helps to identify Jewish (and non-Jewish) women's health agency from medical texts. In addition to textual analysis, I compare some of the mentions with evidences found in a variety of historical and literary sources for the sake of helping to contextualise them.

A history of Rome beginning with the great schism within the Church in 1378 and ending with the pontificate of Sixtus IV in 1484--from the medieval period to the Renaissance. That century saw far-reaching change in Rome: the Pope took control of the rebellious city, society and economy came to center around the court, and the humanists led a spiritual change that taught a new perspective of the ancient world. Religious life was colored by the pilgrims and laywomen who streamed into Rome during the Jubilee Years, and the Popes and Cardinals carried out a program of building and art that changed the external appearance of Rome

This book charts the contributions made to the development of the late medieval English economy by enterprise, money, and credit in a period which saw its major export trade in wool, which earned most of its money-supply, suffer from prolonged periods of warfare, high taxation, adverse weather, and mortality of sheep. Consequently, the economy suffered from severe shortages of coin, as well as from internal political conflicts, before the plague of 1348-9 halved the population. The book examines from the Statute Merchant certificates of debt, the extent to which credit, which normally reflects economic activity, was affected by these events, and the extent to which London, and the leading counties were affected differently by them. The analysis covers the entire kingdom, decade by decade, and thereby contributes to the controversy whether over-population or shortage of coin most inhibited its development.--

The volume provides new evidence of how the legal ideas of the Lutheran Reformation were put into practice, especially in the Nordic countries, and how they worked in the history of law. Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden forming the largest Lutheran area in the world, this lacuna is considerable. The first part of the book deals with the legal, theological and philosophical thought of the reformers. The second part examines the impact of the Reformation on particular aspects of legal reform, especially marriage and criminal law and the law on poor relief in the Northern Europe. The study is based on interdisciplinary research by theologians and legal historians. Contributors include: Kaarlo Arffman, Pekka Kärkkäinen, Mia Korpiola, Virpi Mäkinen, Heikki Pihlajamäki, Antti Raunio, Risto Saarinen, and Reijo Työrinoja

While recordkeeping and record-using were important in Classical societies and early medieval Europe, rapid evolution and change characterized recordkeeping practices from the late Middle Ages throughout the early modern period. This paper recasts changes in Western European recordkeeping from the fourteenth to eighteenth century in terms of the differentiation of spaces and practices, thus challenging older literature that sees increasing accumulation around a foundational archivum as the primary mode of expansion. Empirically, the argument concentrates on developments in the German lands that produced highly sophisticated Registratur (practices that tracked and indexed a wide variety of circulating records) across the German sphere after 1400. As first argued by Ernst Pitz, early modern German archivists began differentiating conceptual and physical spaces for recordkeeping in the fifteenth century, thus producing both archives of charters and registries of informational records of many kinds. A close examination of developments in Habsburg Innsbruck confirms that both an ordered archive and a powerful comprehensive system of registry emerged simultaneously in the 1520s in one of the most sophisticated recordkeeping venues of the era. The paper also reconsiders the historiography of archives, emphasizing how the cultural, medial and spatial turns have transformed current research. By contrasting relatively stable medial forms – pen, ink and paper; roll, bundle and codex – with more dynamic and transformative medial configurations which can be studied through the systematic comparison of specific cases, I argue that new research on archival history offers fresh and less culturally bound approaches to the preservation of records in the archives that remain the foundation for historical research into the past.

The metaphor of the palimpsest has been increasingly invoked to conceptualize cities with deep, living pasts. This volume seeks to think through, and beyond, the logic of the palimpsest, asking whether this fashionable trope slyly forces us to see contradiction where local inhabitants saw (and see) none, to impose distinctions that satisfy our own assumptions about historical periodization and cultural practice, but which bear little relation to the experience of ancient, medieval or early modern persons. Spanning the period from Constantine's foundation of a New Rome in the fourth century to the contemporary aftermath of the Lebanese civil war, this book integrates perspectives from scholars typically separated by the disciplinary boundaries of late antique, Islamic, medieval, Byzantine, Ottoman and modern Middle Eastern studies, but whose work is united by their study of a region characterized by resilience rather than rupture. The volume includes an introduction and eighteen contributions from historians, archaeologists and art historians who explore the historical and cultural complexity of eastern Mediterranean cities. The authors highlight the effects of the multiple antiquities imagined and experienced by persons and groups who for generations made these cities home, and also by travelers and other observers who passed through them. The independent case studies are bound together by a shared concern to understand the many ways in which the cities' pasts live on in their presents.